一步步Cobol 400 上手自学入门教程01 - 基础概念

先学习基础概念

1、COBOL字符：包含：

1. 　User-defined words 用户定义字符
2. ŸSystem-names
3. ŸReserved words 关键字

2、用户定义字符User-defined words：合法的定义：

1. Ÿ A - Z
2. Ÿ a - z
3. Ÿ 0 - 9
4. Ÿ - (连字符).

3、系统名 System-names

1. Computer-names
2. ŸLanguage-names
3. ŸImplementor-names:
   1. Environment-name
   2. Assignment-name

4、关键词 Reserved words

ACCEPT

ACCESS

ACQUIRE

ADD

ADDRESS

ADVANCING

AFTER

ALL

ALPHABET

ALPHABETIC

ALPHABETIC-LOWER

ALPHABETIC-UPPER

ALPHANUMERIC

ALPHANUMERIC-EDITED

ALSO

ALTER

ALTERNATE

AND

ANY

ARE

AREA

AREAS

ARITHMETIC

ASCENDING

ASSIGN

AT

AUTHOR

AUTO

AUTO-SKIP

BACKGROUND-COLOR

BACKGROUND-COLOUR

B-AND

BEEP

BEFORE

BELL

B-EXOR

BINARY

BIT

BITS

BLANK

B-LESS

BLINK

BLOCK

B-NOT

BOOLEAN

B-OR

BOTTOM

BY

CALL

CANCEL

CD

CF

CH

CHARACTER

CHARACTERS

CLASS

CLOCK-UNITS

CLOSE

COBOL

CODE

CODE-SET

COL

COLLATING

COLUMN

COMMA

COMMIT

COMMITMENT

COMMON

COMMUNICATION

COMP

COMP-

COMP-

COMPUTATIONAL

COMPUTATIONAL-

COMPUTATIONAL-

COMPUTE

CONFIGURATION

CONNECT

CONTAINED

CONTAINS

CONTENT

CONTINUE

CONTROL

CONTROL-AREA

CONTROLS

CONVERSION

CONVERTING

COPY

CORR

CORRESPONDING

COUNT

CRT

CRT-UNDER

CURRENCY

CURRENT

CURSOR

DATA

DATE

DATE-COMPILED

DATE-WRITTEN

DAY

DAY-OF-WEEK

DB

DB-ACCESS-CONTROL-KEY

DB-DATA-NAME

DB-EXCEPTION

DB-FORMAT-NAME

DB-RECORD-NAME

DB-SET-NAME

DB-STATUS

DBCS

DE

DEBUG-CONTENTS

DEBUG-ITEM

DEBUG-LINE

DEBUG-NAME

DEBUG-SUB-

DEBUG-SUB-

DEBUG-SUB-

DEBUGGING

DECIMAL-POINT

DECLARATIVES

DEFAULT

DELETE

DELIMITED

DELIMITER

DEPENDING

DESCENDING

DESTINATION

DETAIL

DISABLE

DISCONNECT

DISPLAY

DISPLAY-

DISPLAY-n

DIVIDE

DIVISION

DOWN

DROP

DUPLICATE

DUPLICATES

DYNAMIC

EGI

EJECT

ELSE

EMI

EMPTY-CHECK

ENABLE

END

END-ACCEPT

END-ADD

END-CALL

END-COMPUTE

END-DELETE

END-DIVIDE

END-EVALUATE

END-IF

END-MULTIPLY

END-OF-PAGE

END-PERFORM

END-READ

END-RECEIVE

END-RETURN

END-REWRITE

END-SEARCH

END-START

END-STRING

END-SUBTRACT

END-UNSTRING

END-WRITE

ENTER

ENVIRONMENT

EOP

EQUAL

EQUALS

ERASE

ERROR

ESI

EVALUATE

EVERY

EXCEEDS

EXCEPTION

EXCLUSIVE

EXIT

EXOR

EXTEND

EXTERNAL

EXTERNALLY-DESCRIBED-KEY

FALSE

FD

FETCH

FILE

FILE-CONTROL

FILES

FILLER

FINAL

FIND

FINISH

FIRST

FOOTING

FOR

FOREGROUND-COLOR

FOREGROUND-COLOUR

FORMAT

FREE

FROM

FULL

FUNCTION

GENERATE

GET

GIVING

GLOBAL

GO

GOBACK

GREATER

GROUP

HEADING

HIGHLIGHT

HIGH-VALUE

HIGH-VALUES

I-O

I-O-CONTROL

ID

IDENTIFICATION

IF

IN

INDEX

INDEXED

INDEX-N

INDIC

INDICATE

INDICATOR

INDICATORS

INITIAL

INITIALIZE

INITIATE

INPUT

INPUT-OUTPUT

INSPECT

INSTALLATION

INTO

INVALID

IS

JUST

JUSTIFIED

KEEP

KEY

LABEL

LAST

LD

LEADING

LEFT

LEFT-JUSTIFY

LENGTH

LENGTH-CHECK

LESS

LIKE

LIMIT

LIMITS

LINAGE

LINAGE-COUNTER

LINE

LINE-COUNTER

LINES

LINKAGE

LOCALLY

LOCK

LOW-VALUE

LOW-VALUES

MEMBER

MEMORY

MERGE

MESSAGE

MODE

MODIFIED

MODIFY

MODULES

MOVE

MULTIPLE

MULTIPLY

NATIVE

NEGATIVE

NEXT

NO

NO-ECHO

NONE

NOT

NULL

NULLS

NUMBER

NUMERIC

NUMERIC-EDITED

OBJECT-COMPUTER

OCCURS

OF

OFF

OMITTED

ON

ONLY

OPEN

OPTIONAL

OR

ORDER

ORGANIZATION

OTHER

OUTPUT

OVERFLOW

OWNER

PACKED-DECIMAL

PADDING

PAGE

PAGE-COUNTER

PERFORM

PF

PH

PIC

PICTURE

PLUS

POINTER

POSITION

POSITIVE

PRESENT

PRINTING

PRIOR

PROCEDURE

PROCEDURES

PROCEED

PROCESS

PROGRAM

PROGRAM-ID

PROMPT

PROTECTED

PURGE

QUEUE

QUOTE

QUOTES

RANDOM

RD

READ

READY

REALM

RECEIVE

RECONNECT

RECORD

RECORD-NAME

RECORDS

REDEFINES

REEL

REFERENCE

REFERENCE-MONITOR

REFERENCES

RELATION

RELATIVE

RELEASE

REMAINDER

REMOVAL

RENAMES

REPEATED

REPLACE

REPLACING

REPORT

REPORTING

REPORTS

REQUIRED

RERUN

RESERVE

RESET

RETAINING

RETRIEVAL

RETURN

RETURN-CODE

REVERSED

REVERSE-VIDEO

REWIND

REWRITE

RD

RF

RH

RIGHT

RIGHT-JUSTIFY

ROLLBACK

ROLLING

ROUNDED

RUN

SAME

SCREEN

SD

SEARCH

SECTION

SECURE

SECURITY

SEGMENT

SEGMENT-LIMIT

SELECT

SEND

SENTENCE

SEPARATE

SEQUENCE

SEQUENTIAL

SET

SHARED

SIGN

SIZE

SKIP1

SKIP2

SKIP3

SORT

SORT-MERGE

SORT-RETURN

SOURCE

SOURCE-COMPUTER

SPACE

SPACE-FILL

SPACES

SPECIAL-NAMES

STANDARD

STANDARD-

STANDARD-

START

STARTING

STATUS

STOP

STORE

STRING

SUB-QUEUE-

SUB-QUEUE-

SUB-QUEUE-

SUB-SCHEMA

SUBFILE

SUBTRACT

SUM

SUPPRESS

SYMBOLIC

SYNC

SYNCHRONIZED

TABLE

TALLYING

TAPE

TENANT

TERMINAL

TERMINATE

TEST

TEXT

THAN

THEN

THROUGH

THRU

TIME

TIMES

TITLE

TO

TOP

TRAILING

TRAILING-SIGN

TRANSACTION

TRUE

TYPE

UNDERLINE

UNEQUAL

UNIT

UNSTRING

UNTIL

UP

UPDATE

UPON

USAGE

USAGE-MODE

USE

USING

VALID

VALIDATE

VALUE

VALUES

VARYING

WAIT

WHEN

WHEN-COMPILED

WITH

WITHIN

WORDS

WORKING-STORAGE

WRITE

ZERO

ZEROES

ZERO-FILL

ZEROS

<

< =

+

*

**

-

/

>

> =

=

近500个关键字.

5、节和段 Sections and Paragraphs

层次：

Ÿ Identification Division
　　Paragraphs
　　　　Entries
　　　　　　Clauses
Ÿ Environment Division
　　Sections
　　　　Paragraphs
　　　　　　Entries
　　　　　　　　Clauses
　　　　　　　　　　Phrases
Ÿ Data Division
　　Sections
　　　　Entries
　　　　　　Clauses
　　　　　　　　Phrases
Ÿ Procedure Division
　　Sections
　　　　Paragraphs
　　　　　　Sentences
　　　　　　　　Statements
　　　　　　　　　　Phrases

备注：

4个部：

• 　　1、标识部（IDENTIFICATIONDIVISION）：用于标识程序名。
• 　　2、环境部（ENVIRONMENTDIVISION）：用于说明程序运行的环境。
• 　　3、数据部（DATADIVISION）：用于说明程序中涉及的所有数据。
• 　　4、过程部（PROCEDUREDIVISION）：是程序的核心部分，它决定计算机应进行什么操作。

部（Division)一部可包括若干节
节（Section)一节可包含若干段
段（Paragraph)一段可包含若干句子
句子（Sentence)一个句子可包含若干语句
语句(Statement)制定计算机完成一定的操作
子句(Clause)制定完成某一方面的功能

6、Cobol 代码格式

　　第1至6列为”标号区”

　　　　序列号是可选的。如果使用的话，序列号必须在列1到6

　　第7列为”续行标志区”
　　第8至此11列，称为”A区”。程序中有些内容如部头，节头，段头，层号01，层号77及文件描述符FD等应从A区开始写。
　　第12至此72列，称为”B区”。写程序中的正文部分。如过程部中的句子只能从B区开始写。
　　第73至80列，称为”注释区”。

格式演示：