MVC异常处理主要有三种方案：1.基于HandleErrorAttribute重写OnException方法；2.基于Global.apsx添加Application_Error方法；3.直接在Web.Config中配置。现基于上述思路，测试了下面三种自定义错误页面的处理方法（主要侧重于显示异常信息，便于快速找到代码中的异常来源），以便后续查阅。不足之处，还请指教！
1.直接在web.config的<system.web>节点下加入<customErrors mode="On" />，在View/Shared/Error.cshtml中写入异常信息，发生异常时会跳转到该l页面。
<system.web>
<customErrors mode="On" />
<compilation debug="true" targetFramework="4.0">
<assemblies>
<add assembly="System.Web.Abstractions, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
<add assembly="System.Web.Helpers, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
<add assembly="System.Web.Routing, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
<add assembly="System.Web.Mvc, Version=3.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
<add assembly="System.Web.WebPages, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />
</assemblies>
</compilation>
<authentication mode="Forms">
<forms loginUrl="~/Account/LogOn" timeout="" />
</authentication>
<pages>
<namespaces>
<add namespace="System.Web.Helpers" />
<add namespace="System.Web.Mvc" />
<add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Ajax" />
<add namespace="System.Web.Mvc.Html" />
<add namespace="System.Web.Routing" />
<add namespace="System.Web.WebPages"/>
</namespaces>
</pages>
</system.web>
Web.Config
@model HandleErrorInfo
@{
Layout = null;
} <!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Error</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Message: @Model.Exception.Message</p>
<p>Controller: @Model.ControllerName</p>
<p>Action: @Model.ActionName</p>
<p>Source: @Model.Exception.Source</p>
<p>Exception: @Model.Exception</p>
</body>
</html>
Error.html
2.新建类继承HandleErrorAttribute并重写OnException方法，将异常信息写入日志文件，并跳转到View/Shared/Error.cshtml错误页。直接将该属性作用于某控制器或者注册为全局变量以便于全局适用。
[AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class, Inherited = true, AllowMultiple = false)]
public class LogExceptionAttribute : HandleErrorAttribute
{
public override void OnException(ExceptionContext filterContext)
{
string controllerName = (string)filterContext.RouteData.Values["controller"];
string actionName = (string)filterContext.RouteData.Values["action"];
HandleErrorInfo info = new HandleErrorInfo(filterContext.Exception, controllerName, actionName); Log log = new Log();
log.Write(filterContext); if (!filterContext.ExceptionHandled)
{ filterContext.Result = new ViewResult()
{
ViewName = "/Views/Shared/Error.cshtml",
ViewData = new ViewDataDictionary<HandleErrorInfo>(info)
};
filterContext.ExceptionHandled = true;
filterContext.HttpContext.Response.TrySkipIisCustomErrors = true;
}
}
}
LogExceptionAttribute
错误页写入异常信息与方法1相同。
[LogException]
public class HomeController : Controller
{
//
// GET: /Home/ public ActionResult Index()
{
var x=;
string y="x";
ViewBag.t = x / Convert.ToInt32(y);
return View();
}
}
作用于单一控制器
public class MvcApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
{
public static void RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilterCollection filters)
{
filters.Add(new HandleErrorAttribute());
//new
filters.Add(new LogExceptionAttribute());
} public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
{
routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); routes.MapRoute(
"Default", // 路由名称
"{controller}/{action}/{id}", // 带有参数的 URL
new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } // 参数默认值
); } protected void Application_Start()
{
AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);
RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
}
}
特性注册
3.新建继承于IController的基础控制器，重写OnException方法及写入异常日志文件，其他控制器只需要继承该基础控制器即可。与方法3的区别在于不需要注册全局筛选器取而代之的是控制器的继承。
public class BaseController : Controller
{
protected override void OnException(ExceptionContext filterContext)
{
string controllerName = (string)filterContext.RouteData.Values["controller"];
string actionName = (string)filterContext.RouteData.Values["action"];
HandleErrorInfo info = new HandleErrorInfo(filterContext.Exception, controllerName, actionName); DateTime dt = DateTime.Now;
string logPath = Server.MapPath("~/Logs/" + dt.ToString("yyyy-MM"));
if (!Directory.Exists(logPath))
{
Directory.CreateDirectory(logPath);
}
string logFilePath = string.Format("{0}/{1}.txt", logPath, dt.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"));
StreamWriter writer = null;
try
{
writer = new StreamWriter(logFilePath, true, Encoding.UTF8);
writer.WriteLine("------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
writer.WriteLine("出错时间：" + DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
writer.WriteLine("错误信息：" + filterContext.Exception.Message);
writer.WriteLine("Controller：" + filterContext.Controller);
writer.WriteLine("错误源：" + filterContext.Exception.Source);
writer.WriteLine("堆栈信息：" + filterContext.Exception.StackTrace);
writer.WriteLine("------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
}
catch
{
}
finally
{
if (writer != null)
{
writer.Close();
}
}
base.OnException(filterContext);
filterContext.Result = new ViewResult()
{
ViewName = "/Views/Shared/Error.cshtml",
ViewData = new ViewDataDictionary<HandleErrorInfo>(info)
};
} public ActionResult Error()
{
return View();
}
}
基础控制器实现
public class HomeController : BaseController
{
//
// GET: /Home/ public ActionResult Index()
{
var x=;
string y="x";
ViewBag.t = x / Convert.ToInt32(y);
return View();
}
}
控制器继承
备注：异常日志记录类
public class Log
{
/// <summary>
/// 异常信息记录
/// </summary>
/// <param name="filterContext"></param>
public void Write(ExceptionContext filterContext)
{
DateTime dt = DateTime.Now;
string logPath = HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/Logs/" + dt.ToString("yyyy-MM"));
if (!Directory.Exists(logPath))
{
Directory.CreateDirectory(logPath);
}
string logFilePath = string.Format("{0}/{1}.txt", logPath, dt.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd"));
StreamWriter writer = null;
try
{
writer = new StreamWriter(logFilePath, true, Encoding.UTF8);
writer.WriteLine("------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
writer.WriteLine("出错时间：" + DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
writer.WriteLine("错误信息：" + filterContext.Exception.Message);
writer.WriteLine("Controller：" + filterContext.Controller);
writer.WriteLine("错误源：" + filterContext.Exception.Source);
writer.WriteLine("堆栈信息：" + filterContext.Exception.StackTrace);
writer.WriteLine("------------------------------------------------------------------------------");
}
catch
{
}
finally
{
if (writer != null)
{
writer.Close();
}
}
}
}
Log
4.还可以通过Global.apsx添加Application_Error方法来实现，但实验过程中不怎么喜欢这种方案，故省略。