爬虫-day02-抓取和分析

###页面抓取###

1、urllib3

    是一个功能强大且好用的HTTP客户端，弥补了Python标准库中的不足

    安装： pip install urllib3

    使用：

import urllib3

http = urllib3.PoolManager()

response = http.request('GET', 'http://news.qq.com')

print(response.headers)

result = response.data.decode('gbk')

print(result)

发送HTTPS协议的请求

安装依赖 ： pip install certifi

import  certifi

import urllib3

http = urllib3.PoolManager(cert_reqs = 'CERT_REQUIRED', ca_certs = certifi.where()) #添加证书

resp = http.request('GET', 'http://news.baidu.com/')

print(resp.data.decode('utf-8'))

####带上参数

import urllib3

from urllib.parse import urlencode

http = urllib3.PoolManager()

args = {'wd' : '人民币'}

# url = 'http://www.baidu.com/s?%s' % (args)

url = 'http://www.baidu.com/s?%s' % (urlencode(args))

print(url)

# resp = http.request('GET' , url)

# print(resp.data.decode('utf-8'))

headers = {

    'Accept' : 'text/javascript, application/javascript, application/ecmascript, application/x-ecmascript, **; q=0.01',

    'Accept-Encoding' : 'gzip, deflate, br',

    'Accept-Language' : 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',

    'Connection' : 'keep-alive',

    'Host' : 'www.baidu.com',

    'Referer' : 'https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=人民币',

    'User-Agent' : "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/66.0.3359.139 Safari/537.36"

}

resp8 = requests.get(url8, fields=args8, headers=headers8)

print(resp8.text)