一、跟着项目先来看下structs怎么执行的

     首先看下web.xml配置文件,下面有如下代码

  <filter>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>

这是一个过滤器,过滤器不管是Java还是.net的人都清楚,简单说一下拦截Http的请求,所以上面这段配置就很清楚启动一个Filter来拦截自与客户端的请求,这里我们先不关心源码方面的东西就在表面上走,之后在下面说Struts2内部怎么处理的;

接下来我们看下struts.xml下面的配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd"> <struts>
<constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring" />
<constant name="struts.ui.theme" value="simple"/>
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
<constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8" />
<package name="store" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<action name="login" method="login" class="userAction">
<result name="success">/WEB-INF/login.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>

这里我也不讲那些属性是那些意思,网上很多自己查,我们就看下action配置,这里我们是通过Spring集成的所以我们那个class属性放入了bean那个id的名字,当然这里我就不进行替换成文件的全限定名了,我就解释下下面这段话的意思,查找一个叫做userAction类下面有个叫llogin方法名的方法,如果返回success就转发到login.jsp的页面上。

这个地方加一下Struts页面跳转方式的介绍吧:

1.dispather这个是默认的配置转发,页面跳转属于同一个线程,Action中数据始终存在,简单一点说这是一个请求;

2.redirect这个当接收到状态码的时候,重新请求服务器资源返回到客户端,这个地方意味是产生两个请求,原来请求的数据是无法访问到的;

3.redirectAction 这个相当于重新定向到另外一个Action,这个与redirect方式都是重新生成一个新的请求,但是这个redirectAction是使用ActionMapperFactory提供的ActionMapper来重定向请求。

4.chain这个可以在多个action之间跳转,处于chain中的action属于同一个http请求,共享一个ActionContext,由于是同一个请求所以请求参数和属性都可以保留,可以理解为2和3的增强版,新增功能保留请求的数据。

5.stream 这个文件下载时候使用的

.net到Java那些事儿--structs做了那些事(二)-LMLPHP

基本上就是上面这个样子,中间少了一个过滤器,没事下面重点就是他;

二、structs内部是怎么匹配的

     上面我们再看web.xml配置的时候我们看到过滤器配置,现在我们就把他解剖一下;

// 这里继承Filter进行实现,那么我们就按照Filter的方式来读一下这个源码

public class StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter implements StrutsStatics, Filter {
protected PrepareOperations prepare;
protected ExecuteOperations execute;
protected List<Pattern> excludedPatterns = null;
//init实现初始化配置信息
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
InitOperations init = new InitOperations();
Dispatcher dispatcher = null;//这个是初始配置时候的重点对象
try {//主要用来存储filter
FilterHostConfig config = new FilterHostConfig(filterConfig);
init.initLogging(config);//加载日志的配置
dispatcher = init.initDispatcher(config);//这个地方主要为了初始化这个对象,同时加载一些重要的配置文件
init.initStaticContentLoader(config, dispatcher);//静态文件的加载
//初始化类属性
prepare = new PrepareOperations(dispatcher);
execute = new ExecuteOperations(dispatcher);
this.excludedPatterns = init.buildExcludedPatternsList(dispatcher);
postInit(dispatcher, filterConfig);
} finally {
if (dispatcher != null) {
dispatcher.cleanUpAfterInit();
}
init.cleanup();
}
}
protected void postInit(Dispatcher dispatcher, FilterConfig filterConfig) {
}
*/
public Dispatcher initDispatcher( HostConfig filterConfig ) {
Dispatcher dispatcher = createDispatcher(filterConfig);
//主要用来加载配置文件
dispatcher.init();
return dispatcher;
} /**
* Initializes the static content loader with the filter configuration
*/
public StaticContentLoader initStaticContentLoader( HostConfig filterConfig, Dispatcher dispatcher ) {
StaticContentLoader loader = dispatcher.getContainer().getInstance(StaticContentLoader.class);
loader.setHostConfig(filterConfig);
return loader;
}/**
* Create a {@link Dispatcher}
*/
private Dispatcher createDispatcher( HostConfig filterConfig ) {
Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
//将参数存放到Map中
for ( Iterator e = filterConfig.getInitParameterNames(); e.hasNext(); ) {
String name = (String) e.next();
String value = filterConfig.getInitParameter(name);
params.put(name, value);
}
return new Dispatcher(filterConfig.getServletContext(), params);
}
    /**
* Load configurations, including both XML and zero-configuration strategies,
* and update optional settings, including whether to reload configurations and resource files.
*/ //这个主要初始化加载一些文件,我是感觉这里写的代码真好起码比我写的好太多了,一个人是否优秀在代码确实能看出很多来我自愧不如
public void init() { if (configurationManager == null) {
configurationManager = createConfigurationManager(DefaultBeanSelectionProvider.DEFAULT_BEAN_NAME);
} try {
init_FileManager();
init_DefaultProperties(); // [1]
init_TraditionalXmlConfigurations(); // [2]
init_LegacyStrutsProperties(); // [3]
init_CustomConfigurationProviders(); // [5]
init_FilterInitParameters() ; // [6]
init_AliasStandardObjects() ; // [7] Container container = init_PreloadConfiguration();
container.inject(this);
init_CheckWebLogicWorkaround(container); if (!dispatcherListeners.isEmpty()) {
for (DispatcherListener l : dispatcherListeners) {
l.dispatcherInitialized(this);
}
}
errorHandler.init(servletContext); } catch (Exception ex) {
if (LOG.isErrorEnabled())
LOG.error("Dispatcher initialization failed", ex);
throw new StrutsException(ex);
}
}

以上基本上加载配置文件的过程,这里面有几个值得学习的方法,日志加载的抽象类可以兼容日志插件,还有init方法中清晰明了一步一步,我感觉这可能就是看源码的好处;最近正在Bob大叔的代码的整洁之道,在这里我算是看到了。

接下来我们看重点,请求拦截到以后Struts帮我们做了什么吧!

    public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {

        HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res; try {//这个地方有配置就放行
if (excludedPatterns != null && prepare.isUrlExcluded(request, excludedPatterns)) {
chain.doFilter(request, response);
} else {
prepare.setEncodingAndLocale(request, response);//设置编码
prepare.createActionContext(request, response);//创建Action请求的上下文
prepare.assignDispatcherToThread();//将这个对象放入线程
request = prepare.wrapRequest(request);//包装请求对象
ActionMapping mapping = prepare.findActionMapping(request, response, true);//查找action
if (mapping == null) {//找不到就查找静态的资源
boolean handled = execute.executeStaticResourceRequest(request, response);
if (!handled) {
chain.doFilter(request, response);
}
} else {//找到以后执行
execute.executeAction(request, response, mapping);
}
}
} finally {
prepare.cleanupRequest(request);
}
}

设置编码这块就不要看了挺简单的封装,我们这里看创建action这个作者玩的高招,学习下哈哈

  public ActionContext createActionContext(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
ActionContext ctx;
Integer counter = 1;
Integer oldCounter = (Integer) request.getAttribute(CLEANUP_RECURSION_COUNTER);
if (oldCounter != null) {
counter = oldCounter + 1;
}
//这个地方玩的比较高大上,这里每次请求都会创建Actioncontext这个对象,并做相同的初始化,改地方使用了ThreadLocal
ActionContext oldContext = ActionContext.getContext();
if (oldContext != null) {
// 这个地方我认为可能是分开部署的时候这个可能是跳转过来的Action
ctx = new ActionContext(new HashMap<String, Object>(oldContext.getContextMap()));
} else {
//这里创建值栈
ValueStack stack = dispatcher.getContainer().getInstance(ValueStackFactory.class).createValueStack();
//创建ContextMap,并加入值栈,
stack.getContext().putAll(dispatcher.createContextMap(request, response, null));
ctx = new ActionContext(stack.getContext());//使用值栈创建上下文
}
request.setAttribute(CLEANUP_RECURSION_COUNTER, counter);
ActionContext.setContext(ctx);//绑定到本地线程
return ctx;
}

以上创建请求上下文基本是可以了,通过使用ThreadLocal保证线程安全,主要是为了将Dispatcher绑定到本地线程

    public ActionMapping findActionMapping(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, boolean forceLookup) {
ActionMapping mapping = (ActionMapping) request.getAttribute(STRUTS_ACTION_MAPPING_KEY);
if (mapping == null || forceLookup) {
try {
//通过反射去容器中查找action创建ActionMapping对象
mapping = dispatcher.getContainer().getInstance(ActionMapper.class).getMapping(request, dispatcher.getConfigurationManager());
if (mapping != null) {
request.setAttribute(STRUTS_ACTION_MAPPING_KEY, mapping);
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
dispatcher.sendError(request, response, HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, ex);
}
} return mapping;
}

这里需要说一下ActionMapping这个对象,对比下下面2段代码,相信你瞬间就明白了这个对象的作用;

    @Override
public String toString() {
return "ActionMapping{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", namespace='" + namespace + '\'' +
", method='" + method + '\'' +
", extension='" + extension + '\'' +
", params=" + params +
", result=" + (result != null ? result.getClass().getName() : "null") +
'}';
}
    <package name="store" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
<action name="userAction" method="login" class="userAction">
<result name="success">/WEB-INF/login.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>

这里简单总结下这个对象作用,主要功能是管理Action信息和管理Action执行完以后的重定向,都是通过初始化配置容器中查找到的。说到这里我感觉就对Struts有了一个整体上的认知了,Struts就是帮我们造了一个巨大容器,里面放了几张网,每张网的作用就是为了找到合适自己的对象,找到以后就展示出来,基本都这样就后面的Spring也是这样。

最后就是显示到网页上了呗,我们看下这里也玩的比较好,这块玩了一个代理工厂;

    public void serviceAction(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, ActionMapping mapping)
throws ServletException { Map<String, Object> extraContext = createContextMap(request, response, mapping); // 这个地方如果有就创建一个新的值栈,然后将值栈的信息放入extraContext中
ValueStack stack = (ValueStack) request.getAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY);
boolean nullStack = stack == null;
if (nullStack) {//没有就找见当前线程的的值栈放入新建的值栈当中
ActionContext ctx = ActionContext.getContext();
if (ctx != null) {
stack = ctx.getValueStack();
}
}
if (stack != null) {
extraContext.put(ActionContext.VALUE_STACK, valueStackFactory.createValueStack(stack));
} String timerKey = "Handling request from Dispatcher";
try {
UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey);
String namespace = mapping.getNamespace();
String name = mapping.getName();
String method = mapping.getMethod();//这2个就是获取属性的值然后到下面的代理中找到自己action中的方法
//代理工厂找见合适的action
ActionProxy proxy = getContainer().getInstance(ActionProxyFactory.class).createActionProxy(
namespace, name, method, extraContext, true, false);
//更新对应值栈属性
request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY, proxy.getInvocation().getStack()); // 如果有就执行就好了
if (mapping.getResult() != null) {
Result result = mapping.getResult();
result.execute(proxy.getInvocation());
} else {
proxy.execute();
} // 如果有值栈,设置值栈的值
if (!nullStack) {
request.setAttribute(ServletActionContext.STRUTS_VALUESTACK_KEY, stack);
}
} catch (ConfigurationException e) {
logConfigurationException(request, e);
sendError(request, response, HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_FOUND, e);
} catch (Exception e) {
if (handleException || devMode) {
sendError(request, response, HttpServletResponse.SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, e);
} else {
throw new ServletException(e);
}
} finally {
UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey);
}
}

这里的重点就在ActionFactory了,来来我们看看这里搞了什么,这里通过ActionProxyFactory这个工厂反射创建,我们看下这个接口是有DeafultActionFactory这个类实现的,那我们看下这里面做了什么好玩的事情;

    public ActionProxy createActionProxy(String namespace, String actionName, String methodName, Map<String, Object> extraContext, boolean executeResult, boolean cleanupContext) {

        ActionInvocation inv = new DefaultActionInvocation(extraContext, true);
container.inject(inv);
return createActionProxy(inv, namespace, actionName, methodName, executeResult, cleanupContext);
} public ActionProxy createActionProxy(ActionInvocation inv, String namespace, String actionName, boolean executeResult, boolean cleanupContext) { return createActionProxy(inv, namespace, actionName, null, executeResult, cleanupContext);
} public ActionProxy createActionProxy(ActionInvocation inv, String namespace, String actionName, String methodName, boolean executeResult, boolean cleanupContext) {
//这里重点
DefaultActionProxy proxy = new DefaultActionProxy(inv, namespace, actionName, methodName, executeResult, cleanupContext);
container.inject(proxy);
proxy.prepare();//这里事执行
return proxy;
}

看到这里会发现我们真正的重点就要到来了,DedaultActionProxy这个实现了ActionProxy这个接口的类,里面是怎么找到Action,我们把重点放到这里;

    protected void prepare() {
String profileKey = "create DefaultActionProxy: ";
try {
UtilTimerStack.push(profileKey);
//这里主要事根据命名空间和Action寻找到正确的Action
config = configuration.getRuntimeConfiguration().getActionConfig(namespace, actionName); if (config == null && unknownHandlerManager.hasUnknownHandlers()) {
//寻找未知的Action
config = unknownHandlerManager.handleUnknownAction(namespace, actionName);
}
if (config == null) {
throw new ConfigurationException(getErrorMessage());
}
//寻找方法
resolveMethod(); if (!config.isAllowedMethod(method)) {
throw new ConfigurationException("Invalid method: " + method + " for action " + actionName);
}
//初始化创建
invocation.init(this); } finally {
UtilTimerStack.pop(profileKey);
}
}
    private void resolveMethod() {
// 没有就执行默认的execite方法
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(this.method)) {
this.method = config.getMethodName();
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(this.method)) {
this.method = ActionConfig.DEFAULT_METHOD;
}
methodSpecified = false;
}
}
    public void init(ActionProxy proxy) {
this.proxy = proxy;
Map<String, Object> contextMap = createContextMap(); // Setting this so that other classes, like object factories, can use the ActionProxy and other
// contextual information to operate
ActionContext actionContext = ActionContext.getContext(); if (actionContext != null) {
actionContext.setActionInvocation(this);
}
//创建Action类
createAction(contextMap); if (pushAction) {
stack.push(action);
contextMap.put("action", action);
} invocationContext = new ActionContext(contextMap);
invocationContext.setName(proxy.getActionName()); // 生成一个迭代器列表
List<InterceptorMapping> interceptorList = new ArrayList<InterceptorMapping>(proxy.getConfig().getInterceptors());
interceptors = interceptorList.iterator();
}
    protected void createAction(Map<String, Object> contextMap) {
// load action
String timerKey = "actionCreate: " + proxy.getActionName();
try {
UtilTimerStack.push(timerKey);
action = objectFactory.buildAction(proxy.getActionName(), proxy.getNamespace(), proxy.getConfig(), contextMap);
} catch (InstantiationException e) {
throw new XWorkException("Unable to intantiate Action!", e, proxy.getConfig());
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
throw new XWorkException("Illegal access to constructor, is it public?", e, proxy.getConfig());
} catch (Exception e) {
String gripe; if (proxy == null) {
gripe = "Whoa! No ActionProxy instance found in current ActionInvocation. This is bad ... very bad";
} else if (proxy.getConfig() == null) {
gripe = "Sheesh. Where'd that ActionProxy get to? I can't find it in the current ActionInvocation!?";
} else if (proxy.getConfig().getClassName() == null) {
gripe = "No Action defined for '" + proxy.getActionName() + "' in namespace '" + proxy.getNamespace() + "'";
} else {
gripe = "Unable to instantiate Action, " + proxy.getConfig().getClassName() + ", defined for '" + proxy.getActionName() + "' in namespace '" + proxy.getNamespace() + "'";
} gripe += (((" -- " + e.getMessage()) != null) ? e.getMessage() : " [no message in exception]");
throw new XWorkException(gripe, e, proxy.getConfig());
} finally {
UtilTimerStack.pop(timerKey);
} if (actionEventListener != null) {
action = actionEventListener.prepare(action, stack);
}
}

所有的准备工作都完成了,接下来就是执行方法了

    public String execute() throws Exception {
ActionContext nestedContext = ActionContext.getContext();
ActionContext.setContext(invocation.getInvocationContext()); String retCode = null; String profileKey = "execute: ";
try {
UtilTimerStack.push(profileKey);
//这里就是执行,,这里面又玩一朵花
retCode = invocation.invoke();
} finally {
if (cleanupContext) {
ActionContext.setContext(nestedContext);
}
UtilTimerStack.pop(profileKey);
} return retCode;
}

这里将拦截遍历一遍,最后输出Action的实例方法,然后在返回拦截器的情况,这个地方我不解释了,我也是看了一位大神得解释明悟哈哈

    public String invoke() throws Exception {
String profileKey = "invoke: ";
try {
UtilTimerStack.push(profileKey); if (executed) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Action has already executed");
} if (interceptors.hasNext()) {
final InterceptorMapping interceptor = interceptors.next();
String interceptorMsg = "interceptor: " + interceptor.getName();
UtilTimerStack.push(interceptorMsg);
try {
resultCode = interceptor.getInterceptor().intercept(DefaultActionInvocation.this);
}
finally {
UtilTimerStack.pop(interceptorMsg);
}
} else {
resultCode = invokeActionOnly();
} // this is needed because the result will be executed, then control will return to the Interceptor, which will
// return above and flow through again
if (!executed) {
if (preResultListeners != null) {
for (Object preResultListener : preResultListeners) {
PreResultListener listener = (PreResultListener) preResultListener; String _profileKey = "preResultListener: ";
try {
UtilTimerStack.push(_profileKey);
listener.beforeResult(this, resultCode);
}
finally {
UtilTimerStack.pop(_profileKey);
}
}
} // now execute the result, if we're supposed to
if (proxy.getExecuteResult()) {
executeResult();
} executed = true;
} return resultCode;
}
finally {
UtilTimerStack.pop(profileKey);
}
}

三、总结

.net到Java那些事儿--structs做了那些事(二)-LMLPHP

推荐博客:http://blog.csdn.net/fcbayernmunchen/article/details/8441210

看了这个我感觉我理解得就是小儿科,这个大神上一篇也值得看下。结合整体得架构图,加上我中间提到得几个重要得对象,相信应该基本对Struts会有个整体印象;

这里欢迎大家加一下我的群438836709,欢迎大家一起学习!

05-11 13:27