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【项目2 - 职员有薪水了】定义一个名为CPerson的类，有以下私有成员:姓名、身份证号、性别和年龄，成员函数：构造函数、析构函数、输出信息的函数。并在此基础上派生出CEmployee类，派生类CEmployee添加了两个新的数据成员，分别用于表示部门和薪水。要求派生类CEmployee的构造函数显示调用基类CPerson的构造函数，并为派生类CEmployee定义析构函数，定义输出信息的函数。
class CPerson
{
protected:
string m_szName;
string m_szId;
int m_nSex;//0:women,1:man
int m_nAge;
public:
CPerson(string name,string id,int sex,int age);
void Show1();
~CPerson();
}; class CEmployee:public CPerson
{
private:
string m_szDepartment;
double m_Salary;
public:
CEmployee(string name,string id,int sex,int age,string department,double salary);
void Show2();
~CEmployee();
}; int main()
{
string name,id,department;
int sex,age;
double salary;
cout<<"input employee's name,id,sex(0:women,1:man),age,department,salary:\n";
cin>>name>>id>>sex>>age>>department>>salary;
CEmployee employee1(name,id,sex,age,department,salary);
employee1.Show2();
return 0;
}
以下的执行结果供參考：
參考解答：
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std; class CPerson
{
protected:
string m_szName;
string m_szId;
int m_nSex;//0:women,1:man
int m_nAge;
public:
CPerson(string name,string id,int sex,int age);
void Show1();
~CPerson();
}; class CEmployee:public CPerson
{
private:
string m_szDepartment;
double m_Salary;
public:
CEmployee(string name,string id,int sex,int age,string department,double salary);
void Show2();
~CEmployee();
}; CPerson::CPerson(string name,string id,int sex,int age)
{
m_szName=name;
m_szId=id;
m_nSex=sex;
m_nAge=age;
} void CPerson::Show1()
{
cout<<setw(10)<<m_szName<<setw(25)<<m_szId;
if(m_nSex==0)
cout<<setw(7)<<"women";
else
cout<<setw(7)<<"man";
cout<<setw(5)<<m_nAge<<endl;
} CPerson::~CPerson() { } CEmployee::CEmployee(string name,string id,int sex,int age,string department,double salary)
:CPerson(name,id,sex,age)
{
m_szDepartment=department;
m_Salary=salary;
} void CEmployee::Show2()
{
cout<<setw(10)<<"name"<<setw(25)<<"id"<<setw(7)<<"sex"<<setw(5)<<"age"<<setw(12)<<"department"<<setw(10)<<"salary"<<endl;
cout<<setw(10)<<m_szName<<setw(25)<<m_szId;
if(m_nSex==0)
cout<<setw(7)<<"women";
else
cout<<setw(7)<<"man";
cout<<setw(5)<<m_nAge;
//因为基类CPerson的成员变量採用了protected属性，因此可採用上述述代码实现，否则若
//基类CPerson的成员变量採用了privated属性，则仅仅能使用CPerson::Show();实现
cout<<setw(12)<<m_szDepartment<<setw(10)<<m_Salary<<endl;
} CEmployee::~CEmployee() {} int main()
{
string name,id,department;
int sex,age;
double salary;
cout<<"input employee's name,id,sex(0:women,1:man),age,department,salary:\n";
cin>>name>>id>>sex>>age>>department>>salary;
CEmployee employee1(name,id,sex,age,department,salary);
employee1.Show2();
return 0;
}
【项目2拓展（选做）】字符串除了用C++扩充的string类型外，按C语言的传统，还用char *表示。请将类声明中的string所有改为char *后，又一次写一遍程序（此时的差别是，类中有指针成员，构造和析构函数须要考虑深复制的问题了。）
class CPerson
{
protected:
char *m_szName;
char *m_szId;
int m_nSex;//0:women,1:man
int m_nAge;
public:
CPerson(char *name,char *id,int sex,int age);
void Show1();
~CPerson();
};
class CEmployee:public CPerson
{
private:
char *m_szDepartment;
float m_Salary;
public:
CEmployee(char *name,char *id,int sex,int age,char *department,float salary);
void Show2();
~CEmployee();
};
int main()
{
char name[10],id[19],department[10];
int sex,age;
float salary;
cout<<"input employee's name,id,sex(0:women,1:man),age,department,salary:\n";
cin>>name>>id>>sex>>age>>department>>salary;
CEmployee employee1(name,id,sex,age,department,salary);
employee1.Show2();
return 0;
}
參考解答：
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std; class CPerson
{
protected:
char *m_szName;
char *m_szId;
int m_nSex;//0:women,1:man
int m_nAge;
public:
CPerson(char *name,char *id,int sex,int age);
void Show1();
~CPerson();
}; class CEmployee:public CPerson
{
private:
char *m_szDepartment;
float m_Salary;
public:
CEmployee(char *name,char *id,int sex,int age,char *department,float salary);
void Show2();
~CEmployee();
}; CPerson::CPerson(char *name,char *id,int sex,int age)
{
m_szName=new char[strlen(name)+1];
strcpy(m_szName,name);
m_szId=new char[strlen(id)+1];
strcpy(m_szId,id);
m_nSex=sex;
m_nAge=age;
} void CPerson::Show1()
{
cout<<setw(10)<<m_szName<<setw(25)<<m_szId; //setw:设置输出数据的宽度,使用时应#include <iomanip.h>
if(m_nSex==0)
cout<<setw(7)<<"women";
else
cout<<setw(7)<<"man";
cout<<setw(5)<<m_nAge<<endl;
} CPerson::~CPerson()
{
delete [ ]m_szName;
delete [ ]m_szId;
} CEmployee::CEmployee(char *name,char *id,int sex,int age,char *department,float salary)
:CPerson(name,id,sex,age)
{
m_szDepartment=new char[strlen(department)+1];
strcpy(m_szDepartment,department);
m_Salary=salary;
} void CEmployee::Show2()//注意派生类输出函数应输出所有成员变量（含基类继承的成员变量）的值
{
cout<<setw(10)<<"name"<<setw(25)<<"id"<<setw(7)<<"sex"<<setw(5)<<"age"<<setw(12)<<"department"<<setw(10)<<"salary"<<endl;
cout<<setw(10)<<m_szName<<setw(25)<<m_szId;
if(m_nSex==0)
cout<<setw(7)<<"women";
else
cout<<setw(7)<<"man";
cout<<setw(5)<<m_nAge;
//因为基类CPerson的成员变量採用了protected属性，因此可採用上述述代码实现，否则若
//基类CPerson的成员变量採用了privated属性，则仅仅能使用CPerson::Show();实现
cout<<setw(12)<<m_szDepartment<<setw(10)<<m_Salary<<endl;
} CEmployee::~CEmployee()
{
delete [ ]m_szDepartment;
} int main()
{
char name[10],id[19],department[10];
int sex,age;
float salary;
cout<<"input employee's name,id,sex(0:women,1:man),age,department,salary:\n";
cin>>name>>id>>sex>>age>>department>>salary;
CEmployee employee1(name,id,sex,age,department,salary);
employee1.Show2();
return 0;
}
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