P1582 倒水:https://www.luogu.org/problemnew/show/P1582
题意:
给定n瓶装有1升的水瓶,每次可以把两瓶装水量相同的水和成一瓶,问最少还要增加几瓶装有1升的水瓶,使得最后装水的瓶子减少为k瓶以下。
思路:
这道题没想到用到了二进制,最后水瓶中的容量一定是2的指数次,利用lowbit函数可以知道一个数加到2的某个指数次需要多少个数。每次我们就给n加上lowbit(n),如果n在二进制表示中,1的总个数小于k,则加够了。这个计数也可以用lowbit(),或者直接用内置函数__builtin_popcount(n)/
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iomanip>
#include <bitset>
#include <cctype>
#include <cstdio>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <stack>
#include <cmath>
#include <queue>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <cassert>
using namespace std;
//#pragma GCC optimize(3)
//#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:102400000,102400000") //c++
#define lson (l , mid , rt << 1)
#define rson (mid + 1 , r , rt << 1 | 1)
#define debug(x) cerr << #x << " = " << x << "\n";
#define pb push_back
#define pq priority_queue typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull; typedef pair<ll ,ll > pll;
typedef pair<int ,int > pii;
typedef pair<int,pii> p3; //priority_queue<int> q;//这是一个大根堆q
//priority_queue<int,vector<int>,greater<int> >q;//这是一个小根堆q
#define fi first
#define se second
//#define endl '\n' #define OKC ios::sync_with_stdio(false);cin.tie(0)
#define FT(A,B,C) for(int A=B;A <= C;++A) //用来压行
#define REP(i , j , k) for(int i = j ; i < k ; ++i)
//priority_queue<int ,vector<int>, greater<int> >que; const ll mos = 0x7FFFFFFF; //
const ll nmos = 0x80000000; //-2147483648
const int inf = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const ll inff = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f; //
const int mod = 1e9+;
const double esp = 1e-;
const double PI=acos(-1.0); template<typename T>
inline T read(T&x){
x=;int f=;char ch=getchar();
while (ch<''||ch>'') f|=(ch=='-'),ch=getchar();
while (ch>=''&&ch<='') x=x*+ch-'',ch=getchar();
return x=f?-x:x;
} /*-----------------------showtime----------------------*/
int cnt(int x){
int sum = ;
while(x > ){
x-=x&(-x);
sum++;
}
return sum;
}
int main(){
int n,k,ans = ;
scanf("%d%d", &n, &k);
// while(__builtin_popcount(n)>k){
while(cnt(n) > k){
ans += n & (-n);
n += n&(-n);
}
printf("%d\n",ans);
return ;
}
P1582