CSharpGL(28)得到高精度可定制字形贴图的极简方法

回顾

以前我用SharpFont实现了解析TTF文件从而获取字形贴图的功能,并最终实现了用OpenGL渲染文字。

CSharpGL(28)得到高精度可定制字形贴图的极简方法-LMLPHP

CSharpGL(28)得到高精度可定制字形贴图的极简方法-LMLPHP

使用SharpFont,美中不足的是:

SharpFont太大了,有上千行代码,且逻辑复杂难懂。

SharpFont画出的字形精度有限,虽然也很高,但是确实有限。用OpenGL渲染出来后会发现边缘不是特别清晰。

SharpFont对加粗、斜体、下划线、删除线如何支持,能否支持?完全不知道。

Graphics+Font

最近我在分析GLGUI(https://github.com/bitzhuwei/GLGUI)的代码时,惊喜地发现它给出了一个极其简单的方案,就是SizeF MeasureString(string text, Font font);和DrawString(string s, Font font, Brush brush, float x, float y);。

Graphics.MeasureString()能够得到任意字符串的Size。

Graphics.DrawString()能把任意字符串写到Bitmap上。

单个字形

首先我们要得到每个字形的Size。

由于MeasureString()返回的字形宽度大于字形实际宽度,所以需要缩减一下。

         /// <summary>
/// Get glyph's size by graphics.MeasureString().
/// Then shrink glyph's size.
/// xoffset now means offset in a single glyph's bitmap.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fontBitmap"></param>
/// <param name="charSet"></param>
/// <param name="singleCharWidth"></param>
/// <param name="singleCharHeight"></param>
private static void PrepareInitialGlyphDict(FontBitmap fontBitmap, string charSet, out int singleCharWidth, out int singleCharHeight)
{
// Get glyph's size by graphics.MeasureString().
{
int maxWidth = , maxHeight = ; float fontSize = fontBitmap.GlyphFont.Size; using (var bitmap = new Bitmap(, , PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb))
{
using (Graphics graphics = Graphics.FromImage(bitmap))
{
foreach (char c in charSet)
{
SizeF size = graphics.MeasureString(c.ToString(), fontBitmap.GlyphFont);
var info = new GlyphInfo(, , (int)size.Width, (int)size.Height);
fontBitmap.GlyphInfoDictionary.Add(c, info);
if (maxWidth < (int)size.Width) { maxWidth = (int)size.Width; }
if (maxHeight < (int)size.Height) { maxHeight = (int)size.Height; }
}
}
}
singleCharWidth = maxWidth;
singleCharHeight = maxHeight;
}
// shrink glyph's size.
// xoffset now means offset in a single glyph's bitmap.
{
using (var bitmap = new Bitmap(singleCharWidth, singleCharHeight))
{
using (var graphics = Graphics.FromImage(bitmap))
{
Color clearColor = Color.FromArgb(, , , );
foreach (var item in fontBitmap.GlyphInfoDictionary)
{
if (item.Key == ' ' || item.Key == '\t' || item.Key == '\r' || item.Key == '\n') { continue; } graphics.Clear(clearColor);
graphics.DrawString(item.Key.ToString(), fontBitmap.GlyphFont, Brushes.White, , );
BitmapData data = bitmap.LockBits(new Rectangle(, , bitmap.Width, bitmap.Height), ImageLockMode.ReadOnly, PixelFormat.Format24bppRgb);
RetargetGlyphRectangleInwards(data, item.Value);
bitmap.UnlockBits(data);
}
}
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// Returns true if the given pixel is empty (i.e. black)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="bitmapData"></param>
/// <param name="x"></param>
/// <param name="y"></param>
private static unsafe bool IsEmptyPixel(BitmapData bitmapData, int x, int y)
{
var addr = (byte*)(bitmapData.Scan0) + bitmapData.Stride * y + x * ;
return (*addr == && *(addr + ) == && *(addr + ) == );
} /// <summary>
/// shrink glyph's width to fit in exactly.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="bitmapData"></param>
/// <param name="glyph"></param>
private static void RetargetGlyphRectangleInwards(BitmapData bitmapData, GlyphInfo glyph)
{
int startX, endX; {
bool done = false;
for (startX = glyph.xoffset; startX < bitmapData.Width; startX++)
{
for (int j = glyph.yoffset; j < glyph.yoffset + glyph.height; j++)
{
if (!IsEmptyPixel(bitmapData, startX, j))
{
done = true;
break;
}
}
if (done) { break; }
}
}
{
bool done = false;
for (endX = glyph.xoffset + glyph.width - ; endX >= ; endX--)
{
for (int j = glyph.yoffset; j < glyph.yoffset + glyph.height; j++)
{
if (!IsEmptyPixel(bitmapData, endX, j))
{
done = true;
break;
}
}
if (done) { break; }
}
} if (endX < startX)
{
//startX = endX = glyph.xoffset;
glyph.width = ;
}
else
{
glyph.xoffset = startX;
glyph.width = endX - startX + ;
}
}

PrepareInitialGlyphDict

如下图所示,这是经过这一步后得到的字形信息:height、width和xoffset。这里xoffset暂时描述了单个字形的左边距,在最后,xoffset会描述字形左上角在整个贴图中的位置。

CSharpGL(28)得到高精度可定制字形贴图的极简方法-LMLPHP

最后贴图的Size

由于在创建Bitmap对象时就得指定它的Size,所以这一步要先算出这个Size。

为了能够尽可能使用最小的贴图,我们按下图所示的方式依次排布所有字形。

CSharpGL(28)得到高精度可定制字形贴图的极简方法-LMLPHP

如上图所示,每个黑框代表一个字形,尽量按正方形来排布,结束后就能得到所需的Size(width和height)

制作贴图

万事俱备,可以创建贴图了。

按照上一步的方式来排布各个字形,并且这次真的把字形贴上去。

         /// <summary>
/// Print the final bitmap that contains all glyphs.
/// And also setup glyph's xoffset, yoffset.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fontBitmap"></param>
/// <param name="singleCharWidth"></param>
/// <param name="singleCharHeight"></param>
/// <param name="width"></param>
/// <param name="height"></param>
private static void PrintBitmap(FontBitmap fontBitmap, int singleCharWidth, int singleCharHeight, int width, int height)
{
var bitmap = new Bitmap(width, height);
using (var graphics = Graphics.FromImage(bitmap))
{
using (var glyphBitmap = new Bitmap(singleCharWidth, singleCharHeight))
{
using (var glyphGraphics = Graphics.FromImage(glyphBitmap))
{
int currentX = leftMargin, currentY = ;
Color clearColor = Color.FromArgb(, , , );
foreach (KeyValuePair<char, GlyphInfo> item in fontBitmap.GlyphInfoDictionary)
{
glyphGraphics.Clear(clearColor);
glyphGraphics.DrawString(item.Key.ToString(), fontBitmap.GlyphFont,
Brushes.White, , );
// move to new line if this line is full.
if (currentX + item.Value.width > width)
{
currentX = leftMargin;
currentY += singleCharHeight;
}
// draw the current glyph.
graphics.DrawImage(glyphBitmap,
new Rectangle(currentX, currentY, item.Value.width, item.Value.height),
item.Value.ToRectangle(),
GraphicsUnit.Pixel);
// move line cursor to next(right) position.
item.Value.xoffset = currentX;
item.Value.yoffset = currentY;
// prepare for next glyph's position.
currentX += item.Value.width + glyphInterval;
}
}
}
} fontBitmap.GlyphBitmap = bitmap;
}

PrintBitmap

结果示意图如下。

CSharpGL(28)得到高精度可定制字形贴图的极简方法-LMLPHP

Demo

为了便于debug和观看效果,我在CSharpGL.Demos里加了下面这个Demo。你可以指定任意字体,设置是否启用加粗、斜体、下划线、删除线等效果。

CSharpGL(28)得到高精度可定制字形贴图的极简方法-LMLPHP

用OpenGL渲染文字时,边缘的效果也很令人满意了。

CSharpGL(28)得到高精度可定制字形贴图的极简方法-LMLPHP

CSharpGL(28)得到高精度可定制字形贴图的极简方法-LMLPHP

总结

由于使用了.NET自带的Graphics和Font类型,就完全去掉了SharpFont那上千行代码。CSharpGL.dll由此下降了200K。效果增强,体积下降,代码简化,各个方面都获得提升。

05-02 23:29