1.Prometheus的主要特征及概述
概述:
Prometheus(由go语言(golang)开发)是一套开源的监控&报警&时间序列数据库的组合。适合监控docker容器。因为kubernetes(俗称k8s)的流行带动了prometheus的发展。
时间序列数据特点:
1.性能好
2.存储成本低,高效的压缩算法,节省存储空间,有效降低IO。
Prometheus有着非常高效的时间序列数据存储方法,每个采样数据仅仅占用3.5byte左右空间,上百万条时间序列,30秒间隔,保留60天,大概花了200多G(来自官方数据)
特征:
1.多维度数据模型
2.灵活的查询语言
3.不依赖分布式存储,单个服务器节点是自主的
4.以HTTP方式,通过pull模型拉去时间序列数据
5.也可以通过中间网关支持push模型
6.通过服务发现或者静态配置,来发现目标服务对象
7.支持多种多样的图表和界面展示
2.普罗米修斯原理架构图
3.下载安装启动Prometheus
官网下载地址:https://prometheus.io/download/
//下载
wgt https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.35.0/prometheus-2.35.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
//解压
tar -xf prometheus-2.35.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local
//改名
mv prometheus-2.35.0.linux-amd64 prometheus
//默认启动
nohup ./prometheus --config.file="/usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml" &
//端口检查
lsof -i:9090
ss -naltp |grep 9090
//浏览器访问192.168.0.215:9090
4.web客户端操作
//浏览器访问192.168.0.215:9090
默认监控本机
5.默认图像
6.目录解释
console_libraries目录:
consoles目录:
LICENSE问价:
NOTICE文件:
prometheus文件:默认启动的可执行文件
prometheus.yml配置文件:默认配置文件
promtool文件:
7.配置文件
vi prometheus.yml
global:
scrape_interval: 60s # 拉取时间间隔
evaluation_interval: 60s # 告警时间间隔
- job_name: "prometheus" #监控名称取名字
static_configs:
- targets: ["localhost:9090"] #被监控机器的ip和端口
8.监控指标
指标配置下载:https://prometheus.io/download/
8.1.监控其他机器node_exporter
在其他机器安装node_exporter,端口9100
第一步:下载安装node_exporter
//下载
wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.3.1/node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
//解压
tar -xf node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
//改名
mv node_exporter-1.3.1.linux-amd64 node_exporter
//启动
nohup /usr/local/node_exporter/node_exporter &
//浏览器输入,监控数据,端口9100
http://192.168.0.216:9100/metrics
第二步:配置到prometheus
vi /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml
- job_name: "node"
static_configs:
- targets: ["192.168.0.216:9100"]
labels:
instance: 192.168.0.216
group: node
- targets: ["192.168.0.247:9100"]
labels:
instance: 192.168.0.247
group: node
- targets: ["192.168.0.235:9100"]
labels:
instance: 192.168.0.235
group: node
- targets: ["192.168.0.236:9100"]
labels:
instance: 192.168.0.236
group: node
//重启prometheus
lsof -i:9090
kill -9 xxxx
nohup ./prometheus &
查看:
8.2监控mysql指标mysqld_exporter
第一步:下载安装mysqld_exporter
端口:9104
//下载
wget https://github.com/prometheus/mysqld_exporter/releases/download/v0.14.0/mysqld_exporter-0.14.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
//解压
tar -xf mysqld_exporter-0.14.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
//改名
mv mysqld_exporter-0.14.0.linux-amd64 mysqld_exporter
//创建mysqld_exporter需要使用mysql的用户名和密码,文件需要手动创建
vi /usr/local/mysqld_exporter/my.cnf
[client]
host=192.168.0.215
user=root
password=123456
port=3306
//启动mysqld_exporter
nohup ./mysqld_exporter --config.my-cnf=./my.cnf &
//检查端口
lsof -i:9104
第二步:配置到prometheus
vi /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml
- job_name: "sg-215-mysql"
static_configs:
- targets: ["192.168.0.215:9104"]
//重启prometheus
lsof -i:9090
kill -9 xxxx
nohup ./prometheus &
查看:
8.3监控postgres指标postgres_exporter
第一步:下载安装postgres_exporter
//下载
wget https://github.com/prometheus-community/postgres_exporter/releases/download/v0.10.1/postgres_exporter-0.10.1.linux-386.tar.gz
//解压
tar -xf postgres_exporter-0.10.1.linux-386.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
//改名
mv postgres_exporter-0.10.1.linux-386 postgres_exporter
//添加环境变量
export DATA_SOURCE_NAME="postgresql://postgres:[email protected]:32432/postgres?sslmode=disable"
//启动
nohup ./postgres_exporter &
//浏览器输入:http://192.168.0.215:9187/metrics
第二步:配置到prometheus
- job_name: "postgreSql"
static_configs:
- targets: ["192.168.0.215:9187"]
labels:
instance: 192.168.0.247:32432
group: postgreSql
- targets: ["192.168.0.216:9187"]
labels:
instance: hk-center.pg.rds.aliyuncs.com:5432
group: postgreSql
8.4监控redis指标redis_exporter
第一步:下载安装redis_exporter
//下载
wget https://github.com/oliver006/redis_exporter/releases/download/v1.37.0/redis_exporter-v1.37.0.linux-386.tar.gz
//解压
tar -xf redis_exporter-v1.37.0.linux-386.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
//改名
mv redis_exporter-v1.37.0.linux-386 redis_exporter
//启动
./redis_exporter -help //查看参数
nohup ./redis_exporter -redis.addr 192.168.0.247:30279 & //无密码
nohup ./redis_exporter -redis.addr 192.168.0.247:30279 -redis.password 123456 & //有密码
//浏览器输入:http://192.168.0.215:9121/metrics
第二步:配置到prometheus
- job_name: "redis"
static_configs:
- targets: ["192.168.0.215:9121"]
labels:
instance: 192.168.0.247:30279
group: redis
9.监控站点
9.1blackbox_exporter应用场景
HTTP 测试: 定义 Request Header 信息、判断 Http status / Http Respones Header / Http Body 内容
TCP 测试: 业务组件端口状态监听、应用层协议定义与监听
ICMP 测试: 主机探活机制
POST 测试: 接口联通性
SSL证书过期时间
9.2下载安装blackbox_exporter
https://prometheus.io/download/
//下载
wget https://github.com/prometheus/blackbox_exporter/releases/download/v0.20.0/blackbox_exporter-0.20.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
//解压
tar -xf blackbox_exporter-0.20.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
//改名
mv blackbox_exporter-0.20.0.linux-amd64 blackbox_exporter
//启动
nohup ./blackbox_exporter &
//浏览器输入http://192.168.0.215:9115/
9.3网站监控-prometheus配置
vi /usr/local/prometheus/prometheus.yml
//重启prometheus
lsof -i:9090
kill -9 xxxx
nohup ./prometheus &
网站监控:
- job_name: 'http_status'
metrics_path: /probe
params:
module: [http_2xx]
static_configs:
- targets: ['https://admin.d.blueshark.com']
labels:
instance: admin.d.blueshark.com
group: web
- targets: ['https://admin.k.blueshark.com']
labels:
instance: admin.k.blueshark.com
group: web
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__address__]
target_label: __param_target
- target_label: __address__
replacement: 192.168.0.215:9115
9.4ping检测-prometheus配置
ping检测:
- job_name: 'ping_status'
metrics_path: /probe
params:
module: [icmp]
static_configs:
- targets: ['192.168.0.249']
labels:
instance: 'ping_status'
group: 'icmp'
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__address__]
target_label: __param_target
- target_label: __address__
replacement: 192.168.0.215:9115
9.5端口检测--prometheus配置
端口检测:
- job_name: 'port_status'
metrics_path: /probe
params:
module: [tcp_connect]
static_configs:
- targets: ['192.168.0.215:80', '192.168.0.216:80', '192.168.0.217:80']
labels:
instance: 'port_status'
group: 'port'
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__address__]
target_label: __param_target
- target_label: __address__
replacement: 192.168.0.215:9115