前言
本篇文章主要介绍 Spring IoC 容器 getBean()
方法。
下图是一个大致的流程图:
正文
首先定义一个简单的 POJO,如下:
public class User {
private Long id;
private String name;
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
再编写一个 XML 文件。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="user" class="com.leisurexi.ioc.domain.User">
<property name="id" value="1"/>
<property name="name" value="leisurexi"/>
</bean>
</beans>
最后再来一个测试类。
@Test
public void test(){
DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(beanFactory);
reader.loadBeanDefinitions("META-INF/spring-bean.xml");
User user = beanFactory.getBean("user", User.class);
System.out.println(user);
}
上面的代码还是上篇文章的示例代码,这次我们主要分析 beanFactory.getBean()
方法。
AbstractBeanFactory#getBean
/**
* @param name bean的名称
* @param requiredType bean的类型
*/
public <T> T getBean(String name, Class<T> requiredType) throws BeansException {
// 调用 doGetBean 方法(方法以do开头实际做操作的方法)
return doGetBean(name, requiredType, null, false);
}
/**
* @param name bean的名称
* @param requiredType bean的类型
* @param args 显示传入的构造参数
* @param typeCheckOnly 是否仅仅做类型检查
*/
protected <T> T doGetBean(final String name, @Nullable final Class<T> requiredType,
@Nullable final Object[] args, boolean typeCheckOnly) throws BeansException {
// 获取bean的实际名称,见下文详解
final String beanName = transformedBeanName(name);
Object bean;
// Eagerly check singleton cache for manually registered singletons.
// 直接尝试从缓存获取或 singletonFactories 中的 ObjectFactory 中获取,见下文详解
Object sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
if (sharedInstance != null && args == null) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
logger.trace("Returning eagerly cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName +
"' that is not fully initialized yet - a consequence of a circular reference");
}
else {
logger.trace("Returning cached instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
}
}
// 检查bean是否是FactoryBean的实现。不是直接返回bean,是的话首先检查beanName是否以 & 开头
// 如果是返回FactoryBean本身,不是调用FactoryBean#getObject()返回对象
// 见下文详解
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, null);
}
else {
// Fail if we're already creating this bean instance:
// We're assumably within a circular reference.
// 只有在单例情况下才会去尝试解决循环依赖,原型模式下,如果存在A中有
// B属性,B中有A属性,那么当依赖注入时,就会产生当A还未创建完的时候
// 对于B的创建而在此返回创建A,造成循环依赖
if (isPrototypeCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);
}
// Check if bean definition exists in this factory.
// 检查当前bean的BeanDefinition是否在当前的beanFactory,不在递归调用父工厂的getBean()去获取bean
BeanFactory parentBeanFactory = getParentBeanFactory();
if (parentBeanFactory != null && !containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
// Not found -> check parent.
String nameToLookup = originalBeanName(name);
if (parentBeanFactory instanceof AbstractBeanFactory) {
return ((AbstractBeanFactory) parentBeanFactory).doGetBean(
nameToLookup, requiredType, args, typeCheckOnly);
}
else if (args != null) {
// Delegation to parent with explicit args.
return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, args);
}
else if (requiredType != null) {
// No args -> delegate to standard getBean method.
return parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup, requiredType);
}
else {
return (T) parentBeanFactory.getBean(nameToLookup);
}
}
// 如果不是仅仅做类型检查,则是创建bean,这里要进行记录
if (!typeCheckOnly) {
// 记录bean已经创建过,见下文详解
markBeanAsCreated(beanName);
}
try {
// 合并BeanDefinition,见下文详解
final RootBeanDefinition mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
checkMergedBeanDefinition(mbd, beanName, args);
// Guarantee initialization of beans that the current bean depends on.
// 实例化bean前先实例化依赖bean,也就是depends-on属性中配置的beanName
String[] dependsOn = mbd.getDependsOn();
if (dependsOn != null) {
for (String dep : dependsOn) {
// 检查是否循环依赖,即当前bean依赖dep,dep依赖当前bean,见下文详解
if (isDependent(beanName, dep)) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Circular depends-on relationship between '" + beanName + "' and '" + dep + "'");
}
// 将dep和beanName的依赖关系放入到缓存中,见下文详解
registerDependentBean(dep, beanName);
try {
// 获取依赖dep对应的bean实例,如果还未创建实例,则先去创建
getBean(dep);
}
catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"'" + beanName + "' depends on missing bean '" + dep + "'", ex);
}
}
}
// Create bean instance.
// 如果 bean 的作用域是单例
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
// 创建和注册单例 bean,见下文详解
sharedInstance = getSingleton(beanName, () -> {
try {
// 创建 bean 实例,下篇文章详解
return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
// Explicitly remove instance from singleton cache: It might have been put there
// eagerly by the creation process, to allow for circular reference resolution.
// Also remove any beans that received a temporary reference to the bean.
destroySingleton(beanName);
throw ex;
}
});
// 上文解释过,这里不再赘述
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(sharedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}
// bean 的作用域是原型
else if (mbd.isPrototype()) {
// It's a prototype -> create a new instance.
Object prototypeInstance = null;
try {
// 原型 bean 创建前回调,默认实现是将 beanName 保存到 prototypesCurrentlyInCreation 缓存中
beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
// 创建 bean 实例,下篇文章详解
prototypeInstance = createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
finally {
// 原型 bean 创建后回调,默认实现是将 beanName 从prototypesCurrentlyInCreation 缓存中移除
afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
}
// 上文解释过,这里不再赘述
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(prototypeInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}
// 自定义作用域
else {
// 获取自定义作用域名称
String scopeName = mbd.getScope();
// 获取作用域对象
final Scope scope = this.scopes.get(scopeName);
// 如果为空表示作用域未注册,抛出异常
if (scope == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("No Scope registered for scope name '" + scopeName + "'");
}
try {
// 其他 Scope 的 bean 创建(新建了一个 ObjectFactory,并且重写了 getObject 方法)
Object scopedInstance = scope.get(beanName, () -> {
// 原型 bean 创建前回调,默认实现是将 beanName 保存到 prototypesCurrentlyInCreation 缓存中
beforePrototypeCreation(beanName);
try {
// 创建 bean 实例,下篇文章详解
return createBean(beanName, mbd, args);
}
finally {
// 原型 bean 创建后回调,默认实现是将 beanName 从 prototypesCurrentlyInCreation 缓存中移除
afterPrototypeCreation(beanName);
}
});
// 上文解释过,这里不再赘述
bean = getObjectForBeanInstance(scopedInstance, name, beanName, mbd);
}
catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
"Scope '" + scopeName + "' is not active for the current thread; consider " +
"defining a scoped proxy for this bean if you intend to refer to it from a singleton",ex);
}
}
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
cleanupAfterBeanCreationFailure(beanName);
throw ex;
}
}
// Check if required type matches the type of the actual bean instance.
// 检查所需的类型是否与实际 bean 实例的类型匹配
if (requiredType != null && !requiredType.isInstance(bean)) {
try {
// 如果类型不等,进行转换,转换失败抛出异常;转换成功直接返回
T convertedBean = getTypeConverter().convertIfNecessary(bean, requiredType);
if (convertedBean == null) {
throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
}
return convertedBean;
}
catch (TypeMismatchException ex) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Failed to convert bean '" + name + "' to required type '" +
ClassUtils.getQualifiedName(requiredType) + "'", ex);
}
throw new BeanNotOfRequiredTypeException(name, requiredType, bean.getClass());
}
}
// 返回 bean 实例
return (T) bean;
}
AbstractBeanFactory#transformedBeanName
protected String transformedBeanName(String name) {
return canonicalName(BeanFactoryUtils.transformedBeanName(name));
}
// BeanFactoryUtils.java
public static String transformedBeanName(String name) {
Assert.notNull(name, "'name' must not be null");
// 如果name不是&开头,直接返回
if (!name.startsWith(BeanFactory.FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX)) {
return name;
}
// 去除name的&前缀
return transformedBeanNameCache.computeIfAbsent(name, beanName -> {
do {
beanName = beanName.substring(BeanFactory.FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX.length());
}
while (beanName.startsWith(BeanFactory.FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX));
return beanName;
});
}
// SimpleAliasRegistry.java
public String canonicalName(String name) {
String canonicalName = name;
// Handle aliasing...
String resolvedName;
// 如果name是别名,则会循环去查找bean的实际名称
do {
resolvedName = this.aliasMap.get(canonicalName);
if (resolvedName != null) {
canonicalName = resolvedName;
}
}
while (resolvedName != null);
return canonicalName;
}
上面代码首先去除 FactoryBean
的修饰符,比如 name=&aa
,那么会首先去除 &
使 name=aa
。然后取 alias
所表示的最终 beanName
。
我们这里简单介绍什么是 FactoryBean
。
一般情况下,Spring 通过反射机制利用 bean
的 class
属性指定实现类来实例化 bean
。在某些情况下,实例化 bean
过程比较复杂,如果按照传统的方式,则需要在 <bean>
中提供大量的配置信息,配置方式的灵活性是受限的,这是采用编码的方式可能会得到一个简单的方案。Spring 为此提供了 org.springframework.bean.factory.FactoryBean
的工厂类接口,用户可以通过实现该接口定制实例化 bean
的逻辑。
FactoryBean
接口对于 Spring 框架来说占有重要的地位,Spring 自身就提供了70多个 FactoryBean
的实现。它们隐藏了一下复杂 bean
的细节,给上层应用带来了便利。下面是该接口的定义:
public interface FactoryBean<T> {
// 返回由FactoryBean创建的bean实例,如果isSingleton()返回true,
// 则该实例会放到Spring容器中单例缓存池中
@Nullable
T getObject() throws Exception;
// 返回FactoryBean创建的bean类型
@Nullable
Class<?> getObjectType();
// 返回由FactoryBean创建的bean实例的作用域是singleton还是prototype
default boolean isSingleton() {
return true;
}
}
当配置文件中 <bean>
的 class
属性配置的实现类时 FactoryBean
时,通过 getBean()
返回的不是 FactoryBean
本身,而是 FactoryBean#getObject()
所返回的对象,相当于 FactoryBean#getObject()
代理了 getBean()
。下面用简单的代码演示一下:
首先定义一个 Car
实体类:
public class Car {
private Integer maxSpeed;
private String brand;
private Double price;
public Integer getMaxSpeed() {
return maxSpeed;
}
public void setMaxSpeed(Integer maxSpeed) {
this.maxSpeed = maxSpeed;
}
public String getBrand() {
return brand;
}
public void setBrand(String brand) {
this.brand = brand;
}
public Double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(Double price) {
this.price = price;
}
}
上面的实体类,如果用传统方式配置,每一个属性都会对应一个 <property>
元素标签。如果用 FactoryBean
的方式实现就会灵活一点,下面通过逗号分隔的方式一次性的为 Car
的所有属性配置值。
public class CarFactoryBean implements FactoryBean<Car> {
private String carInfo;
@Override
public Car getObject() throws Exception {
Car car = new Car();
String[] infos = carInfo.split(",");
car.setBrand(infos[0]);
car.setMaxSpeed(Integer.valueOf(infos[1]));
car.setPrice(Double.valueOf(infos[2]));
return car;
}
@Override
public Class<?> getObjectType() {
return Car.class;
}
@Override
public boolean isSingleton() {
return true;
}
public String getCarInfo() {
return carInfo;
}
public void setCarInfo(String carInfo) {
this.carInfo = carInfo;
}
}
接下来,我们在 XML 中配置。
<bean id="car" class="com.leisurexi.ioc.domain.CarFactoryBean">
<property name="carInfo" value="超级跑车,400,2000000"/>
</bean>
最后看下测试代码和运行结果:
@Test
public void factoryBeanTest() {
DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(beanFactory);
reader.loadBeanDefinitions("META-INF/spring-bean.xml");
Car car = beanFactory.getBean("car", Car.class);
System.out.println(car);
CarFactoryBean carFactoryBean = beanFactory.getBean("&car", CarFactoryBean.class);
System.out.println(carFactoryBean);
}
可以看到如果 beanName
前面加上 &
获取的是 FactoryBean
本身,不加获取的 getObject()
返回的对象。
AbstractBeanFactory#getSingleton
public Object getSingleton(String beanName) {
// allowEarlyReference设置为true表示允许早期依赖
return getSingleton(beanName, true);
}
/**
* @param allowEarlyReference 是否提前创建曝光
*/
protected Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) {
// 检查单例传中是否存在
Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
if (singletonObject == null && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
// 如果为空,锁定全局变量进行处理
synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);
if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) {
// 当某些方法需要提前初始化时则会调用addSingletonFactory方法将对应的
// ObjectFactory 初始化策略存储在 singletonFactories
ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory = this.singletonFactories.get(beanName);
if (singletonFactory != null) {
// 调用预先设定的getObject()
singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
// 记录在缓存中,earlySingletonObjects和singletonFactories
this.earlySingletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);
this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);
}
}
}
}
return singletonObject;
}
上面代码涉及到循环依赖的检测,首先尝试从 singletonObjects
里面获取实例,如果获取不到再从 earlySingletonObjects
里面获取,如果还获取不到,再尝试从 singletonFactories
里面获取 beanName
对应的 ObjectFactory
,然后调用这个 ObjectFactory
的 getObject()
来创建 bean
,并放到 earlySingletonObjects
里面去,并且从 singletonFactories
里面 remove
掉这个 ObjectFactory
,而对于后续的所有内存操作都只为了循环依赖检测时候用,也就是在 allowEarlyReference
为 true
的情况下才会使用。
这里涉及用于存储 bean
不同的 map
,下面简单解释下:
- singletonObjects:同于保存
beanName
和bean
实例之间的关系。 - singletonFactories:用于保存
beanName
和创建bean
的工厂之间的关系。 - earlySingletonObjects:也是保存
beanName
和bean
实例之间的关系,与singletonObjects
的不同之处在于,当一个单例bean
被放到这里后,那么当bean
还在创建过程中,就可以通过getBean()
获取到了,其目的是用来检测循环引用。 - registeredSingletons:用来保存当前所有已注册的
bean
。
AbstractBeanFactory#getObjectForBeanInstance
protected Object getObjectForBeanInstance(
Object beanInstance, String name, String beanName, @Nullable RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
// Don't let calling code try to dereference the factory if the bean isn't a factory.
// name 是否以 & 开头
if (BeanFactoryUtils.isFactoryDereference(name)) {
// 如果是 null 直接返回
if (beanInstance instanceof NullBean) {
return beanInstance;
}
// beanName 以 & 开头,但又不是 FactoryBean 类型,抛出异常
if (!(beanInstance instanceof FactoryBean)) {
throw new BeanIsNotAFactoryException(beanName, beanInstance.getClass());
}
// 设置 isFactoryBean 为 true
if (mbd != null) {
mbd.isFactoryBean = true;
}
// 返回 bean 实例
return beanInstance;
}
// Now we have the bean instance, which may be a normal bean or a FactoryBean.
// If it's a FactoryBean, we use it to create a bean instance, unless the
// caller actually wants a reference to the factory.
// name 不是 & 开头,并且不是 FactoryBean 类型,直接返回
if (!(beanInstance instanceof FactoryBean)) {
return beanInstance;
}
Object object = null;
if (mbd != null) {
mbd.isFactoryBean = true;
}
else {
// 从缓存中获取实例
object = getCachedObjectForFactoryBean(beanName);
}
if (object == null) {
// Return bean instance from factory.
// 将 beanInstance 强转成 FactoryBean
FactoryBean<?> factory = (FactoryBean<?>) beanInstance;
// Caches object obtained from FactoryBean if it is a singleton.
// 合并 BeanDefinition
if (mbd == null && containsBeanDefinition(beanName)) {
mbd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
}
boolean synthetic = (mbd != null && mbd.isSynthetic());
// 获取实例
object = getObjectFromFactoryBean(factory, beanName, !synthetic);
}
return object;
}
// FactoryBeanRegistrySupport.java
protected Object getObjectFromFactoryBean(FactoryBean<?> factory, String beanName, boolean shouldPostProcess) {
// 如果是单例 bean,并且已经存在缓存中
if (factory.isSingleton() && containsSingleton(beanName)) {
// 加锁
synchronized (getSingletonMutex()) {
// 从缓存中获取
Object object = this.factoryBeanObjectCache.get(beanName);
if (object == null) {
// 调用 FactoryBean 的 getObject() 获取实例
object = doGetObjectFromFactoryBean(factory, beanName);
// Only post-process and store if not put there already during getObject() call above
// (e.g. because of circular reference processing triggered by custom getBean calls)
Object alreadyThere = this.factoryBeanObjectCache.get(beanName);
// 如果该 beanName 已经在缓存中存在,则将 object 替换成缓存中的
if (alreadyThere != null) {
object = alreadyThere;
}
else {
if (shouldPostProcess) {
// 如果当前 bean 还在创建中,直接返回
if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
// Temporarily return non-post-processed object, not storing it yet.
return object;
}
// 单例 bean 创建前回调
beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);
try {
// 对从 FactoryBean 获得给定对象后处理,默认按原样返回
object = postProcessObjectFromFactoryBean(object, beanName);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(beanName,
"Post-processing of FactoryBean's singleton object failed", ex);
}
finally {
// 单例 bean 创建后回调
afterSingletonCreation(beanName);
}
}
if (containsSingleton(beanName)) {
// 将 beanName 和 object 放到 factoryBeanObjectCache 缓存中
this.factoryBeanObjectCache.put(beanName, object);
}
}
}
// 返回实例
return object;
}
}
else {
// 调用 FactoryBean 的 getObject() 获取实例
Object object = doGetObjectFromFactoryBean(factory, beanName);
if (shouldPostProcess) {
try {
// 对从 FactoryBean 获得给定对象后处理,默认按原样返回
object = postProcessObjectFromFactoryBean(object, beanName);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "Post-processing of FactoryBean's object failed", ex);
}
}
// 返回实例
return object;
}
}
// FactoryBeanRegistrySupport.java
private Object doGetObjectFromFactoryBean(final FactoryBean<?> factory, final String beanName) throws BeanCreationException {
Object object;
try {
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
AccessControlContext acc = getAccessControlContext();
try {
object = AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedExceptionAction<Object>) factory::getObject, acc);
}
catch (PrivilegedActionException pae) {
throw pae.getException();
}
}
else {
// 调用 getObject() 获取实例
object = factory.getObject();
}
}
catch (FactoryBeanNotInitializedException ex) {
throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName, ex.toString());
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(beanName, "FactoryBean threw exception on object creation", ex);
}
// Do not accept a null value for a FactoryBean that's not fully
// initialized yet: Many FactoryBeans just return null then.
// 如果 object 为 null,并且当前 singleton bean 正在创建中,抛出异常
if (object == null) {
if (isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(
beanName, "FactoryBean which is currently in creation returned null from getObject");
}
object = new NullBean();
}
// 返回 object 实例
return object;
}
上面代码总结起来就是:如果 beanName
以 &
开头,直接返回 FactoryBean
实例;否则调用 getObject()
方法获取实例,然后执行 postProcessObjectFromFactoryBean()
回调,可以在回调方法中修改实例,默认按原样返回。
AbstractBeanFactory#getMergedLocalBeanDefinition
protected RootBeanDefinition getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(String beanName) throws BeansException {
// Quick check on the concurrent map first, with minimal locking.
// 获取当前bean合并后的BeanDefinition
RootBeanDefinition mbd = this.mergedBeanDefinitions.get(beanName);
// 如果存在合并后的BeanDefinition,并且不是过期的,直接返回
if (mbd != null && !mbd.stale) {
return mbd;
}
// 获取已经注册的BeanDefinition然后去合并
return getMergedBeanDefinition(beanName, getBeanDefinition(beanName));
}
protected RootBeanDefinition getMergedBeanDefinition(String beanName, BeanDefinition bd)
throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
// 顶级bean获取合并后的BeanDefinition
return getMergedBeanDefinition(beanName, bd, null);
}
/**
* @param containingBd 如果是嵌套bean该值为顶级bean,如果是顶级bean该值为null
*/
protected RootBeanDefinition getMergedBeanDefinition(
String beanName, BeanDefinition bd, @Nullable BeanDefinition containingBd)
throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
synchronized (this.mergedBeanDefinitions) {
// 本次的RootBeanDefinition
RootBeanDefinition mbd = null;
// 以前的RootBeanDefinition
RootBeanDefinition previous = null;
// Check with full lock now in order to enforce the same merged instance.
// 如果bean是顶级bean,直接获取合并后的BeanDefinition
if (containingBd == null) {
mbd = this.mergedBeanDefinitions.get(beanName);
}
// 没有合并后的BeanDefinition || BeanDefinition过期了
if (mbd == null || mbd.stale) {
previous = mbd;
// 如果bean没有parent
if (bd.getParentName() == null) {
// Use copy of given root bean definition.
// 如果bd本身就是RootBeanDefinition直接复制一份,否则创建一个
if (bd instanceof RootBeanDefinition) {
mbd = ((RootBeanDefinition) bd).cloneBeanDefinition();
}
else {
mbd = new RootBeanDefinition(bd);
}
}
else {
// Child bean definition: needs to be merged with parent.
// bean有parent
BeanDefinition pbd;
try {
// 获取parent bean的实际名称
String parentBeanName = transformedBeanName(bd.getParentName());
if (!beanName.equals(parentBeanName)) {
// 当前beanName不等于它的parent beanName
// 获取parent合并后的BeanDefinition
pbd = getMergedBeanDefinition(parentBeanName);
}
else {
// 如果父定义的beanName与bd的beanName相同,则拿到父BeanFactory
// 只有在存在父BeanFactory的情况下,才允许父定义beanName与自己相同
BeanFactory parent = getParentBeanFactory();
if (parent instanceof ConfigurableBeanFactory) {
// 如果父BeanFactory是ConfigurableBeanFactory
// 则通过父BeanFactory获取parent合并后的BeanDefinition
pbd = ((ConfigurableBeanFactory) parent).getMergedBeanDefinition(parentBeanName);
}
else {
// 如果父BeanFactory不是ConfigurableBeanFactory,抛出异常
throw new NoSuchBeanDefinitionException(parentBeanName,
"Parent name '" + parentBeanName + "' is equal to bean name '" + beanName +
"': cannot be resolved without an AbstractBeanFactory parent");
}
}
}
catch (NoSuchBeanDefinitionException ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(bd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Could not resolve parent bean definition '" + bd.getParentName() + "'", ex);
}
// Deep copy with overridden values.
// 使用父定义pbd构建一个新的RootBeanDefinition对象(深拷贝)
mbd = new RootBeanDefinition(pbd);
// 覆盖与parent相同的属性,
mbd.overrideFrom(bd);
}
// Set default singleton scope, if not configured before.
// 如果bean没有设置scope属性,默认是singleton
if (!StringUtils.hasLength(mbd.getScope())) {
mbd.setScope(RootBeanDefinition.SCOPE_SINGLETON);
}
// A bean contained in a non-singleton bean cannot be a singleton itself.
// Let's correct this on the fly here, since this might be the result of
// parent-child merging for the outer bean, in which case the original inner bean
// definition will not have inherited the merged outer bean's singleton status.
// 当前bean是嵌套bean && 顶级bean的作用域不是单例 && 当前bean的作用域是单例
// 这里总结起来就是,如果顶层bean不是单例的,那么嵌套bean也不能是单例的
if (containingBd != null && !containingBd.isSingleton() && mbd.isSingleton()) {
// 设置当前bean的作用域和顶级bean一样
mbd.setScope(containingBd.getScope());
}
// Cache the merged bean definition for the time being
// (it might still get re-merged later on in order to pick up metadata changes)
// 当前bean是顶级bean && 缓存bean的元数据(该值默认为true)
if (containingBd == null && isCacheBeanMetadata()) {
// 将当前bean合并后的RootBeanDefinition缓存起来
this.mergedBeanDefinitions.put(beanName, mbd);
}
}
// 以前的RootBeanDefinition不为空,拷贝相关的BeanDefinition缓存
if (previous != null) {
copyRelevantMergedBeanDefinitionCaches(previous, mbd);
}
return mbd;
}
}
上面代码主要是获取 MergedBeanDefinition
,主要步骤如下:
首先从缓存中获取
bean
的MergedBeanDefinition
,如果存在并且未过期直接返回。不存在或者已过期的
MergedBeanDefinition
,获取已经注册的BeanDefinition
去作为顶级bean
合并。bean
没有parent
(就是 XML 中的 parent 属性),直接封装成RootBeanDefinition
。bean
有parent
,先去获取父MergedBeanDefinition
,然后覆盖和合并与parent
相同的属性。如果没有设置作用域,默认作用域为
singleton
。缓存
MergedBeanDefinition
。
上文中提到如果 bean
有 parent
,会合并一些属性,这里我们稍微展示一下合并后的 propertyValues
:
首先定义一个 SuperUser
继承上面定义的 User
,如下:
public class SuperUser extends User {
private String address;
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "SuperUser{" +
"address='" + address + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
然后我们在 XML 文件中配置一下,如下:
<bean id="superUser" class="com.leisurexi.ioc.domain.SuperUser" parent="user">
<property name="address" value="北京"/>
</bean>
然后下图是我 Debug 的截图,可以看到 superUser
的 propertyValues
合并了 user
的 id
和 name
属性。
上文还提到了嵌套 bean
,下面我们简单看一下什么是嵌套 bean
。
在 Spring 中,如果某个 bean
所依赖的 bean
不想被 Spring 容器直接访问,可以使用嵌套 bean
。和普通的 bean
一样,使用 bean
元素来定义嵌套的 bean
,嵌套 bean
只对它的外部 bean
有效,Spring 无法直接访问嵌套 bean
,因此定义嵌套 bean
也无需指定 id
属性。如下配置片段是一个嵌套 bean
示例:
采用上面的配置形式可以保证嵌套 bean
不能被容器访问,因此不用担心其他程序修改嵌套 bean
。外部 bean
的用法和使用结果和以前没有区别。
DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry#isDependent
protected boolean isDependent(String beanName, String dependentBeanName) {
// 加锁
synchronized (this.dependentBeanMap) {
// 检测beanName和dependentBeanName是否有循环依赖
return isDependent(beanName, dependentBeanName, null);
}
}
private boolean isDependent(String beanName, String dependentBeanName, @Nullable Set<String> alreadySeen) {
// 如果当前bean已经检测过,直接返回false
if (alreadySeen != null && alreadySeen.contains(beanName)) {
return false;
}
// 解析别名
String canonicalName = canonicalName(beanName);
// 获取canonicalName所依赖beanName集合
Set<String> dependentBeans = this.dependentBeanMap.get(canonicalName);
// 如果为空,两者还未确定依赖关系,返回false
if (dependentBeans == null) {
return false;
}
// 如果dependentBeanName已经存在于缓存中,两者已经确定依赖关系,返回true
if (dependentBeans.contains(dependentBeanName)) {
return true;
}
// 循环检查,即检查依赖canonicalName的所有beanName是否被dependentBeanName依赖(即隔层依赖)
for (String transitiveDependency : dependentBeans) {
if (alreadySeen == null) {
alreadySeen = new HashSet<>();
}
// 将已经检查过的记录下来,下次直接跳过
alreadySeen.add(beanName);
if (isDependent(transitiveDependency, dependentBeanName, alreadySeen)) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
这里的 dependentBeanMap
其实是 beanName
和其依赖的 dependentBeanName
反过来存的。比如,A 依赖 B,B 依赖 A;那么首先调用 getBean()
获取 A,然后到 isDependent()
,因为是第一次进来所以 dependentBeans
是空的直接返回 false
,接着到下面 registerDepenndentBean()
,这里先将 dependentBeanName
作为 key
,value
是添加了 beanName
的 LinkedHashSet
,添加进 dependentBeanMap
;然后因为依赖 B,所以去实例化 B,又由于 B 依赖 A,到了 isDepnedent()
,接着 dependentBeans.contains(dependentBeanName)
这行代码会返回 true
(因为在实例化 A 的过程中,已经将 B 作为 key
放入了 dependentBeanMap
),最后直接抛出 循环引用 的异常。
DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry#registerDependentBean
public void registerDependentBean(String beanName, String dependentBeanName) {
// 解析别名
String canonicalName = canonicalName(beanName);
// 加锁
synchronized (this.dependentBeanMap) {
// 获取canonicalName依赖beanName集合,如果为空默认创建一个LinkedHashSet当做默认值
Set<String> dependentBeans =
this.dependentBeanMap.computeIfAbsent(canonicalName, k -> new LinkedHashSet<>(8));
// 如果dependentBeanName已经记录过了,直接返回
if (!dependentBeans.add(dependentBeanName)) {
return;
}
}
// 加锁
synchronized (this.dependenciesForBeanMap) {
// 这里是和上面的dependentBeanMap倒过来,key为dependentBeanName
Set<String> dependenciesForBean =
this.dependenciesForBeanMap.computeIfAbsent(dependentBeanName, k -> new LinkedHashSet<>(8));
dependenciesForBean.add(canonicalName);
}
}
这个方法又引入了一个跟 dependentBeanMap
类似的缓存 dependenciesForBeanMap
。这两个缓存很容易搞混,这里再举一个简单的例子:A 依赖 B,那么 dependentBeanMap
存放的是 key
为 B,value
为含有 A 的 Set
;而 dependenciesForBeanMap
存放的是key
为 A,value
为含有 B 的 Set
。
DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry#getSingleton
public Object getSingleton(String beanName, ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory) {
Assert.notNull(beanName, "Bean name must not be null");
// 加锁
synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
// 缓存中不存在当前 bean,也就是当前 bean 第一次创建
if (singletonObject == null) {
// 如果当前正在销毁 singletons,抛出异常
if (this.singletonsCurrentlyInDestruction) {
throw new BeanCreationNotAllowedException(beanName,
"Singleton bean creation not allowed while singletons of this factory are in destruction " +
"(Do not request a bean from a BeanFactory in a destroy method implementation!)");
}
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Creating shared instance of singleton bean '" + beanName + "'");
}
// 创建单例 bean 之前的回调
beforeSingletonCreation(beanName);
boolean newSingleton = false;
boolean recordSuppressedExceptions = (this.suppressedExceptions == null);
if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
this.suppressedExceptions = new LinkedHashSet<>();
}
try {
// 获取 bean 实例,在此处才会去真正调用创建 bean 的方法,也就是 createBean 方法
singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
newSingleton = true;
}
catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
// Has the singleton object implicitly appeared in the meantime ->
// if yes, proceed with it since the exception indicates that state.
singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
if (singletonObject == null) {
throw ex;
}
}
catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
for (Exception suppressedException : this.suppressedExceptions) {
ex.addRelatedCause(suppressedException);
}
}
throw ex;
}
finally {
if (recordSuppressedExceptions) {
this.suppressedExceptions = null;
}
// 创建单例 bean 之后的回调
afterSingletonCreation(beanName);
}
if (newSingleton) {
// 将 singletonObject 放入缓存
addSingleton(beanName, singletonObject);
}
}
// 返回 bean 实例
return singletonObject;
}
}
// 单例 bean 创建前的回调方法,默认实现是将 beanName 加入到当前正在创建 bean 的缓存中
protected void beforeSingletonCreation(String beanName) {
if (!this.inCreationCheckExclusions.contains(beanName) && !this.singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.add(beanName)) {
throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName);
}
}
// 单例 bean 创建后的回调方法,默认实现是将 beanName 从当前正在创建 bean 的缓存中移除
protected void afterSingletonCreation(String beanName) {
if (!this.inCreationCheckExclusions.contains(beanName) && !this.singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.remove(beanName)) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Singleton '" + beanName + "' isn't currently in creation");
}
}
protected void addSingleton(String beanName, Object singletonObject) {
synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
// 将 bean 实例缓存起来
this.singletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);
// 移除 bean 的工厂
this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);
// bean 已经实际创建完毕,这里从早起单例缓存中删除
this.earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);
// 将 beanName 添加到已注册 bean 缓存中
this.registeredSingletons.add(beanName);
}
}
上面方法是单例 bean
的处理逻辑,主要做的就是创建 bean
实例,然后将实例放入到缓存中;然后下次再获取该 bean
是直接从缓存中获取返回。
在创建 bean
实例的前后提供了两个扩展点,分别是 beforeSingletonCreation()
和 afterSingletonCreation()
,我们可以继承 DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry
来扩展这两个方法。
自定义作用域示例
我们实现一个 ThreadLocal
级别的作用域,也就是同一个线程内 bean
是同一个实例,不同线程的 bean
是不同实例。首先我们继承 Scope
接口实现,其中方法。如下:
public class ThreadLocalScope implements Scope {
/** scope 名称,在 XML 中的 scope 属性就配置此名称 */
public static final String SCOPE_NAME = "thread-local";
private final NamedThreadLocal<Map<String, Object>> threadLocal = new NamedThreadLocal<>("thread-local-scope");
/**
* 返回实例对象,该方法被 Spring 调用
*/
@Override
public Object get(String name, ObjectFactory<?> objectFactory) {
Map<String, Object> context = getContext();
Object object = context.get(name);
if (object == null) {
object = objectFactory.getObject();
context.put(name, object);
}
return object;
}
/**
* 获取上下文 map
*/
@NonNull
private Map<String, Object> getContext() {
Map<String, Object> map = threadLocal.get();
if (map == null) {
map = new HashMap<>();
threadLocal.set(map);
}
return map;
}
@Override
public Object remove(String name) {
return getContext().remove(name);
}
@Override
public void registerDestructionCallback(String name, Runnable callback) {
// TODO
}
@Override
public Object resolveContextualObject(String key) {
Map<String, Object> context = getContext();
return context.get(key);
}
@Override
public String getConversationId() {
return String.valueOf(Thread.currentThread().getId());
}
}
上面的 ThreadLocalScope
重点关注下 get()
即可,该方法是被 Spring 调用的。
然后在 XML 中配置 bean
的 scope
为 thread-local
。如下:
<bean id="user" name="user" class="com.leisurexi.ioc.domain.User" scope="thread-local">
<property name="id" value="1"/>
<property name="name" value="leisurexi"/>
</bean>
接着我们测试一下。测试类:
@Test
public void test() throws InterruptedException {
DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = new DefaultListableBeanFactory();
// 注册自定义作用域
beanFactory.registerScope(ThreadLocalScope.SCOPE_NAME, new ThreadLocalScope());
XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(beanFactory);
reader.loadBeanDefinitions("META-INF/spring-bean.xml");
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
Thread thread = new Thread(() -> {
User user = beanFactory.getBean("user", User.class);
System.err.printf("[Thread id :%d] user = %s%n", Thread.currentThread().getId(), user.getClass().getName() + "@" + Integer.toHexString(user.hashCode()));
User user1 = beanFactory.getBean("user", User.class);
System.err.printf("[Thread id :%d] user1 = %s%n", Thread.currentThread().getId(), user1.getClass().getName() + "@" + Integer.toHexString(user1.hashCode()));
});
thread.start();
thread.join();
}
}
说一下我们这里的主要思路,新建了三个线程,查询线程内 user bean
是否相等,不同线程是否不等。
结果如下图:
总结
本文主要介绍了通过 getBean()
流程,我们可以重新梳理一下思路:
- 获取
bean
实际名称,如果缓存中存在直接取出实际bean
返回。 - 缓存中不存在,判断当前工厂是否有
BeanDefinition
,没有递归去父工厂创建bean
。 - 合并
BeanDefinition
,如果depends-on
不为空,先去初始化依赖的bean
。 - 如果
bean
的作用域是单例,调用createBean()
创建实例,这个方法会执行bean
的其它生命周期回调,以及属性赋值等操作;接着执行单例bean
创建前后的生命周期回调方法,并放入singletonObjects
缓存起来。 - 如果
bean
的作用域是原型,调用createBean()
创建实例,并执行原型bean
前后调用生命周期回调方法。 - 如果
bean
的作用域是自定义的,获取对应的Scope
对象,调用重写的get()
获取实例,并执行原型bean
前后调用生命周期回调方法。 - 最后检查所需的类型是否与实际
bean
实例的类型匹配,如果不等进行转换,最后返回实例。
最后,我模仿 Spring 写了一个精简版,代码会持续更新,现在是 0.0.1
版本。地址:https://github.com/leisurexi/tiny-spring。访问新博客地址,观看效果更佳 https://leisurexi.github.io/
参考
- 《Spring 源码深度解析》—— 郝佳