String类的substring方法

下列程序的输出是什么？

class A { public static void main(String[] a) {
    String v = “base”;      v.concat(“ball”);
    v.substring(1,5);       System.out.println(v);  }
}

分析：由于String是不可变的，当执行v.concat("ball")时，v本身还是指向“base”，当再执行v.substring(1,5)时，会报出界异常

如下为concat的源码：可以看到，最后返回的是新的字符串

public String concat(String str) {

        int otherLen = str.length();

        if (otherLen == 0) {

            return this;

        }

        int len = value.length;

        char buf[] = Arrays.copyOf(value, len + otherLen);

        str.getChars(buf, len);

        return new String(buf, true);

    }

如下是substring源码：

public String substring(int beginIndex) {

        if (beginIndex < 0) {

            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(beginIndex);

        }

        int subLen = value.length - beginIndex;

        if (subLen < 0) {

            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(subLen);

        }

        return (beginIndex == 0) ? this : new String(value, beginIndex, subLen);

}

public String substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) {

        if (beginIndex < 0) {

            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(beginIndex);

        }

        if (endIndex > value.length) {

            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(endIndex);

        }

        int subLen = endIndex - beginIndex;

        if (subLen < 0) {

            throw new StringIndexOutOfBoundsException(subLen);

        }

        return ((beginIndex == 0) && (endIndex == value.length)) ? this

                : new String(value, beginIndex, subLen);

}