(一)可重入性

可重入性描述这样的一个问题:一个线程在持有一个锁的时候,它内部能否再次(多次)申请该锁。如果一个线程已经获得了锁,其内部还可以多次申请该锁成功。那么我们就称该锁为可重入锁。通过以下伪代码说明:

void methodA(){
lock.lock(); // 获取锁
methodB();
lock.unlock() // 释放锁
} void methodB(){
lock.lock(); // 获取锁
// 其他业务
lock.unlock();// 释放锁
}
可重入锁可以理解为锁的一个标识。该标识具备计数器功能。标识的初始值为0,表示当前锁没有被任何线程持有。每次线程获得一个可重入锁的时候,该锁的计数器就被加1。每次一个线程释放该所的时候,该锁的计数器就减1。前提是:当前线程已经获得了该锁,是在线程的内部出现再次获取锁的场景
 
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(二)Lock接口,ReentrantLock说明
 
2.1 Lock接口说明
可重入锁:ReentrantLock理解使用-LMLPHP

2.2 ReentrantLock实现说明
ReentrantLock是Lock接口的一个实现类。为了演示Lock接口的方法,我们以ReentrantLock作为示例说明。
 
2.2.1 lock(),unlock()方法说明
该demo模拟电影院的售票情况,tickets总票数。开启了10个窗口售票,售完为止
public class ReentrantLockDemo01 implements Runnable {

    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    private int tickets = 200;

    @Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
lock.lock(); // 获取锁
try {
if (tickets > 0) {
TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(100);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + tickets--);
} else {
break;
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock(); // 释放所
}
}
} public static void main(String[] args) {
ReentrantLockDemo01 reentrantLockDemo = new ReentrantLockDemo01();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
Thread thread = new Thread(reentrantLockDemo, "thread" + i);
thread.start();
}
}
}
2.2.2 lockInterruptibly()方法说明

从Lock的源码可以看出:lockInterruptibly() 抛出中断异常

void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException;

在synchronize关键字中,同步代码块发送阻塞的情况,例如:wait(),sleep(),jion()等情况下,可以被中断。中断并不意味着线程已经终止

代码示例如下:

public class ReentrantLockDemo02 implements Runnable {

    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    @Override
public void run() {
try {
lock.lockInterruptibly();
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " running");
Thread.sleep(2000);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " finished");
lock.unlock();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " interrupted");
}
} public static void main(String[] args) {
ReentrantLockDemo02 reentrantLockDemo = new ReentrantLockDemo02();
Thread thread01 = new Thread(reentrantLockDemo, "thread01");
Thread thread02 = new Thread(reentrantLockDemo, "thread02");
thread01.start();
thread02.start();
thread02.interrupt();
}
}

输出结果:

thread01 running
thread02 interrupted
thread01 finished
从输出结果可以看出,thread01正常结束程序,thread02被中断程序,执行catch中的代码块
 
2.2.3 tryLock(),tryLock(long time, TimeUnit unit)方法说明
 
tryLock()方法立刻返回当前获取情况。
 
tryLock(long time, TimeUnit unit)等待一定的时间,返回获取情况
public class ReentrantLockDemo03 implements Runnable {

    private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    @Override
public void run() {
try {
if (lock.tryLock(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 获取当前lock锁");
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(4);
} else {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ " 获取锁失败");
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (lock.isHeldByCurrentThread()) {
lock.unlock();
}
}
} public static void main(String[] args) {
ReentrantLockDemo03 reentrantLockDemo = new ReentrantLockDemo03();
Thread thread01 = new Thread(reentrantLockDemo, "thread01");
Thread thread02 = new Thread(reentrantLockDemo, "thread02");
thread01.start();
thread02.start();
}
}
2.2.4 newCondition() 方法说明
 
目前只是对newCondition()使用方式进行说明,没有深入的分析Condition()的实现源码。
Condition的作用是对锁进行更精确的控制。Condition中的await()方法相当于Object的wait()方法,Condition中的signal()方法相当于Object的notify()方法,Condition中的signalAll()相当于Object的notifyAll()方法。不同的是,Object中的wait(),notify(),notifyAll()方法是和”同步锁”(synchronized关键字)捆绑使用的;而Condition是需要与”互斥锁”/”共享锁”捆绑使用的。
public class ProducerConsumerTest {

    private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    private Condition addCondition = lock.newCondition();

    private Condition removeCondition = lock.newCondition();

    private LinkedList<Integer> resources = new LinkedList<>();

    private int maxSize;

    public ProducerConsumerTest(int maxSize) {
this.maxSize = maxSize;
} public class Producer implements Runnable { private int proSize; private Producer(int proSize) {
this.proSize = proSize;
} @Override
public void run() {
lock.lock();
try {
for (int i = 1; i < proSize; i++) {
while (resources.size() >= maxSize) {
System.out.println("当前仓库已满,等待消费...");
try {
addCondition.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("已经生产产品数: " + i + "\t现仓储量总量:" + resources.size());
resources.add(i);
removeCondition.signal();
}
} finally {
lock.unlock();
} }
} public class Consumer implements Runnable { @Override
public void run() {
String threadName = Thread.currentThread().getName();
while (true) {
lock.lock();
try {
while (resources.size() <= 0) {
System.out.println(threadName + " 当前仓库没有产品,请稍等...");
try {
// 进入阻塞状态
removeCondition.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
// 消费数据
int size = resources.size();
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
Integer remove = resources.remove();
System.out.println(threadName + " 当前消费产品编号为:" + remove);
}
// 唤醒生产者
addCondition.signal();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
} }
} public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
ProducerConsumerTest producerConsumerTest = new ProducerConsumerTest(10);
Producer producer = producerConsumerTest.new Producer(100);
Consumer consumer = producerConsumerTest.new Consumer();
final Thread producerThread = new Thread(producer, "producer");
final Thread consumerThread = new Thread(consumer, "consumer");
producerThread.start();
TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
consumerThread.start();
}
}

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可重入锁:ReentrantLock理解使用-LMLPHP

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可重入锁:ReentrantLock理解使用-LMLPHP

05-11 15:24