请求消息和响应消息都可以包含实体信息,实体信息一般由实体头域和实体组成。实体头域包含关于实体的原信息,实体头包括Allow、Content- Base、Content-Encoding、Content-Language、 Content-Length、Content-Location、Content-MD5、Content-Range、Content-Type、 Etag、Expires、Last-Modified、extension-header。
Content-Type是返回消息中非常重要的内容,表示后面的文档属于什么MIME类型。Content-Type: [type]/[subtype]; parameter。例如最常见的就是text/html,它的意思是说返回的内容是文本类型,这个文本又是HTML格式的。原则上浏览器会根据Content-Type来决定如何显示返回的消息体内容。
type有下面的形式
Text:用于标准化地表示的文本信息,文本消息可以是多种字符集和或者多种格式的;
Multipart:用于连接消息体的多个部分构成一个消息,这些部分可以是不同类型的数据;
Application:用于传输应用程序数据或者二进制数据;
Message:用于包装一个E-mail消息;
Image:用于传输静态图片数据;
Audio:用于传输音频或者音声数据;
Video:用于传输动态影像数据,可以是与音频编辑在一起的视频数据格式。
subtype用于指定type的详细形式。content-type/subtype配对的集合和与此相关的参数,将随着时间而增长。为了确保这些值在一个有序而且公开的状态下开发,MIME使用Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)作为中心的注册机制来管理这些值。
parameter可以用来指定附加的信息,更多情况下是用于指定text/plain和text/htm等的文字编码方式的charset参数。MIME根据type制定了默认的subtype,当客户端不能确定消息的subtype的情况下,消息被看作默认的subtype进行处理。Text默认是text/plain,Application默认是application/octet-stream而Multipart默认情况下被看作multipart/mixed。对于IE6浏览器来说,如果Content-Type中的类型和实际的消息体类型不一致,那么它会根据内容中的类型来分析实际应该是什么类型,对于JPG、GIF等常用图片格式都可以正确的识别出来,而不管Content-Type中写的是什么。
如果Content-Type中指定的是浏览器可以直接打开的类型,那么浏览器就会直接打开其内容显示出来,如果是被关联到其它应用程序的类型,这时就要查找注册表中关于这种类型的注册情况,如果是允许直接打开而不需要询问的,就会直接调出这个关联的应用程序来打开这个文件,但如果是不允许直接打开的,就会询问是否打开。对于没有关联到任何应用程序的类型,IE浏览器不知道它该如何打开,此时IE6就会把它当成XML来尝试打开。
如果要想实现文件下载,可以在http的头中加入:
fprintf(file, "Content-Disposition:attachment; filename=\"%s\" \r\n", fileName);
经过测试,html,pdf,gif等原来在网页中打开的文件都可以正常实现下载。
'hqx' => 'application/mac-binhex40',
'cpt' => 'application/mac-compactpro',
'doc' => 'application/msword',
'bin' => 'application/octet-stream',
'dms' => 'application/octet-stream',
'lha' => 'application/octet-stream',
'lzh' => 'application/octet-stream',
'exe' => 'application/octet-stream',
'class' => 'application/octet-stream',
'so' => 'application/octet-stream',
'dll' => 'application/octet-stream',
'oda' => 'application/oda',
'pdf' => 'application/pdf',
'ai' => 'application/postscript',
'eps' => 'application/postscript',
'ps' => 'application/postscript',
'smi' => 'application/smil',
'smil' => 'application/smil',
'mif' => 'application/vnd.mif',
'xls' => 'application/vnd.ms-excel',
'ppt' => 'application/vnd.ms-powerpoint',
'wbxml' => 'application/vnd.wap.wbxml',
'wmlc' => 'application/vnd.wap.wmlc',
'wmlsc' => 'application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc',
'bcpio' => 'application/x-bcpio',
'vcd' => 'application/x-cdlink',
'pgn' => 'application/x-chess-pgn',
'cpio' => 'application/x-cpio',
'csh' => 'application/x-csh',
'dcr' => 'application/x-director',
'dir' => 'application/x-director',
'dxr' => 'application/x-director',
'dvi' => 'application/x-dvi',
'spl' => 'application/x-futuresplash',
'gtar' => 'application/x-gtar',
'hdf' => 'application/x-hdf',
'js' => 'application/x-javascript',
'skp' => 'application/x-koan',
'skd' => 'application/x-koan',
'skt' => 'application/x-koan',
'skm' => 'application/x-koan',
'latex' => 'application/x-latex',
'nc' => 'application/x-netcdf',
'cdf' => 'application/x-netcdf',
'sh' => 'application/x-sh',
'shar' => 'application/x-shar',
'swf' => 'application/x-shockwave-flash',
'sit' => 'application/x-stuffit',
'sv4cpio' => 'application/x-sv4cpio',
'sv4crc' => 'application/x-sv4crc',
'tar' => 'application/x-tar',
'tcl' => 'application/x-tcl',
'tex' => 'application/x-tex',
'texinfo' => 'application/x-texinfo',
'texi' => 'application/x-texinfo',
't' => 'application/x-troff',
'tr' => 'application/x-troff',
'roff' => 'application/x-troff',
'man' => 'application/x-troff-man',
'me' => 'application/x-troff-me',
'ms' => 'application/x-troff-ms',
'ustar' => 'application/x-ustar',
'src' => 'application/x-wais-source',
'xhtml' => 'application/xhtml+xml',
'xht' => 'application/xhtml+xml',
'zip' => 'application/zip',
'au' => 'audio/basic',
'snd' => 'audio/basic',
'mid' => 'audio/midi',
'midi' => 'audio/midi',
'kar' => 'audio/midi',
'mpga' => 'audio/mpeg',
'mp2' => 'audio/mpeg',
'mp3' => 'audio/mpeg',
'aif' => 'audio/x-aiff',
'aiff' => 'audio/x-aiff',
'aifc' => 'audio/x-aiff',
'm3u' => 'audio/x-mpegurl',
'ram' => 'audio/x-pn-realaudio',
'rm' => 'audio/x-pn-realaudio',
'rpm' => 'audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin',
'ra' => 'audio/x-realaudio',
'wav' => 'audio/x-wav',
'pdb' => 'chemical/x-pdb',
'xyz' => 'chemical/x-xyz',
'bmp' => 'image/bmp',
'gif' => 'image/gif',
'ief' => 'image/ief',
'jpeg' => 'image/jpeg',
'jpg' => 'image/jpeg',
'jpe' => 'image/jpeg',
'png' => 'image/png',
'tiff' => 'image/tiff',
'tif' => 'image/tiff',
'djvu' => 'image/vnd.djvu',
'djv' => 'image/vnd.djvu',
'wbmp' => 'image/vnd.wap.wbmp',
'ras' => 'image/x-cmu-raster',
'pnm' => 'image/x-portable-anymap',
'pbm' => 'image/x-portable-bitmap',
'pgm' => 'image/x-portable-graymap',
'ppm' => 'image/x-portable-pixmap',
'rgb' => 'image/x-rgb',
'xbm' => 'image/x-xbitmap',
'xpm' => 'image/x-xpixmap',
'xwd' => 'image/x-xwindowdump',
'igs' => 'model/iges',
'iges' => 'model/iges',
'msh' => 'model/mesh',
'mesh' => 'model/mesh',
'silo' => 'model/mesh',
'wrl' => 'model/vrml',
'vrml' => 'model/vrml',
'css' => 'text/css',
'html' => 'text/html',
'htm' => 'text/html',
'asc' => 'text/plain',
'txt' => 'text/plain',
'rtx' => 'text/richtext',
'rtf' => 'text/rtf',
'sgml' => 'text/sgml',
'sgm' => 'text/sgml',
'tsv' => 'text/tab-separated-values',
'wml' => 'text/vnd.wap.wml',
'wmls' => 'text/vnd.wap.wmlscript',
'etx' => 'text/x-setext',
'xsl' => 'text/xml',
'xml' => 'text/xml',
'mpeg' => 'video/mpeg',
'mpg' => 'video/mpeg',
'mpe' => 'video/mpeg',
'qt' => 'video/quicktime',
'mov' => 'video/quicktime',
'mxu' => 'video/vnd.mpegurl',
'avi' => 'video/x-msvideo',
'movie' => 'video/x-sgi-movie',
'ice' => 'x-conference/x-cooltalk',