具体的可以参考这里
他的最大特点是快, 当你的系统有上万个tcp链接要了解的时候的时候, 你就知道我说什么了. netstat等常规工具变成废铁了, 这时候他的作用就非常明显了.
从技术上讲, 它主要是通过/proc来获取各种各样的统计信息. 特别是当处理tcp的时候用到了, tcp_diag功能. tcp_diag是tcp协议栈用于诊断和统计的一个模块, 用netfilter来获取第一手的信息的. ss就用到了这个技术, 保证了信息的快捷获取.
这个软件是隶属于iproute包的, 如果你的系统没有的话可以这样安装:
apt-get -y install iproute |
用它可以了解下协议栈占用的内存, 每个链接的队列使用情况, 每个链接属于哪个进程.
而之前唯一能用的就是:
watch -n 1 'cat /proc/net/sockstat' |
下面简单介绍下他的使用:
root@ubuntu:/usr/src/iproute-20090324/misc# ss --help |
ss [ OPTIONS ] [ FILTER ] |
-V, --version output version information |
-n, --numeric don't resolve service names |
-r, --resolve resolve host names |
-a, --all display all sockets |
-l, --listening display listening sockets |
-o, --options show timer information |
-e, --extended show detailed socket information |
-m, --memory show socket memory usage |
-p, --processes show process using socket |
-i, --info show internal TCP information |
-s, --summary show socket usage summary |
-4, --ipv4 display only IP version 4 sockets |
-6, --ipv6 display only IP version 6 sockets |
-0, --packet display PACKET sockets |
-t, --tcp display only TCP sockets |
-u, --udp display only UDP sockets |
-d, --dccp display only DCCP sockets |
-w, --raw display only RAW sockets |
-x, --unix display only Unix domain sockets |
-f, --family=FAMILY display sockets of type FAMILY |
QUERY := {all|inet|tcp|udp|raw|unix|packet|netlink}[,QUERY] |
-F, --filter=FILE read filter information from FILE |
FILTER := [ state TCP-STATE ] [ EXPRESSION ] |
root@ubuntu:/usr/src/iproute-20090324/misc# ss -s |
TCP: 21 (estab 7, closed 0, orphaned 0, synrecv 0, timewait 0/0), ports 0 |
root@ubuntu:/usr/src/iproute-20090324/misc# ss -t -m |
State
Recv-Q
Send-Q
Local
Address:Port
Peer Address:Port |
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.235.147:ssh 192.168.235.155:4251 |
CLOSE-WAIT
38
0192.168.235.147:13910
174.36.30.67:https |
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.235.147:ssh 192.168.235.155:4635 |
ESTAB
0
0127.0.0.1:4369
127.0.0.1:54620 |
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.235.147:ssh 192.168.235.155:1095 |
ESTAB
0
0127.0.0.1:4369
127.0.0.1:44234 |
ESTAB
0
0127.0.0.1:54620
127.0.0.1:4369 |
ESTAB
0
0127.0.0.1:44234
127.0.0.1:4369 |
root@ubuntu:/usr/src/iproute-20090324/misc# ss -p |
State
Recv-Q
Send-Q
Local
Address:Port
Peer Address:Port |
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.235.147:ssh 192.168.235.155:4251 users:(("sshd",8373,3)) |
CLOSE-WAIT
38
0192.168.235.147:13910
174.36.30.67:https users:(("dropbox",2674,13)) |
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.235.147:ssh 192.168.235.155:4635 users:(("sshd",350,3)) |
ESTAB
0
0127.0.0.1:4369
127.0.0.1:54620 users:(("epmd",28338,5)) |
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.235.147:ssh 192.168.235.155:1095 users:(("sshd",29044,3)) |
ESTAB
0
0127.0.0.1:4369
127.0.0.1:44234 users:(("epmd",28338,4)) |
ESTAB
0
0127.0.0.1:54620
127.0.0.1:4369 users:(("beam.smp",25947,11)) |
ESTAB
0
0127.0.0.1:44234
127.0.0.1:4369 users:(("inet_gethost",23783,8),("inet_gethost",23784,8)) |
root@ubuntu:/usr/src/iproute-20090324/misc# ss -i |
State
Recv-Q
Send-Q
Local
Address:Port
Peer Address:Port |
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.235.147:ssh 192.168.235.155:4251 |
cubic rto:396 rtt:124.5/66 ato:40 cwnd:4 send 375.3Kbps rcv_rtt:296456 rcv_space:66472 |
CLOSE-WAIT
38
0192.168.235.147:13910
174.36.30.67:https |
cubic wscale:7,9 rto:612 rtt:256/52 ato:40 cwnd:5 send 213.8Kbps rcv_rtt:259 rcv_space:5840 |
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.235.147:ssh 192.168.235.155:4635 |
cubic rto:356 rtt:144/33 ato:40 cwnd:4 send 324.4Kbps rcv_rtt:511258 rcv_space:46760 |
ESTAB
0
0127.0.0.1:4369
127.0.0.1:54620 |
cubic wscale:9,9 rto:204 rtt:4/2 ato:40 cwnd:3 send 98.3Mbps rcv_space:32768 |
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.235.147:ssh 192.168.235.155:1095 |
cubic rto:232 rtt:21/18 ato:40 cwnd:5 ssthresh:4 send 2.8Mbps rcv_rtt:173516 rcv_space:118904 |
ESTAB
0
0127.0.0.1:4369
127.0.0.1:44234 |
cubic wscale:9,9 rto:204 rtt:4/2 ato:40 cwnd:3 send 98.3Mbps rcv_space:32768 |
ESTAB
0
0127.0.0.1:54620
127.0.0.1:4369 |
cubic wscale:9,9 rto:204 rtt:4/2 ato:40 cwnd:3 send 98.3Mbps rcv_space:32792 |
ESTAB
0
0127.0.0.1:44234
127.0.0.1:4369 |
cubic wscale:9,9 rto:204 rtt:4/2 ato:40 cwnd:3 send 98.3Mbps rcv_space:32792 |
root@ubuntu:/usr/src/iproute-20090324/misc# ss -e |
State
Recv-Q
Send-Q
Local
Address:Port
Peer Address:Port |
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.235.147:ssh 192.168.235.155:4251 timer:(keepalive,50min,0) ino:1843366 sk:c2ea2600 |
CLOSE-WAIT
38
0192.168.235.147:13910
174.36.30.67:https ino:12200 sk:c2ea2140 |
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.235.147:ssh 192.168.235.155:4635 timer:(keepalive,2min59sec,0) ino:1101514 sk:c2ea4740 |
ESTAB
0
0127.0.0.1:4369
127.0.0.1:54620 ino:2309430 sk:c2ea2ac0 |
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.235.147:ssh 192.168.235.155:1095 timer:(keepalive,6min59sec,0) ino:379842 sk:c2f4af80 |
ESTAB
0
0127.0.0.1:4369
127.0.0.1:44234 ino:2044745 sk:c2ea3440 |
ESTAB
0
0127.0.0.1:54620
127.0.0.1:4369 ino:2309429 sk:c2ea7200 |
ESTAB
0
0127.0.0.1:44234
127.0.0.1:4369 ino:2044744 sk:c2ea1300 |
root@ubuntu:/usr/src/iproute-20090324/misc# ss -o |
State
Recv-Q
Send-Q
Local
Address:Port
Peer Address:Port |
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.235.147:ssh 192.168.235.155:4251 timer:(keepalive,50min,0) |
CLOSE-WAIT
38
0192.168.235.147:13910
174.36.30.67:https |
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.235.147:ssh 192.168.235.155:4635 timer:(keepalive,2min50sec,0) |
ESTAB
0
0127.0.0.1:4369
127.0.0.1:54620 |
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.235.147:ssh 192.168.235.155:1095 timer:(keepalive,6min50sec,0) |
ESTAB
0
0127.0.0.1:4369
127.0.0.1:44234 |
ESTAB
0
0127.0.0.1:54620
127.0.0.1:4369 |
ESTAB
0
0127.0.0.1:44234
127.0.0.1:4369 |
Have fun!!!