数据类型 引用 # :string, :text, :integer, :float,:decimal, :datetime, :timestamp, :time, :date, # :binary, :boolean 与db有关的rake任务 db:charset 检索当前环境下数据库的字符设置 db:collation 检索当前环境下数据库的校对 db:create 用config\database.yml中的定义创建当前 RAILS_ENV 项目环境下的数据库 db:create:all 用config\database.yml中的定义创建所有数据库 db:drop 删除当前 droRAILS_ENV项目环境中的数据库 db:drop:all 删除所有在 config\database.yml中定义的数据库 db:reset 从db\schema.rb中为当前环境重建数据库（先删后建）. db:rollback 回滚(清华出版社一本SQLSERVER书的名词[很奇怪为什么不直接用滚回])数据库到前一个版本. 指定回滚到哪一步要用 STEP=n 参数 db:version 检索当前模式下的版本 备份数据库 rake db:backup:create 根据database.yml的信息备份数据库 rake db:backup:destroy 默认删除一天前的备份数据 rake db:backup:rebuild 默认恢复最新的备份数据 注意：这里设置的备份目录是db的backup目录，可以修改 添加索引 引用 add_index :acls, ["action_id","group_id"],:unique=>true add_index :acls, :action_id drop all tables 删除全部表 rake db:migrate VERSION=0 指定恢复/删除： rake db:migrate:down/up VERSION = version_of_migrati 定义数字精确度 t.integer :total_price, :precision=>8,:scale=>2,:default=>0 db:create creates the database for the current env db:create:all creates the databases for all envs db:drop drops the database for the current env db:drop:all drops the databases for all envs db:migrate runs migrations for the current env that have not run yet db:migrate:up runs one specific migration db:migrate:down rolls back one specific migration db:migrate:status shows current migration status db:rollback rolls back the last migration db:forward advances the current schema version to the next one db:seed (only) runs the db/seed.rb file db:schema:load loads the schema into the current env's database db:schema:dump dumps the current env's schema (and seems to create the db as well) db:setup runs db:schema:load, db:seed db:reset runs db:drop db:setup db:migrate:redo runs (db:migrate:down db:migrate:up) or (db:rollback db:migrate) depending on the specified migration db:migrate:reset runs db:drop db:create db:migrate rake db:abort_if_pending_migrations # Raises an error if there are pending migrations rake db:charset # Retrieves the charset for the current environment's database rake db:collation # Retrieves the collation for the current environment's database rake db:create # Create the database defined in config/database.yml for the current RAILS_ENV rake db:create:all # Create all the local databases defined in config/database.yml rake db:drop # Drops the database for the current RAILS_ENV rake db:drop:all # Drops all the local databases defined in config/database.yml rake db:fixtures:identify # Search for a fixture given a LABEL or ID. rake db:fixtures:load # Load fixtures into the current environment's database. rake db:migrate # Migrate the database through scripts in db/migrate. rake db:migrate:down # Runs the "down" for a given migration VERSION. rake db:migrate:redo # Rollbacks the database one migration and re migrate up. rake db:migrate:reset # Resets your database using your migrations for the current environment rake db:migrate:up # Runs the "up" for a given migration VERSION. rake db:reset # Drops and recreates the database from db/schema.rb for the current environment. rake db:rollback # Rolls the schema back to the previous version. rake db:schema:dump # Create a db/schema.rb file that can be portably used against any DB supported by AR rake db:schema:load # Load a schema.rb file into the database rake db:sessions:clear # Clear the sessions table rake db:sessions:create # Creates a sessions migration for use with CGI::Session::ActiveRecordStore rake db:structure:dump # Dump the database structure to a SQL file rake db:test:clone # Recreate the test database from the current environment's database schema rake db:test:clone_structure # Recreate the test databases from the development structure rake db:test:load # Recreate the test database from the current schema.rb rake db:test:prepare # Check for pending migrations and load the test schema rake db:test:purge # Empty the test database rake db:version # Retrieves the current schema version number rake doc:app # Build the app HTML Files rake doc:clobber_app # Remove rdoc products rake doc:clobber_plugins # Remove plugin documentation rake doc:clobber_rails # Remove rdoc products rake doc:guides # Generate Rails guides rake doc:plugins # Generate documentation for all installed plugins rake doc:rails # Build the rails HTML Files rake doc:reapp # Force a rebuild of the RDOC files rake doc:rerails # Force a rebuild of the RDOC files rake gems # List the gems that this rails application depends on rake gems:build # Build any native extensions for unpacked gems rake gems:install # Installs all required gems for this application. rake gems:refresh_specs # Regenerate gem specifications in correct format. rake gems:unpack # Unpacks the specified gem into vendor/gems. rake gems:unpack:dependencies # Unpacks the specified gems and its dependencies into vendor/gems rake log:clear # Truncates all *.log files in log/ to zero bytes rake notes # Enumerate all annotations rake notes:custom # Enumerate a custom annotation, specify with ANNOTATION=WTFHAX rake notes:fixme # Enumerate all FIXME annotations rake notes:optimize # Enumerate all OPTIMIZE annotations rake notes:todo # Enumerate all TODO annotations rake rails:freeze:edge # Lock to latest Edge Rails, for a specific release use RELEASE=1.2.0 rake rails:freeze:gems # Lock this application to the current gems (by unpacking them into vendor/rails) rake rails:unfreeze # Unlock this application from freeze of gems or edge and return to a fluid use of system gems rake rails:update # Update both configs, scripts and public/javascripts from Rails rake rails:update:configs # Update config/boot.rb from your current rails install rake rails:update:javascripts # Update your javascripts from your current rails install rake rails:update:scripts # Add new scripts to the application script/ directory rake routes # Print out all defined routes in match order, with names. rake secret # Generate a crytographically secure secret key. rake stats # Report code statistics (KLOCs, etc) from the application rake test # Run all unit, functional and integration tests rake test:benchmark # Run tests for benchmarkdb:test:prepare / Benchmark the performance tests rake test:functionals # Run tests for functionalsdb:test:prepare / Run the functional tests in test/functional rake test:integration # Run tests for integrationdb:test:prepare / Run the integration tests in test/integration rake test:plugins # Run tests for pluginsenvironment / Run the plugin tests in vendor/plugins/*/**/test (or specify with PLUGIN=name) rake test:profile # Run tests for profiledb:test:prepare / Profile the performance tests rake test:recent # Run tests for recentdb:test:prepare / Test recent changes rake test:uncommitted # Run tests for uncommitteddb:test:prepare / Test changes since last checkin (only Subversion and Git) rake test:units # Run tests for unitsdb:test:prepare / Run the unit tests in test/unit rake time:zones:all # Displays names of all time zones recognized by the Rails TimeZone class, grouped by offset. rake time:zones:local # Displays names of time zones recognized by the Rails TimeZone class with the same offset as the system local time rake time:zones:us # Displays names of US time zones recognized by the Rails TimeZone class, grouped by offset. rake tmp:cache:clear # Clears all files and directories in tmp/cache rake tmp:clear # Clear session, cache, and socket files from tmp/ rake tmp:create # Creates tmp directories for sessions, cache, and sockets rake tmp:pids:clear # Clears all files in tmp/pids rake tmp:sessions:clear # Clears all files in tmp/sessions rake tmp:sockets:clear # Clears all files in tmp/sockets