一、Oracle临时表知识
在Oracle中,临时表分为SESSION、TRANSACTION两种,SESSION级的临时表数据在整个SESSION都存在,直到结束此次SESSION;而 TRANSACTION级的临时表数据在TRANACTION结束后消失,即COMMIT/ROLLBACK或结束SESSION都会清除 TRANACTION临时表数据。
1) 会话级临时表 示例
1创建
- create global temporary table temp_tbl(col_a varchar2(30))
- on commit preserve rows
create global temporary table temp_tbl(col_a varchar2(30))
on commit preserve rows
2插入数据
- insert into temp_tbl values('test session table')
insert into temp_tbl values('test session table')
3提交
- commit;
commit;
4查询
- select *from temp_tbl
select *from temp_tbl
可以看到数据'test session table'记录还在。
结束SESSION,重新登录,再查询数据select *from temp_tbl,这时候记录已不存在,因为系统在结束SESSION时自动清除记录 。
2) 事务级临时表 示例
1创建
- create global temporary table temp_tbl(col_a varchar2(30))
- on commit delete rows
create global temporary table temp_tbl(col_a varchar2(30))
on commit delete rows
2插入数据
- insert into temp_tbl values('test transaction table')
insert into temp_tbl values('test transaction table')
3提交
- commit ;
commit ;
4查询
- select *from temp_tbl
select *from temp_tbl
这时候可以看到刚才插入的记录'test transaction table'已不存在了,因为提交时已经晴空了数据库;同样,如果不提交而直接结束SESSION,重新登录记录也不存在 。
二、在Oracle存储中使用临时表的一个例子
描述:档案册借阅时,需要把册拆分成详细的单据,拆分依据是册表中的BILLCODES(若干个用逗号分割的单据号)字段,临时表用于保存拆分出来的单据信息。拆分结束后直接返回临时表的数据。
- create or replace package AMS_PKG as
- type REFCURSORTYPE is REF CURSOR;
- procedure SPLIT_VOLUMES (P_CORP_NAME IN varchar2,P_YEAR IN varchar2,P_MONTH IN varchar2,P_VOL_TYPE_CODE IN varchar2,P_BILL_NUM IN varchar2,P_VOLUME_NUM IN varchar2,P_AREA_CODES IN varchar2,P_QUERY_SQL out varchar2,P_OUTCURSOR out refCursorType);
- end AMS_PKG;
- /
- CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY "AMS_PKG" as
- procedure SPLIT_VOLUMES(p_CORP_NAME IN varchar2, --查询条件,公司名称
- p_YEAR IN varchar2, --查询条件,会计年度
- p_MONTH IN varchar2, --查询条件,期间
- p_VOL_TYPE_CODE IN varchar2, --查询条件,凭证类别编码
- p_BILL_NUM IN varchar2, --查询条件,信息单号
- p_VOLUME_NUM IN varchar2, --查询条件,册号
- p_AREA_CODES IN varchar2, --查询条件,所在区域编码(产生册的区域),逗号分割。
- --形式如 '12C01','12201','12D01','12E01','12601',存储过程中将使用in的方式进行过滤
- p_QUERY_SQL out varchar2, --返回查询字符串
- p_OutCursor out refCursorType --返回值
- ) is
- v_sql varchar2(3000);
- v_sql_WHERE varchar2(3000);
- v_temp1 varchar2(300);
- v_temp2 varchar2(300);
- v_tempBILLCODES varchar2(3000);
- V_CNT NUMBER(10,0);
- V_VOLUME_ID NUMBER(10,0);
- mycur refCursorType;
- --CURSOR mycur( v varchar2) is
- -- SELECT VOUCHTYPE,BILLCODES FROM PUB_VOLUMES where volumeid=v;
- CURSOR mycur_split( val varchar2,splitMark varchar2) is
- select * from table(myutil_split(val,splitMark));
- begin
- v_temp1 :='';
- v_temp2 :='';
- v_sql_WHERE := '';
- v_tempBILLCODES := '';
- V_CNT := 0;
- V_VOLUME_ID := 0;--册表的系统编号
- v_sql := 'SELECT VOLUMEID,VOUCHTYPE,BILLCODES FROM PUB_VOLUMES WHERE 1=1 ';
- --dbms_output.put_line('p_BILL_NUM='||p_BILL_NUM);
- IF (p_CORP_NAME IS NOT NULL AND LENGTH(p_CORP_NAME) >0) THEN --公司名称
- BEGIN
- v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || ' AND CORPNAME LIKE ''%';
- v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || p_CORP_NAME;
- v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || '%''';
- --dbms_output.put_line(p_BILL_NUM);
- END;
- END IF;
- IF (p_YEAR IS NOT NULL AND LENGTH(p_YEAR) >0) THEN --会计年度
- BEGIN
- v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || ' AND YEAR = ''';
- v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || p_YEAR;
- v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || '''';
- --dbms_output.put_line(p_BILL_NUM);
- END;
- END IF;
- IF (p_MONTH IS NOT NULL AND LENGTH(p_MONTH) >0) THEN --期间
- BEGIN
- v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || ' AND MONTH = ''';
- v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || p_MONTH;
- v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || '''';
- --dbms_output.put_line(p_BILL_NUM);
- END;
- END IF;
- IF (p_VOL_TYPE_CODE IS NOT NULL AND LENGTH(p_VOL_TYPE_CODE) >0) THEN --凭证类别编码
- BEGIN
- v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || ' AND VOUCHTYPE = ''';
- v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || p_VOL_TYPE_CODE;
- v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || '''';
- --dbms_output.put_line(p_BILL_NUM);
- END;
- END IF;
- IF (p_BILL_NUM IS NOT NULL AND LENGTH(p_BILL_NUM) >0) THEN --信息单号
- BEGIN
- v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || ' AND BILLCODES LIKE ''%';
- v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || p_BILL_NUM;
- v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || '%''';
- --dbms_output.put_line(p_BILL_NUM);
- END;
- END IF;
- IF (p_VOLUME_NUM IS NOT NULL AND LENGTH(p_VOLUME_NUM) >0) THEN --册号
- BEGIN
- v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || ' AND VOLUMENUM = ''';
- v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || p_VOLUME_NUM;
- v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || '''';
- --dbms_output.put_line(p_BILL_NUM);
- END;
- END IF;
- p_QUERY_SQL := 'SQL4WHERE: ' || v_sql_WHERE;
- --dbms_output.put_line(v_sql || v_sql_WHERE || p_BILL_NUM);
- --OPEN mycur(v_WHERE);
- OPEN mycur FOR v_sql || v_sql_WHERE;
- LOOP--循环册记录
- fetch mycur INTO V_VOLUME_ID,v_temp1,v_tempBILLCODES ;
- EXIT WHEN mycur%NOTFOUND;
- V_CNT := V_CNT + 1 ;
- --DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( V_CNT || ':BILLCODES = ' || v_tempBILLCODES);
- OPEN mycur_split(v_tempBILLCODES,',');
- LOOP--循环生成每一个册的单据记录
- fetch mycur_split INTO v_temp2 ;
- EXIT WHEN mycur_split%NOTFOUND;
- --DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' ' || v_temp2);
- --DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' p_BILL_NUM= ' || p_BILL_NUM||',v_temp2='||v_temp2);
- IF (p_BILL_NUM IS NULL OR p_BILL_NUM = TO_NUMBER(v_temp2)) THEN
- v_temp1 := 'INSERT INTO TEMP_VOLUMES_QUERY (SELECT '''|| v_temp2 || ''',A.* FROM PUB_VOLUMES A WHERE volumeid = ' || V_VOLUME_ID || ')';--写入到临时表
- --dbms_output.put_line( 'v_temp1=' || v_temp1);
- execute immediate v_temp1;
- END IF;
- END LOOP;
- CLOSE mycur_split;
- END LOOP;
- CLOSE mycur;
- --开始输出结果
- v_sql := 'SELECT CE.DCODE,CE.VOLUMEID,CE.CORPCODE,CE.CORPNAME,QU.AREANAME,CE.YEAR,CE.MONTH,CE.BILLCODES,CE.VOUCHTYPE,SHI.ROOMNAME, ';
- v_sql := v_sql || 'CE.VOLUMENUM,GUI.CABINETNUM,CE.CABINETLAYER FROM TEMP_VOLUMES_QUERY CE ';
- v_sql := v_sql || 'LEFT OUTER JOIN PUB_CORPS NAME ON CE.CORPCODE = NAME.CORPCODE ';--册所属公司(产生单据的公司)
- v_sql := v_sql || 'LEFT OUTER JOIN PUB_AREAS QU ON NAME.AREACODE=QU.AREACODE ';--册所属区域(产生单据的公司所在区域)
- v_sql := v_sql || 'LEFT OUTER JOIN PUB_CABINETS GUI ON CE.CABINETCODE=GUI.CABINETCODE ';--册所在档案柜(保存的位置)
- v_sql := v_sql || 'LEFT OUTER JOIN PUB_ARCHIVESROOMS SHI ON GUI.ROOMCODE = SHI.ROOMID ';--册(柜)所在档案室(保存的位置)
- v_sql := v_sql || 'WHERE (GUI.ISMAIL = 0 OR GUI.ISSIGN = 1) ';--尚未邮寄的或者已签收的
- v_sql := v_sql || 'AND CE.ISBORROW = ''0'' ';--尚未借出去的
- IF (p_AREA_CODES IS NOT NULL AND LENGTH(p_AREA_CODES) >0) THEN --如果需要限制册的所属区域
- BEGIN
- v_sql := v_sql || 'AND QU.AREACODE IN ('|| p_AREA_CODES || ') ';
- END;
- END IF;
- p_QUERY_SQL := p_QUERY_SQL || ' SQL4RESULT: ' || v_sql;--返回
- OPEN p_OutCursor FOR v_sql;
- SELECT COUNT(1) INTO V_CNT FROM TEMP_VOLUMES_QUERY;
- dbms_output.put_line(v_sql || ',V_CNT=' || V_CNT);
- dbms_output.put_line(V_CNT);
- delete from TEMP_VOLUMES_QUERY;
- COMMIT;
- end SPLIT_VOLUMES;
- end;
- /
create or replace package AMS_PKG as
type REFCURSORTYPE is REF CURSOR;
procedure SPLIT_VOLUMES (P_CORP_NAME IN varchar2,P_YEAR IN varchar2,P_MONTH IN varchar2,P_VOL_TYPE_CODE IN varchar2,P_BILL_NUM IN varchar2,P_VOLUME_NUM IN varchar2,P_AREA_CODES IN varchar2,P_QUERY_SQL out varchar2,P_OUTCURSOR out refCursorType);
end AMS_PKG;
/
CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY "AMS_PKG" as
procedure SPLIT_VOLUMES(p_CORP_NAME IN varchar2, --查询条件,公司名称
p_YEAR IN varchar2, --查询条件,会计年度
p_MONTH IN varchar2, --查询条件,期间
p_VOL_TYPE_CODE IN varchar2, --查询条件,凭证类别编码
p_BILL_NUM IN varchar2, --查询条件,信息单号
p_VOLUME_NUM IN varchar2, --查询条件,册号
p_AREA_CODES IN varchar2, --查询条件,所在区域编码(产生册的区域),逗号分割。
--形式如 '12C01','12201','12D01','12E01','12601',存储过程中将使用in的方式进行过滤
p_QUERY_SQL out varchar2, --返回查询字符串
p_OutCursor out refCursorType --返回值
) is v_sql varchar2(3000);
v_sql_WHERE varchar2(3000);
v_temp1 varchar2(300);
v_temp2 varchar2(300);
v_tempBILLCODES varchar2(3000);
V_CNT NUMBER(10,0);
V_VOLUME_ID NUMBER(10,0);
mycur refCursorType;
--CURSOR mycur( v varchar2) is
-- SELECT VOUCHTYPE,BILLCODES FROM PUB_VOLUMES where volumeid=v;
CURSOR mycur_split( val varchar2,splitMark varchar2) is
select * from table(myutil_split(val,splitMark));
begin
v_temp1 :='';
v_temp2 :='';
v_sql_WHERE := '';
v_tempBILLCODES := '';
V_CNT := 0;
V_VOLUME_ID := 0;--册表的系统编号
v_sql := 'SELECT VOLUMEID,VOUCHTYPE,BILLCODES FROM PUB_VOLUMES WHERE 1=1 ';
--dbms_output.put_line('p_BILL_NUM='||p_BILL_NUM); IF (p_CORP_NAME IS NOT NULL AND LENGTH(p_CORP_NAME) >0) THEN --公司名称
BEGIN
v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || ' AND CORPNAME LIKE ''%';
v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || p_CORP_NAME;
v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || '%''';
--dbms_output.put_line(p_BILL_NUM);
END;
END IF;
IF (p_YEAR IS NOT NULL AND LENGTH(p_YEAR) >0) THEN --会计年度
BEGIN
v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || ' AND YEAR = ''';
v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || p_YEAR;
v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || '''';
--dbms_output.put_line(p_BILL_NUM);
END;
END IF;
IF (p_MONTH IS NOT NULL AND LENGTH(p_MONTH) >0) THEN --期间
BEGIN
v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || ' AND MONTH = ''';
v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || p_MONTH;
v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || '''';
--dbms_output.put_line(p_BILL_NUM);
END;
END IF;
IF (p_VOL_TYPE_CODE IS NOT NULL AND LENGTH(p_VOL_TYPE_CODE) >0) THEN --凭证类别编码
BEGIN
v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || ' AND VOUCHTYPE = ''';
v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || p_VOL_TYPE_CODE;
v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || '''';
--dbms_output.put_line(p_BILL_NUM);
END;
END IF;
IF (p_BILL_NUM IS NOT NULL AND LENGTH(p_BILL_NUM) >0) THEN --信息单号
BEGIN
v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || ' AND BILLCODES LIKE ''%';
v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || p_BILL_NUM;
v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || '%''';
--dbms_output.put_line(p_BILL_NUM);
END;
END IF;
IF (p_VOLUME_NUM IS NOT NULL AND LENGTH(p_VOLUME_NUM) >0) THEN --册号
BEGIN
v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || ' AND VOLUMENUM = ''';
v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || p_VOLUME_NUM;
v_sql_WHERE := v_sql_WHERE || '''';
--dbms_output.put_line(p_BILL_NUM);
END;
END IF;
p_QUERY_SQL := 'SQL4WHERE: ' || v_sql_WHERE; --dbms_output.put_line(v_sql || v_sql_WHERE || p_BILL_NUM);
--OPEN mycur(v_WHERE);
OPEN mycur FOR v_sql || v_sql_WHERE; LOOP--循环册记录
fetch mycur INTO V_VOLUME_ID,v_temp1,v_tempBILLCODES ;
EXIT WHEN mycur%NOTFOUND;
V_CNT := V_CNT + 1 ;
--DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE( V_CNT || ':BILLCODES = ' || v_tempBILLCODES);
OPEN mycur_split(v_tempBILLCODES,',');
LOOP--循环生成每一个册的单据记录
fetch mycur_split INTO v_temp2 ;
EXIT WHEN mycur_split%NOTFOUND;
--DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' ' || v_temp2);
--DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(' p_BILL_NUM= ' || p_BILL_NUM||',v_temp2='||v_temp2);
IF (p_BILL_NUM IS NULL OR p_BILL_NUM = TO_NUMBER(v_temp2)) THEN
v_temp1 := 'INSERT INTO TEMP_VOLUMES_QUERY (SELECT '''|| v_temp2 || ''',A.* FROM PUB_VOLUMES A WHERE volumeid = ' || V_VOLUME_ID || ')';--写入到临时表
--dbms_output.put_line( 'v_temp1=' || v_temp1);
execute immediate v_temp1;
END IF;
END LOOP;
CLOSE mycur_split; END LOOP; CLOSE mycur; --开始输出结果
v_sql := 'SELECT CE.DCODE,CE.VOLUMEID,CE.CORPCODE,CE.CORPNAME,QU.AREANAME,CE.YEAR,CE.MONTH,CE.BILLCODES,CE.VOUCHTYPE,SHI.ROOMNAME, ';
v_sql := v_sql || 'CE.VOLUMENUM,GUI.CABINETNUM,CE.CABINETLAYER FROM TEMP_VOLUMES_QUERY CE ';
v_sql := v_sql || 'LEFT OUTER JOIN PUB_CORPS NAME ON CE.CORPCODE = NAME.CORPCODE ';--册所属公司(产生单据的公司)
v_sql := v_sql || 'LEFT OUTER JOIN PUB_AREAS QU ON NAME.AREACODE=QU.AREACODE ';--册所属区域(产生单据的公司所在区域)
v_sql := v_sql || 'LEFT OUTER JOIN PUB_CABINETS GUI ON CE.CABINETCODE=GUI.CABINETCODE ';--册所在档案柜(保存的位置)
v_sql := v_sql || 'LEFT OUTER JOIN PUB_ARCHIVESROOMS SHI ON GUI.ROOMCODE = SHI.ROOMID ';--册(柜)所在档案室(保存的位置)
v_sql := v_sql || 'WHERE (GUI.ISMAIL = 0 OR GUI.ISSIGN = 1) ';--尚未邮寄的或者已签收的
v_sql := v_sql || 'AND CE.ISBORROW = ''0'' ';--尚未借出去的
IF (p_AREA_CODES IS NOT NULL AND LENGTH(p_AREA_CODES) >0) THEN --如果需要限制册的所属区域
BEGIN
v_sql := v_sql || 'AND QU.AREACODE IN ('|| p_AREA_CODES || ') ';
END;
END IF; p_QUERY_SQL := p_QUERY_SQL || ' SQL4RESULT: ' || v_sql;--返回 OPEN p_OutCursor FOR v_sql;
SELECT COUNT(1) INTO V_CNT FROM TEMP_VOLUMES_QUERY;
dbms_output.put_line(v_sql || ',V_CNT=' || V_CNT);
dbms_output.put_line(V_CNT);
delete from TEMP_VOLUMES_QUERY;
COMMIT; end SPLIT_VOLUMES; end;
/
三、结论
1、ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS 说明临时表是事务指定,每次提交后ORACLE将截断表(删除全部行)
2、ON COMMIT PRESERVE ROWS 说明临时表是会话指定,当中断会话时ORACLE将截断表。
3、临时表(无论会话级还是事务级)中的数据都是会话隔离的,不同session之间不会共享数据。
4、在存储中使用事务级临时表时,注意commit前删除掉本事务的数据,否则可能会出现数据不断增加的情况(原因尚未搞明白)。
5、 两种临时表的语法:
create global temporary table 临时表名 on commit preserve|delete rows;
用preserve时就是SESSION级的临时表,
用delete就是TRANSACTION级的临时表。
6、特性和性能(与普通表和视图的比较)
临时表只在当前连接内有效;
临时表不建立索引,所以如果数据量比较大或进行多次查询时,不推荐使用;
数据处理比较复杂的时候时表快,反之视图快点;
在仅仅查询数据的时候建议用游标: open cursor for 'sql clause'