Httpd服务入门知识-正向代理和反向代理
作者：尹正杰
版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。
一.正向代理和反向代理
启用反向代理
ProxyPass "/" "http://www.example.com/"
ProxyPassReverse "/" "http://www.example.com/"
特定URL反向代理
ProxyPass "/images" "http://www.example.com/"
ProxyPassReverse "/images" http://www.example.com/
示例：
<VirtualHost *>
ServerName www.yinzhengjie.org.cn
ProxyPass / http://localhost:8080/
ProxyPassReverse / http://localhost:8080/
</VirtualHost>
二.反向代理配置实战
1>.试验节点角色分配
node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn
客户端 node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn:
提供"/"路径的服务 node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn:
提供"/blog"路径的服务 node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn:
反向代理服务器
2>.node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点配置
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirror.jdcloud.com
* extras: mirror.jdcloud.com
* updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
base | 3.6 kB ::
extras | 2.9 kB ::
updates | 2.9 kB ::
updates//x86_64/primary_db | 5.8 MB ::
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.-.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-.so.()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libapr-.so.()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package apr.x86_64 :1.4.-.el7 will be installed
---> Package apr-util.x86_64 :1.5.-.el7 will be installed
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =======================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=======================================================================================================================
Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.-.el7.centos base 2.7 M
Installing for dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.4.-.el7 base k
apr-util x86_64 1.5.-.el7 base k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.-.el7.centos base k Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================================================
Install Package (+ Dependent packages) Total download size: 3.0 M
Installed size: 9.9 M
Downloading packages:
(/): apr-util-1.5.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): apr-1.4.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB ::
(/): httpd-tools-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total kB/s | 3.0 MB ::
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : apr-1.4.-.el7.x86_64 /
Installing : apr-util-1.5.-.el7.x86_64 /
Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64 /
Installing : httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64 /
Verifying : apr-1.4.-.el7.x86_64 /
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64 /
Verifying : apr-util-1.5.-.el7.x86_64 /
Verifying : httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64 / Installed:
httpd.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos Dependency Installed:
apr.x86_64 :1.4.-.el7 apr-util.x86_64 :1.5.-.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos Complete!
[[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install httpd
[[email protected] ~]# echo "<h1>node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn<h1>" > /var/www/html/index.html
[[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
<h1>node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn<h1>
[[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start httpd
[[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# ss -ntl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN *: *:*
LISTEN *: *:*
LISTEN ::: :::*
[[email protected] ~]#
3>.node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点配置
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
base | 3.6 kB ::
extras | 2.9 kB ::
updates | 2.9 kB ::
(/): base//x86_64/group_gz | kB ::
(/): extras//x86_64/primary_db | kB ::
(/): base//x86_64/primary_db | 6.0 MB ::
(/): updates//x86_64/primary_db | 5.8 MB ::
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.-.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-.so.()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libapr-.so.()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package apr.x86_64 :1.4.-.el7 will be installed
---> Package apr-util.x86_64 :1.5.-.el7 will be installed
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ===============================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===============================================================================================================
Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.-.el7.centos base 2.7 M
Installing for dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.4.-.el7 base k
apr-util x86_64 1.5.-.el7 base k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.-.el7.centos base k Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================================
Install Package (+ Dependent packages) Total download size: 3.0 M
Installed size: 9.9 M
Downloading packages:
(/): apr-util-1.5.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): apr-1.4.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): httpd-tools-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB ::
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 2.6 MB/s | 3.0 MB ::
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : apr-1.4.-.el7.x86_64 /
Installing : apr-util-1.5.-.el7.x86_64 /
Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64 /
Installing : httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64 /
Verifying : apr-1.4.-.el7.x86_64 /
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64 /
Verifying : apr-util-1.5.-.el7.x86_64 /
Verifying : httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64 / Installed:
httpd.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos Dependency Installed:
apr.x86_64 :1.4.-.el7 apr-util.x86_64 :1.5.-.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos Complete!
[[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install httpd
[[email protected] ~]# echo "<h1>https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/</h1>" > /var/www/html/index.html
[[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
<h1>https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/</h1>
[[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start httpd
[[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# ss -tnl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN *: *:*
LISTEN *: *:*
LISTEN ::: :::*
[[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]#
4>.node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn节点配置
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
* base: mirror.jdcloud.com
* extras: mirror.jdcloud.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base | 3.6 kB ::
extras | 2.9 kB ::
updates | 2.9 kB ::
(/): base//x86_64/group_gz | kB ::
(/): extras//x86_64/primary_db | kB ::
(/): base//x86_64/primary_db | 6.0 MB ::
(/): updates//x86_64/primary_db | 5.8 MB ::
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package httpd.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.-.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-.so.()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libapr-.so.()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package apr.x86_64 :1.4.-.el7 will be installed
---> Package apr-util.x86_64 :1.5.-.el7 will be installed
---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =============================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=============================================================================================================================================
Installing:
httpd x86_64 2.4.-.el7.centos base 2.7 M
Installing for dependencies:
apr x86_64 1.4.-.el7 base k
apr-util x86_64 1.5.-.el7 base k
httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.-.el7.centos base k Transaction Summary
=============================================================================================================================================
Install Package (+ Dependent packages) Total download size: 3.0 M
Installed size: 9.9 M
Downloading packages:
(/): httpd-tools-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): apr-1.4.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
(/): apr-util-1.5.-.el7.x86_64.rpm | kB ::
httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_ FAILED ] 1.6 B/s | kB :: ETA
http://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/7.7.1908/os/x86_64/Packages/httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://mirrors.nju.e
du.cn/centos/7.7./os/x86_64/Packages/httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')Trying other mirror.
(/): httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB ::
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total kB/s | 3.0 MB ::
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : apr-1.4.-.el7.x86_64 /
Installing : apr-util-1.5.-.el7.x86_64 /
Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64 /
Installing : httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64 /
Verifying : apr-1.4.-.el7.x86_64 /
Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64 /
Verifying : apr-util-1.5.-.el7.x86_64 /
Verifying : httpd-2.4.-.el7.centos.x86_64 / Installed:
httpd.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos Dependency Installed:
apr.x86_64 :1.4.-.el7 apr-util.x86_64 :1.5.-.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 :2.4.-.el7.centos Complete!
[[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install httpd
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/proxy.conf
#ProxyPass "/" "http://node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn/" #此处我将配置注释掉了，此时无法访问node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn，但是可以访问node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn，想要同时启用则不行，还是推荐使用nginx或者haproxy来做反向代理吧。
#ProxyPassReverse "/" "http://node105.yinzhengjie.org.cn/" ProxyPass "/blog" "http://node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn/"
ProxyPassReverse "/blog" "http://node106.yinzhengjie.org.cn/"
[[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# httpd -t
Syntax OK
[[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start httpd
[[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]# ss -ntl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN *: *:*
LISTEN *: *:*
LISTEN ::: :::*
[[email protected] ~]#
[[email protected] ~]#
5>.客户端访问
[[email protected] ~]# curl http://node107.yinzhengjie.org.cn/blog
<h1>https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/</h1>
[[email protected] ~]#
三.httpd服务的应用
httpd主要应用在于web服务器，比如常见的lamp架构。 httpd可以支持反向代理的功能，但和nginx，haproxy相比httpd显得有点逊色了。 生产环境中httpd做反向代理的案例特别的少，因此不推荐大家使用httpd做反向代理，推荐使用专业的nginx或者haproxy来做反向代理。