Thrift开发流程是:先定义IDL,使用thrift工具生成目标语言接口(interface)代码,然后进行开发。

官网: http://thrift.apache.org/
github:https://github.com/apache/thrift/

安装Thrift

将Thrift IDL文件编译成目标代码需要安装Thrift二进制工具。

Mac

建议直接使用brew安装,节省时间:

brew install thrift

安装后查看版本:

$ thrift -version

Thrift version 0.12.0

也可以下载源码安装,参考:http://thrift.apache.org/docs/install/os_x。

源码地址:http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?path=/thrift/0.12.0/thrift-0.12.0.tar.gz

CentOS

需下载源码安装,参考:http://thrift.apache.org/docs/install/centos。

Debian/Ubuntu

需下载源码安装,先安装依赖:http://thrift.apache.org/docs/install/debian,然后安装thrift:http://thrift.apache.org/docs/BuildingFromSource。

Windows

可以直接下载二进制包。地址:http://www.apache.org/dyn/closer.cgi?path=/thrift/0.12.0/thrift-0.12.0.exe。

实战

该小节我们通过一个例子,讲述如何使用Thrift快速开发出一个RPC微服务,涉及到Golang服务端、Golang客户端、PHP客户端、PHP服务端。项目名就叫做thrift-sample,代码托管在 https://github.com/52fhy/thrift-sample。

推荐使用Golang服务端实现微服务,PHP客户端实现调用。

编写thrift IDL

thrift
├── Service.thrift
└── User.thrift

User.thrift

namespace go Sample
namespace php Sample

struct User {
    1:required i32 id;
    2:required string name;
    3:required string avatar;
    4:required string address;
    5:required string mobile;
}

struct UserList {
    1:required list<User> userList;
    2:required i32 page;
    3:required i32 limit;
}

Service.thrift

include "User.thrift"

namespace go Sample
namespace php Sample

typedef map<string, string> Data

struct Response {
    1:required i32 errCode; //错误码
    2:required string errMsg; //错误信息
    3:required Data data;
}

//定义服务
service Greeter {
    Response SayHello(
        1:required User.User user
    )

    Response GetUser(
        1:required i32 uid
    )
}

说明:
1、namespace用于标记各语言的命名空间或包名。每个语言都需要单独声明。
2、struct在PHP里相当于class,golang里还是struct
3、service在PHP里相当于interface,golang里是interfaceservice里定义的方法必须由服务端实现。
4、typedef和c语言里的用法一致,用于重新定义类型的名称。
5、struct里每个都是由1:required i32 errCode;结构组成,分表代表标识符、是否可选、类型、名称。单个struct里标识符不能重复,required表示该属性不能为空,i32表示int32。

接下来我们生产目标语言的代码:


mkdir -p php go

#编译
thrift -r --gen go thrift/Service.thrift
thrift -r --gen php:server thrift/Service.thrift

其它语言请参考上述示例编写。

编译成功后,生成的代码文件有:

gen-go
└── Sample
    ├── GoUnusedProtection__.go
    ├── Service-consts.go
    ├── Service.go
    ├── User-consts.go
    ├── User.go
    └── greeter-remote
        └── greeter-remote.go
gen-php
└── Sample
    ├── GreeterClient.php
    ├── GreeterIf.php
    ├── GreeterProcessor.php
    ├── Greeter_GetUser_args.php
    ├── Greeter_GetUser_result.php
    ├── Greeter_SayHello_args.php
    ├── Greeter_SayHello_result.php
    ├── Response.php
    ├── User.php
    └── UserList.php

golang服务端

本节我们实行golang的服务端,需要实现的接口我们简单实现。本节参考了官方的例子,做了删减,官方的例子代码量有点多,而且是好几个文件,对新手不太友好。建议看完本节再去看官方示例。官方例子:https://github.com/apache/thrift/tree/master/tutorial/go/src。

首先我们初始化go mod:

$ go mod init sample

然后编写服务端代码:
main.go

package main

import (
    "context"
    "encoding/json"
    "flag"
    "fmt"
    "github.com/apache/thrift/lib/go/thrift"
    "os"
    "sample/gen-go/Sample"
)

func Usage() {
    fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, "Usage of ", os.Args[0], ":\n")
    flag.PrintDefaults()
    fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, "\n")
}

//定义服务
type Greeter struct {
}

//实现IDL里定义的接口
//SayHello
func (this *Greeter) SayHello(ctx context.Context, u *Sample.User) (r *Sample.Response, err error) {
    strJson, _ := json.Marshal(u)
    return &Sample.Response{ErrCode: 0, ErrMsg: "success", Data: map[string]string{"User": string(strJson)}}, nil
}

//GetUser
func (this *Greeter) GetUser(ctx context.Context, uid int32) (r *Sample.Response, err error) {
    return &Sample.Response{ErrCode: 1, ErrMsg: "user not exist."}, nil
}

func main() {
    //命令行参数
    flag.Usage = Usage
    protocol := flag.String("P", "binary", "Specify the protocol (binary, compact, json, simplejson)")
    framed := flag.Bool("framed", false, "Use framed transport")
    buffered := flag.Bool("buffered", false, "Use buffered transport")
    addr := flag.String("addr", "localhost:9090", "Address to listen to")

    flag.Parse()

    //protocol
    var protocolFactory thrift.TProtocolFactory
    switch *protocol {
    case "compact":
        protocolFactory = thrift.NewTCompactProtocolFactory()
    case "simplejson":
        protocolFactory = thrift.NewTSimpleJSONProtocolFactory()
    case "json":
        protocolFactory = thrift.NewTJSONProtocolFactory()
    case "binary", "":
        protocolFactory = thrift.NewTBinaryProtocolFactoryDefault()
    default:
        fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, "Invalid protocol specified", protocol, "\n")
        Usage()
        os.Exit(1)
    }

    //buffered
    var transportFactory thrift.TTransportFactory
    if *buffered {
        transportFactory = thrift.NewTBufferedTransportFactory(8192)
    } else {
        transportFactory = thrift.NewTTransportFactory()
    }

    //framed
    if *framed {
        transportFactory = thrift.NewTFramedTransportFactory(transportFactory)
    }

    //handler
    handler := &Greeter{}

    //transport,no secure
    var err error
    var transport thrift.TServerTransport
    transport, err = thrift.NewTServerSocket(*addr)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("error running server:", err)
    }

    //processor
    processor := Sample.NewGreeterProcessor(handler)

    fmt.Println("Starting the simple server... on ", *addr)

    //start tcp server
    server := thrift.NewTSimpleServer4(processor, transport, transportFactory, protocolFactory)
    err = server.Serve()

    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("error running server:", err)
    }
}

编译并运行:

$ go run main.go
Starting the simple server... on  localhost:9090

客户端

我们先使用go test写客户端代码:
client_test.go

package main

import (
    "context"
    "fmt"
    "github.com/apache/thrift/lib/go/thrift"
    "sample/gen-go/Sample"
    "testing"
)

var ctx = context.Background()

func GetClient() *Sample.GreeterClient {
    addr := ":9090"
    var transport thrift.TTransport
    var err error
    transport, err = thrift.NewTSocket(addr)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("Error opening socket:", err)
    }

    //protocol
    var protocolFactory thrift.TProtocolFactory
    protocolFactory = thrift.NewTBinaryProtocolFactoryDefault()

    //no buffered
    var transportFactory thrift.TTransportFactory
    transportFactory = thrift.NewTTransportFactory()

    transport, err = transportFactory.GetTransport(transport)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("error running client:", err)
    }

    if err := transport.Open(); err != nil {
        fmt.Println("error running client:", err)
    }

    iprot := protocolFactory.GetProtocol(transport)
    oprot := protocolFactory.GetProtocol(transport)

    client := Sample.NewGreeterClient(thrift.NewTStandardClient(iprot, oprot))
    return client
}

//GetUser
func TestGetUser(t *testing.T) {
    client := GetClient()
    rep, err := client.GetUser(ctx, 100)
    if err != nil {
        t.Errorf("thrift err: %v\n", err)
    } else {
        t.Logf("Recevied: %v\n", rep)
    }
}

//SayHello
func TestSayHello(t *testing.T) {
    client := GetClient()

    user := &Sample.User{}
    user.Name = "thrift"
    user.Address = "address"

    rep, err := client.SayHello(ctx, user)
    if err != nil {
        t.Errorf("thrift err: %v\n", err)
    } else {
        t.Logf("Recevied: %v\n", rep)
    }
}

首先确保服务端已运行,然后运行测试用例:

$ go test -v

=== RUN   TestGetUser
--- PASS: TestGetUser (0.00s)
    client_test.go:53: Recevied: Response({ErrCode:1 ErrMsg:user not exist. Data:map[]})
=== RUN   TestSayHello
--- PASS: TestSayHello (0.00s)
    client_test.go:69: Recevied: Response({ErrCode:0 ErrMsg:success Data:map[User:{"id":0,"name":"thrift","avatar":"","address":"address","mobile":""}]})
PASS
ok      sample  0.017s

接下来我们使用php实现客户端:
client.php

<?php

error_reporting(E_ALL);

$ROOT_DIR = realpath(dirname(__FILE__) . '/lib-php/');
$GEN_DIR = realpath(dirname(__FILE__)) . '/gen-php/';
require_once $ROOT_DIR . '/Thrift/ClassLoader/ThriftClassLoader.php';

use Thrift\ClassLoader\ThriftClassLoader;
use Thrift\Protocol\TBinaryProtocol;
use Thrift\Transport\TSocket;
use Thrift\Transport\TBufferedTransport;
use \Thrift\Transport\THttpClient;

$loader = new ThriftClassLoader();
$loader->registerNamespace('Thrift', $ROOT_DIR);
$loader->registerDefinition('Sample', $GEN_DIR);
$loader->register();

try {
    if (array_search('--http', $argv)) {
        $socket = new THttpClient('localhost', 8080, '/server.php');
    } else {
        $socket = new TSocket('localhost', 9090);
    }
    $transport = new TBufferedTransport($socket, 1024, 1024);
    $protocol = new TBinaryProtocol($transport);
    $client = new \Sample\GreeterClient($protocol);

    $transport->open();

    try {
        $user = new \Sample\User();
        $user->id = 100;
        $user->name = "test";
        $user->avatar = "avatar";
        $user->address = "address";
        $user->mobile = "mobile";
        $rep = $client->SayHello($user);
        var_dump($rep);

        $rep = $client->GetUser(100);
        var_dump($rep);

    } catch (\tutorial\InvalidOperation $io) {
        print "InvalidOperation: $io->why\n";
    }

    $transport->close();

} catch (TException $tx) {
    print 'TException: ' . $tx->getMessage() . "\n";
}

?>

在运行PHP客户端之前,需要引入thrift的php库文件。我们下载下来的thrift源码包里面就有:

~/Downloads/thrift-0.12.0/lib/php/
├── Makefile.am
├── Makefile.in
├── README.apache.md
├── README.md
├── coding_standards.md
├── lib
├── src
├── test
└── thrift_protocol.ini

我们在当前项目里新建lib-php目录,并需要把整个php下的代码复制到lib-php目录:

$ cp -rp ~/Downloads/thrift-0.12.0/lib/php/* ./lib-php/

然后需要修改/lib-php/里的lib目录名为Thrift,否则后续会一直提示Class 'Thrift\Transport\TSocket' not found

然后还需要修改/lib-php/Thrift/ClassLoader/ThriftClassLoader.php,将findFile()方法的$className . '.php';改为$class . '.php';,大概在197行。修改好的参考:https://github.com/52fhy/thrift-sample/blob/master/lib-php/Thrift/ClassLoader/ThriftClassLoader.php

然后现在可以运行了:

$ php client.php

object(Sample\Response)#9 (3) {
  ["errCode"]=>
  int(0)
  ["errMsg"]=>
  string(7) "success"
  ["data"]=>
  array(1) {
    ["User"]=>
    string(80) "{"id":100,"name":"test","avatar":"avatar","address":"address","mobile":"mobile"}"
  }
}
object(Sample\Response)#10 (3) {
  ["errCode"]=>
  int(1)
  ["errMsg"]=>
  string(15) "user not exist."
  ["data"]=>
  array(0) {
  }
}

php服务端

thrift实现的服务端不能自己起server服务独立运行,还需要借助php-fpm运行。代码思路和golang差不多,先实现interface里实现的接口,然后使用thrift对外暴露服务:

server.php

<?php
/**
 * Created by PhpStorm.
 * User: [email protected]
 * Date: 2019-07-07
 * Time: 08:18
 */


error_reporting(E_ALL);

$ROOT_DIR = realpath(dirname(__FILE__) . '/lib-php/');
$GEN_DIR = realpath(dirname(__FILE__)) . '/gen-php/';
require_once $ROOT_DIR . '/Thrift/ClassLoader/ThriftClassLoader.php';

use Thrift\ClassLoader\ThriftClassLoader;
use Thrift\Protocol\TBinaryProtocol;
use Thrift\Transport\TSocket;
use Thrift\Transport\TBufferedTransport;
use \Thrift\Transport\TPhpStream;

$loader = new ThriftClassLoader();
$loader->registerNamespace('Thrift', $ROOT_DIR);
$loader->registerDefinition('Sample', $GEN_DIR);
$loader->register();

class Handler implements \Sample\GreeterIf {

    /**
     * @param \Sample\User $user
     * @return \Sample\Response
     */
    public function SayHello(\Sample\User $user)
    {
        $response = new \Sample\Response();
        $response->errCode = 0;
        $response->errMsg = "success";
        $response->data = [
            "user" => json_encode($user)
        ];

        return $response;
    }

    /**
     * @param int $uid
     * @return \Sample\Response
     */
    public function GetUser($uid)
    {
        $response = new \Sample\Response();
        $response->errCode = 1;
        $response->errMsg = "fail";
        return $response;
    }
}


header('Content-Type', 'application/x-thrift');
if (php_sapi_name() == 'cli') {
    echo "\r\n";
}

$handler = new Handler();
$processor = new \Sample\GreeterProcessor($handler);

$transport = new TBufferedTransport(new TPhpStream(TPhpStream::MODE_R | TPhpStream::MODE_W));
$protocol = new TBinaryProtocol($transport, true, true);

$transport->open();
$processor->process($protocol, $protocol);
$transport->close();

这里我们直接使用php -S 0.0.0.0:8080启动httpserver,就不使用php-fpm演示了:

$ php -S 0.0.0.0:8080

PHP 7.1.23 Development Server started at Sun Jul  7 10:52:06 2019
Listening on http://0.0.0.0:8080
Document root is /work/git/thrift-sample
Press Ctrl-C to quit.

我们使用php客户端,注意需要加参数,调用http协议连接:

$ php client.php --http

object(Sample\Response)#9 (3) {
  ["errCode"]=>
  int(0)
  ["errMsg"]=>
  string(7) "success"
  ["data"]=>
  array(1) {
    ["user"]=>
    string(80) "{"id":100,"name":"test","avatar":"avatar","address":"address","mobile":"mobile"}"
  }
}
object(Sample\Response)#10 (3) {
  ["errCode"]=>
  int(1)
  ["errMsg"]=>
  string(4) "fail"
  ["data"]=>
  NULL
}

thrift IDL语法参考

1、类型定义

(1) 基本类型

bool:布尔值(true或false)
byte:8位有符号整数
i16:16位有符号整数
i32:32位有符号整数
i64:64位有符号整数
double:64位浮点数
string:使用UTF-8编码编码的文本字符串

(2) 容器类型

list<t1>:一系列t1类型的元素组成的有序列表,元素可以重复
set<t1>:一些t1类型的元素组成的无序集合,元素唯一不重复
map<t1,t2>:key/value对,key唯一

容器中的元素类型可以是除service以外的任何合法的thrift类型,包括结构体和异常类型。

(3) Typedef

Thrift支持C/C++风格的类型定义:

typedef i32 MyInteger

(4) Enum
定义枚举类型:

enum TweetType {
    TWEET,
    RETWEET = 2,
    DM = 0xa,
    REPLY
}

注意:编译器默认从0开始赋值,枚举值可以赋予某个常量,允许常量是十六进制整数。末尾没有逗号。

不同于protocol buffer,thrift不支持枚举类嵌套,枚举常量必须是32位正整数。

示例里,对于PHP来说,会生成TweetType类;对于golang来说,会生成TweetType_开头的常量。

(5) Const
Thrift允许用户定义常量,复杂的类型和结构体可以使用JSON形式表示:

const i32 INT_CONST = 1234
const map<string,string> MAP_CONST = {"hello": "world", "goodnight": "moon"}

示例里,对于PHP来说,会生成Constant类;对于golang来说,会生成名称一样的常量。

(6) Exception

用于定义异常。示例:

exception BizException {
    1:required i32 code
    2:required string msg
}

示例里,对于PHP来说,会生成BizException类,继承自TException;对于golang来说,会生成BizException结构体及相关方法。

(7) Struct
结构体struct在PHP里相当于class,golang里还是struct。示例:

struct User {
    1:required i32 id = 0;
    2:optional string name;
}

结构体可以包含其他结构体,但不支持继承结构体。

(8) Service
Thrift编译器会根据选择的目标语言为server产生服务接口代码,为client产生桩(stub)代码。

service在PHP里相当于interface,golang里是interfaceservice里定义的方法必须由服务端实现。

示例:

service Greeter {
    Response SayHello(
        1:required User.User user
    )

    Response GetUser(
        1:required i32 uid
    )
}

//继承
service ChildGreeter extends Greeter{

}

注意:

  • 参数可以是基本类型或者结构体,参数只能是只读的(const),不可以作为返回值
  • 返回值可以是基本类型或者结构体,返回值可以是void
  • 支持继承,一个service可使用extends关键字继承另一个service

(9) Union
定义联合体。查看联合体介绍 https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1623457037181175751&wfr=spider&for=pc。

struct Pixel{
    1:required i32 Red;
    2:required i32 Green;
    3:required i32 Blue;
}

union Pixel_TypeDef {
    1:optional Pixel pixel
    2:optional i32 value
}

联合体要求字段选项都是optional的,因为同一时刻只有一个变量有值。

2、注释
支持shell注释风格、C/C++语言中的单行或多行注释风格。

# 这是注释

// 这是注释

/*
* 这是注释
*/

3、namespace
定义命名空间或者包名。格式示例:

namespace go Sample
namespace php Sample

需要支持多个语言,则需要定义多行。命名空间或者包名是多层级,使用.号隔开。例如Sample.Model最终生成的代码里面PHP的命名空间是\Sample\Model,golang则会生成目录Sample/Model,包名是Model

4、文件包含

thrift支持引入另一个thrift文件:

include "User.thrift"
include "TestDefine.thrift"

注意:

(1) include 引入的文件使用的使用,字段必须带文件名前缀:

1:required User.User user

不能直接写User user,这样会提示找不到User定义。
(2)假设编译的时候A里引入了B,那么编译A的时候,B里面定义的也会被编译。

5、Field
字段定义格式:

FieldID? FieldReq? FieldType Identifier ('= ConstValue)? XsdFieldOptions ListSeparator?

其中:

  • FieldID必须是IntConstant类型,即整型常量。
  • FieldReq (Field Requiredness,字段选项)支持requiredoptional两种。一旦一个参数设置为 required,未来就一定不能删除或者改为 optional,否则就会出现版本不兼容问题,老客户端访问新服务会出现参数错误。不确定的情况可以都使用 optional
  • FieldType 就是字段类型。
  • Identifier 就是变量标识符,不能为数字开头。
  • 字段定义可以设置默认值,支持Const等。

示例:

struct User {
    1:required i32 id = 0;
    2:optional string name;
}

IDE插件

1、JetBrains PhpStorm 可以在插件里找到Thrift Support安装,重启IDE后就支持Thrift格式语法了。

2、VScode 在扩展里搜索 Thrift,安装即可。

参考

1、Apache Thrift - Index of tutorial/
http://thrift.apache.org/tutorial/
2、Apache Thrift - Interface Description Language (IDL)
http://thrift.apache.org/docs/idl
3、Thrift语法参考 - 流水殇 - 博客园
https://www.cnblogs.com/yuananyun/p/5186430.html
4、和 Thrift 的一场美丽邂逅 - cyfonly - 博客园
https://www.cnblogs.com/cyfonly/p/6059374.html

07-13 23:34