DRBD:Distributed Replicated Block Device 分布式复制块设备,原理图如下

corosync+pacemaker and drbd实现mysql高可用集群-LMLPHP

DRBD 有主双架构和双主架构的,当处于主从架构时,这个设备一定只有一个节点是可以读写的,另外的节点是不可读的,连挂载都不可能,只有一个节点是主的,其它节 点都是从的。当做为主主架构时,需要达到几个条件,1.在高可用集群中启用DRBD;  2. 启用分布式文件锁功能,即需要把磁盘格式化为集群文件系统(如GFS2,OCFS2等);3. 把DRBD做成资源。

数据的存储过程: 当某个进程存储数据时在内核中通过DRBD模块复制一分通过TCP/IP套接字发送到从节点上去,从节点的DRBD在套接字上接收数据并通过DRBD模块 存储到磁盘,并把结果返回给主节点 。但是内核传输的速度很快,而TCP报文的传输速度相对来说要慢得多,于是会把数据存入TCP协议栈的发送缓冲区,然后从缓冲区慢慢传递到从节点上。这个 数据传输过程有三个模型:

A : 异步模型,当内核把DRBD模块中复制的数据已经以报文方式发送到本地的TCP协议栈的缓冲区,至是从节点的数据是否已经传送到,保存是否完整,无法保证;

B : 半同步模型,报文已经发送到从节点的套接字上,已经接收,并发往内核,但从节点的存储过程没有回应过程。

C:同步模型,报文发往从节点,从节点已经接收,并发往内核,内核已经把数据报文存储到磁盘,并把结果返回给主节点,这个是默认的数据传输模型,可以保证数据的完整性。

安装环境:

centos6.5,安装corosync和pacemaker过程请参见上一篇博客,上一个环境安装的配置接口是crmsh,这里安装的是pcs,安装pcs比较简单,#yum install pcs –y  即可

安装完成后集群状态如下:

corosync+pacemaker and drbd实现mysql高可用集群-LMLPHP

现在看到两个集群节点mysql1 mysql2在线,pacemaker是做为插件在使用的,没有stonith设备,只有两个节点,所以quorum也要忽略

#pcs property set stonith-enabled=false

# pcs property set no-quorum-policy=ignore

#pcs config show                                               查看配置文件

corosync+pacemaker and drbd实现mysql高可用集群-LMLPHP

显示错误还没有集群配置文件,stonith已经禁用,quorum已经忽略

安装drbd:

根据官方文档,drbd在内核2.6.33版本以后就已经装载进了内核,不需要再额外安装drbd,只需要安装drbdadm管理软件就行,我这里用的是centos6.5,内核版本是2.6.32,所以还需要安装

corosync+pacemaker and drbd实现mysql高可用集群-LMLPHP

drbd版本有8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4,我这里用的是已经做好的rpm包进行安装,下载目录:ftp://rpmfind.net/linux/atrpms/

把drbd的两个rpm包放在/root目录下,然后执行# yum --nogpgcheck localinstall *.rpm

--nogpgcheck 不执行gpg检测,因为在centos里面没有认证文件

corosync+pacemaker and drbd实现mysql高可用集群-LMLPHP

在两个节点上安装完成。加载DRBD模块

1
2
3
4
[root@mysql1 ~]# modprobe drbd
[root@mysql1 ~]# lsmod | grep drbd
drbd                  325978  0
libcrc32c               1246  1 drbd
1
创建一个新的磁盘分区做为DRBD的共享磁盘,我这里是xen虚拟机添加的一个磁盘/dev/xvdb,创建的磁盘为/dev/xvdb1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
[root@mysql1 drbd.d]# fdisk /dev/xvdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x218cde3e.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
 
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
 
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').
 
Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610):
Using default value 2610
 
Command (m for help): p
 
Disk /dev/xvdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x218cde3e
 
    Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/xvdb1               1        2610    20964793+  83  Linux
 
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
 
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

在mysql2节点上执行同样的操作。

配置drbd:

在/etc目录下有一个文件drbd.conf 主配置文件,里面主要调用了/etc/drbd.d/目录下的配置文件

corosync+pacemaker and drbd实现mysql高可用集群-LMLPHP

配置/etc/drbd.d/global_common.conf

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
global {
    usage-count no;
    # minor-count dialog-refresh disable-ip-verification
}
 
common {
        protocol C;
    handlers {
                pri-on-incon-degr "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-pri-on-incon-degr.sh; /usr/lib/drbd/notify-emergency-reboot.sh; echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger ; reboot -f";
                pri-lost-after-sb "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-pri-lost-after-sb.sh; /usr/lib/drbd/notify-emergency-reboot.sh; echo b > /proc/sysrq-trigger ; reboot -f";
                local-io-error "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-io-error.sh; /usr/lib/drbd/notify-emergency-shutdown.sh; echo o > /proc/sysrq-trigger ; halt -f";
                 #fence-peer "/usr/lib/drbd/crm-fence-peer.sh";
                 #split-brain "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-split-brain.sh root";
                 #out-of-sync "/usr/lib/drbd/notify-out-of-sync.sh root";
                 #before-resync-target "/usr/lib/drbd/snapshot-resync-target-lvm.sh -p 15 -- -c 16k";
                 #after-resync-target /usr/lib/drbd/unsnapshot-resync-target-lvm.sh;
    }#这个配置文件主要是防止脑裂的发生
 
    startup {
        # wfc-timeout degr-wfc-timeout outdated-wfc-timeout wait-after-sb
                wfc-timeout 120;
                degr-wfc-timeout 120;  
}
 
    options {
        # cpu-mask on-no-data-accessible
    }
 
    disk {
            on-io-error detach;
                #fencing resource-only;
        }
 
    net {
                cram-hmac-alg "sha1";
                shared-secret "drbd1";
    }
        syncer {
                rate 1000M;
        }
}

在/etc/drbd.d/目录下再创建一个磁盘的资源

#vim /etc/drbd.d/stone.res

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
resource mysql{
  on mysql1 {
    device    /dev/drbd0;
    disk      /dev/xvdb1;
    address   10.204.80.86:7789;
    meta-disk internal;
  }
  on mysql2 {
    device    /dev/drbd0;
    disk      /dev/xvdb1;
    address   10.204.80.85:7789;
    meta-disk internal;
  }
}

把这两个文件复制到mysql2节点上

然后在两个节点上初始化资源,分别执行

#drbdadm create-md mysql                                                           --这个资源是在stone.res文件中定义的资源

corosync+pacemaker and drbd实现mysql高可用集群-LMLPHP

显示初始化成功

启动drbd服务

#service drbd start

查看drbd状态

#cat /proc/drbd

corosync+pacemaker and drbd实现mysql高可用集群-LMLPHP

上面的信息两个节点都处于Secondary 状态,将mysql1节点设置为Primary

#drbdadm  primary  --force mysql

corosync+pacemaker and drbd实现mysql高可用集群-LMLPHP

如上所示,数据同步过程已经开始,过一段时间后查看drbd状态

corosync+pacemaker and drbd实现mysql高可用集群-LMLPHP

显示资源已经是主从状态

创建文件系统:

#mke2fs –t ext4 –L drbd /dev/drbd0                  #格式化为ext4文件系统,并指定label名为drbd

corosync+pacemaker and drbd实现mysql高可用集群-LMLPHP

创建/data目录,并挂载分区

#mkdir /data

#mount /dev/drbd0 /data

corosync+pacemaker and drbd实现mysql高可用集群-LMLPHP

挂载成功

在/data目录中创建 a,b,c,d四个文件,然后再手动切换Primary/Secondary节点

在节点mysql1上执行

1
2
3
4
5
#cd /data && touch {a,b,c,d}
 
#umount /data
 
#drbdadm secondary mysql

corosync+pacemaker and drbd实现mysql高可用集群-LMLPHP

可以看到drbd的状态又重新变为secondary /secondary状态

在mysql2节点上把drbd节点设置为Primary 状态,创建/data 目录 ,并挂载

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
#drbdadm primary mysql
 
#cat /proc/drbd
 
#mkdir /data
 
#mount /dev/drbd0 /data
 
#ls /data

corosync+pacemaker and drbd实现mysql高可用集群-LMLPHP

可以看到在mysql1节点上创建的a,b,c,d四个文件在mysql2节点上依然存在,drbd共享存储已经Ok

安装mysql,创建集群资源,安装mysql过程略

配置资源资源

pcs创建资源可以用 #pcs ? 可以查看帮助信息

# pcs resource create mysqlip ipaddr ip=10.204.80.89 cidr_netmask=24 nic=eth0

添加DRBD资源,提供drbd的RA目前由OCF归类为linbit,其路径为/usr/lib/ocf/resource.d/linbit /drbd。drbd 需要同时运行在两个节点上,但只能有一个节点(primary/secondary模型)是Master,而另一个节点为Slave;因此,它是一种比较 特殊的集群资源,其资源类型为多状态(Multi-state)clone类型,即主机节点有Master和Slave之分,且要求服务刚启动时两个节点 都处于slave状态。

#pcs resource create  primitive mysqldrbd ocf:linbit:drbd params drbd_resource=mysql op monitor role=Master interval=50s timeout=30s op monitor role=Slave interval=60s timeout=30s  op start timeout=240 op stop timeout=100

或者#crm configure primitive mysqldrbd ocf:linbit:drbd params drbd_resource=mysql op monitor role=Master interval=10s timeout=20s op monitor role=Slave interval=20s timeout=20s op start timeout=240 op stop timeout=100

#pcs resource master ms_mysqldrbd mysqldrbd meta master-max="1" master-node-max="1" clone-max="2" clone-node-max="1" notify="true"

或者#crm configure ms ms_myqldrbd mysqldrbd  meta master-max="1" master-node-max="1" clone-max="2" clone-node-max="1" notify="true"

把drbd定义为clone资源,查看资源状态#pcs resource show

corosync+pacemaker and drbd实现mysql高可用集群-LMLPHP

但做为文件系统还需要挂载,把drbd挂载到/data目录

# pcs resource create drbdfs ocf:heartbeat:Filesystem params device="/dev/drbd0" directory="/data" fstype="ext4"

查看资源状态

corosync+pacemaker and drbd实现mysql高可用集群-LMLPHP

文件系统挂载drbdfs必须和Master mysqldrbd在同一节点上,必须先启动mysqldrbd然后才能挂载drbdfs文件系统,所以必须定义资源约束

# pcs constraint colocation add  drbdfs with master MS_mysqldrbd

# pcs constraint order promote MS_mysqldrbd then drbdfs                    ###drbd的资源添加完成

# pcs resource create MySQLD lsb:mysqld op monitor interval=20 timeout=20 on-fail=restart ###添加MySQLD 服务资源完成,定义MySQLD的资源约束,必须drbdfs文件系统先挂载然后才能启动MySQLD服务

# pcs constraint order drbdfs then MySQLD

corosync+pacemaker and drbd实现mysql高可用集群-LMLPHP

把mysqlip ,drbdfs 和MySQLD服务定义到同一个资源组

# pcs resource group add myservice mysqlip drbdfs MySQLD

查看资源状态

corosync+pacemaker and drbd实现mysql高可用集群-LMLPHP

定义资源组的约束

#pcs constraint order mysqlip then promote MS_mysqldrbd then drbdfs then MySQLD

查看集群的配置信息

#pcs config show

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
root@mysql1 /]# pcs config show
Cluster Name:
Corosync Nodes:
  
Pacemaker Nodes:
 mysql1 mysql2
 
Resources:
 Master: ms_mysqldrbd
  Meta Attrs: master-max=1 master-node-max=1 clone-max=2 clone-node-max=1 notify=true
  Resource: mysqldrbd (class=ocf provider=linbit type=drbd)
   Attributes: drbd_resource=mysql
   Operations: monitor interval=50s role=Master timeout=30s (mysqldrbd-monitor-interval-50s-role-Master)
               monitor interval=60s role=Slave timeout=30s (mysqldrbd-monitor-interval-60s-role-Slave)
 Group: myservice
  Resource: mysqlip (class=ocf provider=heartbeat type=IPaddr)
   Attributes: ip=10.204.80.89
   Operations: monitor interval=60s (mysqlip-monitor-interval-60s)
  Resource: drbdfs (class=ocf provider=heartbeat type=Filesystem)
   Attributes: device=/dev/drbd0 directory=/data fstype=ext4
   Operations: monitor interval=60s (drbdfs-monitor-interval-60s)
  Resource: MySQLD (class=lsb type=mysqld)
   Operations: monitor on-fail=restart interval=20 timeout=20 (MySQLD-monitor-interval-20)
 
Stonith Devices:
Fencing Levels:
 
Location Constraints:
Ordering Constraints:
  promote ms_mysqldrbd then start drbdfs (Mandatory) (id:order-ms_mysqldrbd-drbdfs-mandatory)
  start drbdfs then start MySQLD (Mandatory) (id:order-drbdfs-MySQLD-mandatory)
Colocation Constraints:
  drbdfs with ms_mysqldrbd (INFINITY) (rsc-role:Started) (with-rsc-role:Master) (id:colocation-drbdfs-ms_mysqldrbd-INFINITY-1)
 
Cluster Properties:
 cluster-infrastructure: classic openais (with plugin)
 dc-version: 1.1.10-14.el6_5.3-368c726
 expected-quorum-votes: 2
 no-quorum-policy: ignore
 stonith-enabled: false
1
资源状态情况查看
1
<a target="\"_blank\"" href="http://img1.51cto.com/attachment/201410/11/287547_14129899470cu1.png"><img onunload="" onsubmit="" onselect="" onresize="" onreset="" onmouseup="" onmouseover="" onmouseout="" onmousemove="" onmousedown="" onkeyup="" onkeypress="" onkeydown="" onfocus="" onerror="" ondblclick="" onclick="" onchange="" onblur="" onabort="" onload="if(this.width>650) this.width=650;" style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px;  border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="image_thumb" alt="image_thumb" src="http://img1.51cto.com/attachment/201410/11/287547_1412989948zXME.png" "469"="" height="363" border="0"></a>
1
用其他机器连到10.204.80.89的mysql
1
<a target="\"_blank\"" href="http://img1.51cto.com/attachment/201410/11/287547_1412989948oOXf.png"><img onunload="" onsubmit="" onselect="" onresize="" onreset="" onmouseup="" onmouseover="" onmouseout="" onmousemove="" onmousedown="" onkeyup="" onkeypress="" onkeydown="" onfocus="" onerror="" ondblclick="" onclick="" onchange="" onblur="" onabort="" onload="if(this.width>650) this.width=650;" style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px;  border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="image_thumb1" alt="image_thumb1" src="http://img1.51cto.com/attachment/201410/11/287547_1412989948YElu.png" "557"="" height="223" border="0"></a>
1
已经可以正常连接,把mysql1设置为standby
1
<a target="\"_blank\"" href="http://img1.51cto.com/attachment/201410/11/287547_1412989948p4V6.png"><img onunload="" onsubmit="" onselect="" onresize="" onreset="" onmouseup="" onmouseover="" onmouseout="" onmousemove="" onmousedown="" onkeyup="" onkeypress="" onkeydown="" onfocus="" onerror="" ondblclick="" onclick="" onchange="" onblur="" onabort="" onload="if(this.width>650) this.width=650;" style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px;  border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="image_thumb2" alt="image_thumb2" src="http://img1.51cto.com/attachment/201410/11/287547_1412989949GfXR.png" "468"="" height="682" border="0"></a>
1
发现mysql的集群已经正常转移,高可用集群正常

转载:http://piao719.blog.51cto.com/287547/1562390

04-30 22:17