首先我们再来了解一下分片集群的架构,分片集群由三部分构成:

  • mongos:查询路由,在客户端程序和分片之间提供接口。本次实验部署2个mongos实例
  • config:配置服务器存储集群的元数据,元数据反映分片集群的内所有数据和组件的状态和组织方式,元数据包含每个分片上的块列表以及定义块的范围。从3.4版本开始,已弃用镜像服务器用作配置服务器(SCCC),config Server必须部署为副本集架构(CSRS)。本次实验配置一个3节点的副本集作为配置服务器
  • shard:每个shard包含集合的一部分数据,从3.6版本开始,每个shard必须部署为副本集(replica set)架构。本次实验部署3个分片存储数据。

MongoDB Sharding(二) -- 搭建分片集群-LMLPHP

(一)主机信息

MongoDB Sharding(二) -- 搭建分片集群-LMLPHP

(二)配置服务器副本集搭建

配置服务器三个实例的基础规划如下:

member0 192.168.10.80:27017
member1 192.168.10.80:27018
member2 192.168.10.80:27019

其参数规划如下:

MongoDB Sharding(二) -- 搭建分片集群-LMLPHP

 接下来,我们一步一步搭建config server的副本集。

STEP1:解压mongodb安装包到/mongo目录

[root@mongosserver mongo]# pwd
/mongo
[root@mongosserver mongo]# ls
bin LICENSE-Community.txt MPL-2 README THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES THIRD-PARTY-NOTICES.gotools

 STEP2:根据上面参数规划,创建数据存放相关路径

# 创建文件路径
mkdir -p /replset/repset1/data
mkdir -p /replset/repset1/log
mkdir -p /replset/repset2/data
mkdir -p /replset/repset2/log
mkdir -p /replset/repset3/data
mkdir -p /replset/repset3/log

[root@mongosserver repset1]# tree /replset/
/replset/
├── repset1
│   ├── data
│   ├── log
│   └── mongodb.conf
├── repset2
│   ├── data
│   └── log
└── repset3
    ├── data
    └── log

 STEP3:为3个实例创建参数文件

实例1的参数文件  /replset/repset1/mongodb.conf  :

MongoDB Sharding(二) -- 搭建分片集群-LMLPHPMongoDB Sharding(二) -- 搭建分片集群-LMLPHP
systemLog:
   destination: file
   logAppend: true
   path: /replset/repset1/log/mongodb.log

storage:
   dbPath: /replset/repset1/data
   journal:
     enabled: true

processManagement:
   fork: true  # fork and run in background
   pidFilePath: /replset/repset1/mongod.pid  # location of pidfile
   timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

# network interfaces
net:
   port: 27017
   bindIp: 0.0.0.0

# shard
sharding:
  clusterRole: configsvr

# repliuca set
replication:
  replSetName: conf
View Code

 实例2的参数文件  /replset/repset2/mongodb.conf :

MongoDB Sharding(二) -- 搭建分片集群-LMLPHPMongoDB Sharding(二) -- 搭建分片集群-LMLPHP
systemLog:
   destination: file
   logAppend: true
   path: /replset/repset2/log/mongodb.log

storage:
   dbPath: /replset/repset2/data
   journal:
     enabled: true

processManagement:
   fork: true  # fork and run in background
   pidFilePath: /replset/repset2/mongod.pid  # location of pidfile
   timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

# network interfaces
net:
   port: 27018
   bindIp: 0.0.0.0

# shard
sharding:
  clusterRole: configsvr

# repliuca set
replication:
  replSetName: conf
 
View Code

 实例3的参数文件  /replset/repset3/mongodb.conf :

MongoDB Sharding(二) -- 搭建分片集群-LMLPHPMongoDB Sharding(二) -- 搭建分片集群-LMLPHP
systemLog:
   destination: file
   logAppend: true
   path: /replset/repset3/log/mongodb.log

storage:
   dbPath: /replset/repset3/data
   journal:
     enabled: true

processManagement:
   fork: true  # fork and run in background
   pidFilePath: /replset/repset3/mongod.pid  # location of pidfile
   timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

# network interfaces
net:
   port: 27019
   bindIp: 0.0.0.0

# shard
sharding:
  clusterRole: configsvr

# repliuca set
replication:
  replSetName: conf
View Code

 STEP4:启动三个mongod实例

mongod -f /replset/repset1/mongodb.conf
mongod -f /replset/repset2/mongodb.conf
mongod -f /replset/repset3/mongodb.conf


# 查看是成功否启动
[root@mongosserver mongo]# netstat -nltp |grep mongod
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:27019 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 28009/mongod
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:27017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 27928/mongod
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:27018 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 27970/mongod

 STEP5:进入任意一个实例,初始化配置服务器的副本集

rs.initiate(
  {
    _id: "conf",
    configsvr: true,
    members: [
      { _id : 0, host : "192.168.10.80:27017" },
      { _id : 1, host : "192.168.10.80:27018" },
      { _id : 2, host : "192.168.10.80:27019" }
    ]
  }
)

  STEP6:[可选] 调整节点优先级,以便于确定主节点

cfg = rs.conf()
cfg.members[0].priority = 3
cfg.members[1].priority = 2
cfg.members[2].priority = 1
rs.reconfig(cfg)

 对于members[n]的定义:n是members数组中的数组位置,数组以0开始,千万不能将其理解为“members[n]._id”的_id值。

查看节点优先级:

conf:PRIMARY> rs.config()

(三)分片副本集搭建

分片1副本集成员:
member0 192.168.10.81:27017
member1 192.168.10.81:27018
member2 192.168.10.81:27019

分片2副本集成员:
member0 192.168.10.82:27017
member1 192.168.10.82:27018
member2 192.168.10.82:27019

分片3副本集成员:
member0 192.168.10.83:27017
member1 192.168.10.83:27018
member2 192.168.10.83:27019

其参数规划如下:

MongoDB Sharding(二) -- 搭建分片集群-LMLPHP

 这里一共有3个分片,每个分片都是3个节点的副本集,副本集的搭建过程与上面config server副本集搭建过程相似,这里不再重复赘述,唯一不同的是副本集的初始化。shard副本集的初始化与配置副本集初始化过程相比,少了 configsvr: true 的参数配置。

三个shard副本集的初始化:

# shard001
rs.initiate( { _id:
"shard001", members: [ { _id : 0, host : "192.168.10.81:27017" }, { _id : 1, host : "192.168.10.81:27018" }, { _id : 2, host : "192.168.10.81:27019" } ] } )
# shard002
rs.initiate( { _id:
"shard002", members: [ { _id : 0, host : "192.168.10.82:27017" }, { _id : 1, host : "192.168.10.82:27018" }, { _id : 2, host : "192.168.10.82:27019" } ] } ) # shard003 rs.initiate( { _id: "shard003", members: [ { _id : 0, host : "192.168.10.83:27017" }, { _id : 1, host : "192.168.10.83:27018" }, { _id : 2, host : "192.168.10.83:27019" } ] } )

(四)配置并启动mongos

本次试验在192.168.10.100服务器上启动2个mongos进程,分别使用端口27000和28000。

STEP1:配置mongos实例的参数

端口27000参数配置,特别注意,需要先创建涉及到的路径:

systemLog:
   destination: file
   logAppend: true
   path: /mongo/log/mongos-27000.log

processManagement:
   fork: true  # fork and run in background
   pidFilePath: /mongo/mongod-27000.pid  # location of pidfile
   timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

# network interfaces
net:
   port: 27000
   bindIp: 0.0.0.0

sharding:
  configDB: conf/192.168.10.80:27017,192.168.10.80:27018,192.168.10.80:27019

 端口28000参数配置,特别注意,需要先创建涉及到的路径:

systemLog:
   destination: file
   logAppend: true
   path: /mongo/log/mongos-28000.log

processManagement:
   fork: true  # fork and run in background
   pidFilePath: /mongo/mongod-28000.pid  # location of pidfile
   timeZoneInfo: /usr/share/zoneinfo

# network interfaces
net:
   port: 28000
   bindIp: 0.0.0.0

sharding:
  configDB: conf/192.168.10.80:27017,192.168.10.80:27018,192.168.10.80:27019

 STEP2:启动mongos实例

# 启动mongos实例
[root@mongosserver mongo]# mongos -f /mongo/mongos-27000.conf
[root@mongosserver mongo]# mongos -f /mongo/mongos-28000.conf

# 查看实例信息
[root@mongosserver mongo]# netstat -nltp|grep mongos
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:27000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2209/mongos
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:28000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2241/mongos

(五)添加分片到集群配置服务器

STEP1:使用mongo连接到mongos

mongo --host 192.168.10.100 --port 27000
# 或者
mongo --host 192.168.10.100 --port 28000

 STEP2:添加分片到集群

sh.addShard( "shard001/192.168.10.81:27017,192.168.10.81:27018,192.168.10.81:27019")
sh.addShard( "shard002/192.168.10.82:27017,192.168.10.82:27018,192.168.10.82:27019")
sh.addShard( "shard003/192.168.10.83:27017,192.168.10.83:27018,192.168.10.83:27019")

 STEP3:查看分片信息

mongos> sh.status()
--- Sharding Status ---
  sharding version: {
      "_id" : 1,
      "minCompatibleVersion" : 5,
      "currentVersion" : 6,
      "clusterId" : ObjectId("5ffc0709b040c53d59c15c66")
  }
  shards:
        {  "_id" : "shard001",  "host" : "shard001/192.168.10.81:27017,192.168.10.81:27018,192.168.10.81:27019",  "state" : 1 }
        {  "_id" : "shard002",  "host" : "shard002/192.168.10.82:27017,192.168.10.82:27018,192.168.10.82:27019",  "state" : 1 }
        {  "_id" : "shard003",  "host" : "shard003/192.168.10.83:27017,192.168.10.83:27018,192.168.10.83:27019",  "state" : 1 }
  active mongoses:
        "4.2.10" : 2
  autosplit:
        Currently enabled: yes
  balancer:
        Currently enabled:  yes
        Currently running:  no
        Failed balancer rounds in last 5 attempts:  0
        Migration Results for the last 24 hours:
                No recent migrations
  databases:
        {  "_id" : "config",  "primary" : "config",  "partitioned" : true }

mongos> 

(六)启用分片

(6.1)对数据库启用分片
分片是以集合为单位进行的,在对一个集合进行分片之前,需要先对其数据库启用分片,对数据库启用分片并不会重新分发数据,只是说明该数据库上的集合可以进行分片操作。

sh.enableSharding("lijiamandb");

(6.2)对集合启用分片

如果集合已经存在数据,必须手动创建在分片键上创建索引,然后再对集合进行分片,如果集合为空,MongoDB会在分片的时候自动在分片键上创建索引。
mongodb提供了2种策略来对集合进行分片:

  • 哈希(hash)分片,对单列使用hash索引作为分片键
sh.shardCollection("<database>.<collection>",{shard key field : "hashed"}) 
  • 范围(range)分片,可以使用多个字段作为分片键,并将数据划分为由分片键确定的连续范围
sh.shardCollection("<database>.<collection>",{<shard key field>:1,...} )

例子:对集合user进行hash分片

// 连接到mongos,进入lijiamandb数据库,对新集合users插入10万条数据
use lijiamandb

for (i=1;i<100000;i++){
  db.user.insert({
  "id" : i,
  "name" : "name"+i,
  "age" : Math.floor(Math.random()*120),
  "created" : new Date()
  });
}


// 使用mongostat可以看到,所有数据都写入到了主节点(shard2),每个数据库的主节点可能不同,可以使用sh.status()查看。
[root@mongosserver ~]# mongostat --port 27000 5 --discover
           host insert query update delete getmore command dirty used flushes mapped vsize   res faults qrw arw net_in net_out conn set repl                time
localhost:27000    352    *0     *0     *0       0   704|0                  0     0B  356M 32.0M      0 0|0 0|0   224k    140k   10      RTR Jan 15 10:52:32.046

               host insert query update delete getmore command dirty  used flushes mapped vsize   res faults qrw arw net_in net_out conn      set repl                time
192.168.10.81:27017     *0    *0     *0     *0       0     2|0  0.3%  0.8%       0        1.90G  133M    n/a 0|0 1|0   417b   9.67k   23 shard001  SEC Jan 15 10:52:32.061
192.168.10.81:27018     *0    *0     *0     *0       0     3|0  0.3%  0.8%       1        1.93G  132M    n/a 0|0 1|0  1.39k   11.0k   28 shard001  PRI Jan 15 10:52:32.067
192.168.10.81:27019     *0    *0     *0     *0       0     2|0  0.3%  0.8%       0        1.95G  148M    n/a 0|0 1|0   942b   10.2k   26 shard001  SEC Jan 15 10:52:32.070
192.168.10.82:27017    352    *0     *0     *0     407  1192|0  2.5% 11.7%       1        1.99G  180M    n/a 0|0 1|0  1.52m   1.15m   29 shard002  PRI Jan 15 10:52:32.075
192.168.10.82:27018   *352    *0     *0     *0     409   441|0  4.5%  8.9%       0        1.96G  163M    n/a 0|0 1|0   566k    650k   25 shard002  SEC Jan 15 10:52:32.085
192.168.10.82:27019   *352    *0     *0     *0       0     2|0  4.4%  9.7%       0        1.92G  168M    n/a 0|0 1|0   406b   9.51k   24 shard002  SEC Jan 15 10:52:32.093
192.168.10.83:27017     *0    *0     *0     *0       0     1|0  0.2%  0.6%       1        1.89G  130M    n/a 0|0 1|0   342b   9.17k   22 shard003  SEC Jan 15 10:52:32.099
192.168.10.83:27018     *0    *0     *0     *0       0     2|0  0.2%  0.6%       0        1.95G  139M    n/a 0|0 1|0   877b   9.92k   28 shard003  PRI Jan 15 10:52:32.107
192.168.10.83:27019     *0    *0     *0     *0       0     1|0  0.2%  0.6%       0        1.90G  133M    n/a 0|0 1|0   342b   9.17k   21 shard003  SEC Jan 15 10:52:32.113
    localhost:27000    365    *0     *0     *0       0   731|0                   0     0B  356M 32.0M      0 0|0 0|0   233k    145k   10           RTR Jan 15 10:52:37.047



// 使用分片键id创建hash分片,因为id上没有hash索引,会报错
sh.shardCollection("lijiamandb.user",{"id":"hashed"})
/* 1 */
{
    "ok" : 0.0,
    "errmsg" : "Please create an index that starts with the proposed shard key before sharding the collection",
    "code" : 72,
    "codeName" : "InvalidOptions",
    "operationTime" : Timestamp(1610679762, 4),
    "$clusterTime" : {
        "clusterTime" : Timestamp(1610679762, 4),
        "signature" : {
            "hash" : { "$binary" : "AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA=", "$type" : "00" },
            "keyId" : NumberLong(0)
        }
    }
}

// 需要手动创建hash索引
db.user.ensureIndex()

// 查看索引
/* 1 */
[
    {
        "v" : 2,
        "key" : {
            "_id" : 1
        },
        "name" : "_id_",
        "ns" : "lijiamandb.user"
    },
    {
        "v" : 2,
        "key" : {
            "id" : "hashed"
        },
        "name" : "id_hashed",
        "ns" : "lijiamandb.user"
    }
]

# 最后再重新分片即可
sh.shardCollection("lijiamandb".user,{"id":"hashed"})

到这里,我们分片集群环境已经搭建完成,接下来我们将会学习分片键的选择机制。

【完】

01-17 00:26