Zuul:Zuul 是在云平台上提供动态路由,监控,弹性,安全等边缘服务的框架。Zuul 相当于是设备和 Netflix 流应用的 Web 网站后端所有请求的前门。

在微服务盛行的时代,客户端与系统之间的交互基本上如下图:

路由网关---zuul-LMLPHP

客户端想要请求到服务,首先请求到zuul网关,然后zuul网管将请求分发到对应的服务去。

新建一个springcloud_zuul(8766),pom文件加入zuul依赖,pom文件完整代码如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.dalaoyang</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud_zuul</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging> <name>springcloud_zuul</name>
<description>springcloud_zuul</description> <parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent> <properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<spring-cloud.version>Edgware.SR1</spring-cloud.version>
</properties> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency> <dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-zuul</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies> <dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement> <build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build> </project>

然后在启动类上添加@EnableZuulProxy启动zuul,完整代码如下:

package com.dalaoyang;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy; @SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
public class SpringcloudZuulApplication { public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudZuulApplication.class, args);
} }

在配置文件加入如下配置:

##端口号
server.port=8766 ##服务名称
spring.application.name=service-zuul ##注册中心地址
eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://eureka.dalaoyang.cn/eureka/ ##zuul路由转发 service-a转发到service_ribbon
zuul.routes.service-a.path=/service-a/** zuul.routes.service-a.service-id=service_ribbon ##zuul路由转发 service-b转发到service
zuul.routes.service-b.path=/service-b/** zuul.routes.service-b.service-id=service

然后分别启动之前service(8762),service_ribbon(8764)和springcloud_zuul(8766)。

先看一下http://eureka.dalaoyang.cn,如下:

路由网关---zuul-LMLPHP

然后在浏览器上分别访问http://localhost:8766/service-a,如下

路由网关---zuul-LMLPHP

http://localhost:8766/service-b,如下

路由网关---zuul-LMLPHP

zuul网关的简单配置到这里基本上完成了。

然后介绍一个zuul的过滤器,新建一个过滤器的类RequestLogFilter,这个类需要继承ZuulFilter,需要实现几个方法。

filterType:这个方法返回过滤器的类型,pre(路由前执行),route(路由中执行),post(路由后执行),error(发生错误后执行)

filterOrder:返回一个int来指定过滤器的执行顺序

shouldFilter:返回boolean值来决定过滤器是否执行,true执行,false不执行。

run:过滤器要执行的操作。

本项目中过滤器代码如下:

package com.dalaoyang.filter;

import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; /**
* @author dalaoyang
* @Description
* @project springcloud_learn
* @package com.dalaoyang.filter
* @email [email protected]
* @date 2018/4/22
*/
public class RequestLogFilter extends ZuulFilter { Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RequestLogFilter.class); @Override
public String filterType() {
return "pre";
} @Override
public boolean shouldFilter() {
return true;
} @Override
public int filterOrder() {
return 0;
} @Override
public Object run() {
RequestContext requestContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = requestContext.getRequest();
logger.info("请求路径:"+httpServletRequest.getRequestURL().toString());
return null;
}
}

修改一下启动类:

package com.dalaoyang;

import com.dalaoyang.filter.RequestLogFilter;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; @SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy
public class SpringcloudZuulApplication { public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringcloudZuulApplication.class, args);
} @Bean
public RequestLogFilter requestLogFilter(){
return new RequestLogFilter();
}
}

在重启项目,访问http://localhost:8766/service-a,然后看控制台可以看到如下图:

路由网关---zuul-LMLPHP

有时会出现这样的情况,比如本文的service实例down了,如下图这种情况

路由网关---zuul-LMLPHP

那么在访问,就会无法转发,其实zuul也提供了失败回调的方法。

新建一个ServiceFallback类实现ZuulFallbackProvider接口,需要重写2个方法。

其中getRoute方法中可以指定为哪个微服务回退,*为所有服务。

代码如下:

package com.dalaoyang.fallback;

import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.route.ZuulFallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.client.ClientHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.nio.charset.Charset; /**
* @author dalaoyang
* @Description
* @project springcloud_learn
* @package com.dalaoyang.fallback
* @email [email protected]
* @date 2018/4/22
*/
@Component
public class ServiceFallback implements ZuulFallbackProvider { @Override
public String getRoute() {
return "*";
} @Override
public ClientHttpResponse fallbackResponse() {
return new ClientHttpResponse() {
@Override
public HttpStatus getStatusCode() throws IOException {
return HttpStatus.OK;
} @Override
public int getRawStatusCode() throws IOException {
return this.getStatusCode().value();
} @Override
public String getStatusText() throws IOException {
return this.getStatusCode().getReasonPhrase();
} @Override
public void close() { } @Override
public InputStream getBody() throws IOException {
return new ByteArrayInputStream("当前访问服务不可用!".getBytes());
} @Override
public HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
MediaType mediaType = new MediaType("application", "json",
Charset.forName("UTF-8"));
httpHeaders.setContentType(mediaType);
return httpHeaders;
}
};
}
}

重启项目,访问http://localhost:8766/service-a如下图所示:

路由网关---zuul-LMLPHP

源码下载 :大老杨码云

个人网站:https://www.dalaoyang.cn

04-30 00:05