package helloworld
import groovy.swing.SwingBuilder
import java.awt.BorderLayout
import groovy.swing.SwingBuilder
import java.awt.BorderLayout as BL
import org.junit.*;
import java.util.*; class HelloController { enum Day{SUNDAY,MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY,THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY} enum Planet {MERCURY(3.303e+23, 2.4397e6),
VENUS(4.869e+24, 6.0518e6),
EARTH(5.976e+24, 6.37814e6),
MARS(6.421e+23, 3.3972e6),
JUPITER(1.9e+27,7.1492e7),
SATURN(5.688e+26, 6.0268e7),
URANUS(8.686e+25, 2.5559e7),
NEPTUNE(1.024e+26, 2.4746e7)
double mass;
double radius;
Planet(double mass, double radius){
this.mass = mass;
this.radius = radius;
}
void printMe(){
println "has a mass of and a radius of<BR>";
println "mass:"+mass+", radius:"+radius;
//render "printMe:<BR>";
//println "AAAA"; }
} def index() {
//def grailsVersion = grailsApplication.metadata['app.grails.version'];
//render "Hello World!"+grailsVersion;
//render grailsVersion;
//def mySet = false;
//def mySet = Boolean.FALSE;
//if(mySet){
//render "true";
//}else{
//render "false";
//}
//String str = null;
//assert str_ = = null;
//render "Hello world it is"+new java.util.Date() + grailsVersion;
//String str = null;
//assert str1 == null; //Groovy基本语法
//int i = 123 + 45 *67;
//render i+"<BR>";
//def x = new java.util.Date();
//render x; //不能直接跟字符串,可能是数据类型问题
//render "<BR>";
//Boolean y = false;
//render y+"<BR>"; //List和Maps
//List myList = [1776, -1, 33, 99, 0, 928734928763]; //Groovy语法简介 //1 没有类型的java
//仅仅要求变量名前使用关键字def(groovy jsr 1开始,在以前的版本中,甚至连def都不需要)
def var = "hello world";
render var+"<BR>";
render var.class; //查看变量的类型
//对象输出后面不能跟+号字符链接符号
//作为例外,方法参数和循环变量的声明不需要def
//2 不需要的public
//3 不需要的语句结束符
//4 字符串链接符
def var2 = "hello world groovy!";
render "<BR>"+var2+"<BR>";
//5 一切皆有对象
def var3 = "hello "+
"world"+
", groovy!";
render var3+"<BR>";
render var3.class;
render "<BR>";
var3 = 1001;
render "<BR>重新赋值后的类型:";
render var3.class;
//6 循环
//def var4 = "hello "+ "world "+", groovy!";
//def repeat(val){
//for(i=0; i<5; i++){
//render val+"<BR>";
//}
//}
//repeat(var4);
//这样直接循环错误哦 //7 String和Gstring
def i=22;
def val4="xlc";
//render "this is ${$val4}:${i}"; 不支持了
render "<BR>this is "+val4+":"+i+"<BR>"; //8 范围
def j=22;
for (jj in 0..<5){
render jj;
}
//render "<BR><BR>";
//不成功
//for(jjj in a..<e){
//render jjj;
//}
//9 默认参数值
/*def repet(val, repeat=3){
for(i in 0..<repeat){
render "this is ....";
}
}*/
//这个例子肯定运行不了
//10 集合
//Groovy支持最常见的两个java集合,java.util.Collection和java.util.Map
//前面所说的范围实际也是集合的一种java.util.List
//(1)Collection
//添加
def collect = ["a","b","c"];
collect.add(1);
collect<<"come on";
collect[collect.size()]=100.0;
//输出
render collect[0]+"<BR>";
render collect[collect.size()-1]+"<BR>";
render collect.size();
for(i=0; i<collect.size(); i++){
render i+":"+collect[i]+"<BR>";
}
//groovy支持负索引
render "-1:"+collect[-1]+"<BR>"; //索引其倒数第1个元素
render "-2:"+collect[-2]+"<BR>"; //索引其倒数第2个元素 //collection支持集合运算
collect = collect + 5;
render collect[collect.size()-1]+"<BR>";
collect = collect-'a';
render collect[0]; //同样的,你可以往集合中添加另一个集合或删除一个集合
collect = collect-collect[0..4]; //把集合的前5个元素去掉
render collect[0]+"<BR>"; //现在集合中仅有一个元素,即原来的最后一个元素
render collect[-1]+"<BR>"; //也可以用负索引,证明最后一个元素就是第一个元素
//Map
def map = ["name":"john", "age":14, "sex":"boy"];
map = map+["weight":25];
map = map+["length":1.27];
map.father = "Keller";
render map['father']+"<BR>";
render map.length+"<BR>";
//11 闭包(Closure)
//key, value两个参数用于接受每个元素的键/值
map.each({key,value->render "$key:$value <BR>"});
map.each{render it} //it是一个关键字,代表map集合的每个元素
render "<BR>";
map.each({render it.getKey()+"--->"+it.getValue()});
//除了用于迭代之外,闭包也可以单独定义
def say = {
word->render "Hi, $word!<BR>";
}
//调用
say('groovy');
say.call("groovy&grails");
//12 类
//(1) 不需要public修饰符
//(2) 不需要类型说明
//(3) 不需要getter/setter方法
//(4) 不需要构造函数
//(5) 不需要return
//(6) 不需要()号
//Groovy中方法调查用可以省略()号(构造函数除外),也就是说下面两句是等同的
//person1.setName 'kk';
//preson1.setName ('kk');
//标准java写法
def person1 = new Person();
person1.name = 'kk';
person1.age = 20;
render person1;
render "<BR>"; def person2 = new Person(["name":'gg', "age":33]);
render person2;
render "<BR>";
//这样需要要注意我们覆盖了Object的toString方法,因为我们想通过render person1这样的方法简单地打印对象的属性值
//然而toString方法中并没有return一个string,但不用担心,Groovy默认返回方法的最后一行的值
//13 ?运算符
//rs ?.next();
//?在这里是一个条件运算符,如果?前面的对象非null,执行后面的方法,否则什么也不做
//14 可变参数
//等同于java5中的变长参数,首先我们定义一个变长参数的方法sum:
//下面的测试没有通过
/*int sum(int... var)
{
def total = 0;
for(i in var){
total += i;
}
return total;
}
render sum(1); */
//15 枚举
// enum Day{ SUNDAY, MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY}
//enum Planet {MERCURY(3.303e+23, 2.4397e6)}
//enum Day{SUNDAY,MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY,THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY}
//这个枚举要定义到函数的外面,也就是类的下面
//然后我们在swith语句中使用他
def today = Day.SATURDAY;
render today;
switch(today){
case "SATURDAY":
render "可以休息啦<BR>";
break;
case Day.MONDAY..Day.FRIDAY:
render "今天得上班啊<BR>";
break;
default:
render "这么奇怪<BR>";
}
//同java5一样,groovy支持带构造器,属性和方法的enum:
//如顶部构造函数
Planet.EARTH.printMe();
//println是只能在命令窗口出现的打印数据
//16 Elvis操作符
//这是三目运算符"?:"的简单形式,三目运算符通常以这种形式出现
def name = null;
//String displayName = name !=null ? name : "Unknown";
//String displayName = name ? name : "Unknown";
String displayName = name ?: "Unknown";
render displayName+"<BR>"; //17 动态性
//Groovy所有对象都有一个元类metaClass,我们可以通过metaClass属性访问该元类,通过元类,可以为这个对象增加方法
//下面代码,msg是一个String,通过元类,我们为msg增加了一个String类中所没有方法up:
def msg = "Hello";
render msg.metaClass
render "<BR>";
//添加元件到没有成功
//String.metaClass.up = { delegate.toUpperCase();}
//render msg.up(); //通过元类,我们还可以检索对象所拥有的方法和属性(就像反射)
msg.metaClass.methods.each{ render it.name+"<BR>"; }
msg.metaClass.properties.each{ render it.name+"<BR>";} //我们可以通过元类判断有没有一个叫up的主应运而生,然后再调用它
if(msg.metaClass.respondsTo(msg, 'up')){
render "ok exists<BR>";
}else{
render "isexists up<BR>";
}
if(msg.metaClass.hasProperty(msg, 'bytes')){
render msg.bytes.encodeBase64();
}
//18 Groovy swing
//好像是生成表单和按钮,但没成功
/*def swing = new SwingBuilder()
count = 0
def textlabel
def frame = swing.frame(title:'Frame', size:[300,300]) {
borderLayout()
textlabel = label(text:"Clicked ${count} time(s).",
constraints: BL.NORTH)
button(text:'Click Me',
actionPerformed: {count++; textlabel.text =
"Clicked ${count} time(s)."; println "clicked"},
constraints:BorderLayout.SOUTH)
}
frame.pack()
frame.show()def swing = new SwingBuilder()
count = 0
def textlabel
def frame = swing.frame(title:'Frame', size:[300,300]) {
borderLayout()
textlabel = label(text:"Clicked ${count} time(s).",
constraints: BL.NORTH)
button(text:'Click Me',
actionPerformed: {count++; textlabel.text =
"Clicked ${count} time(s)."; println "clicked"},
constraints:BorderLayout.SOUTH)
}
frame.pack()
frame.show()*/ }
} class Person
{
def name;
def age;
//注意方法的类型String,因为我们要覆盖的方法为String类型
String toString(){
"$name,$age";
}
}