java 操作 Excel 最常用的就是JXL(java excel api)和POI，今先看下JXL吧。首先可以到 http://www.andykhan.com/jexcelapi/download.html 下载最新的jxl.jar，里面有它的jar包和API，内有一个小例子，可以参考一下。
JXL 用起来挺简单的，不过相应的其功能也并不是十分强大，对于一般的简单的excel操作还可以，对于太复杂的还是有些吃力，基本的操作也就是以下几项内容。
首先，要创建一个可读写的工作簿（WritableWorkbook）：
WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:\\test.xls"));如果是想要修改一个已存在的excel工作簿，则需要先获得它的原始工作簿，再创建一个可读写的副本：
Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("src\\test\\test.xls")); // 获得原始文档
WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:\\test_modified.xls"),wb); // 创建一个可读写的副本然后，取得我们要操作的sheet，并对其进行相应的操作，如改名、合并单元格、设置列宽、行高等:
WritableSheet sheet = workbook.getSheet(0);
sheet.setName("修改后"); // 给sheet页改名
workbook.removeSheet(2); // 移除多余的标签页
workbook.removeSheet(3); sheet.mergeCells(0, 0, 4, 0); // 合并单元格
sheet.setRowView(0, 600); // 设置行的高度
sheet.setColumnView(0, 30); // 设置列的宽度
sheet.setColumnView(1, 20); // 设置列的宽度
之后，就是对单元格的操作了，可以通过如下方法获取一个单元格，其中两个参数分别为列、行的位置，从0开始计数，如（2,3）就代表单元格C4：
WritableCell cell = sheet.getWritableCell(2,3);
通过WritableFont、WritableCellFormat等对象可以设置单元格的字体、样式等外观：
WritableFont titleWf = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("仿宋_GB2312"),// 字体
20,//WritableFont.DEFAULT_POINT_SIZE, // 字号
WritableFont.NO_BOLD, // 粗体
false, // 斜体
UnderlineStyle.NO_UNDERLINE, // 下划线
Colour.BLUE2, // 字体颜色
ScriptStyle.NORMAL_SCRIPT);
WritableCellFormat wcf = new WritableCellFormat(titleWf);
wcf.setBackground(Colour.GRAY_25);// 设置单元格的背景颜色
wcf.setAlignment(Alignment.CENTRE); // 设置对齐方式
wcf.setBorder(Border.ALL, BorderLineStyle.THICK); // 添加边框
cell.setCellFormat(wcf);在jxl中，有几种常用的数据类型，根据单元格内数据类型的不同，每个WritableCell可以根据其类型被转换为它的一个子类型，以便对不同类型的数据进行专门的处理，通常可以做这样的转换：
WritableCell fromCell = sheet0.getWritableCell(j, i);
if (fromCell instanceof jxl.write.Number) {
jxl.write.Number num = (jxl.write.Number) fromCell;
} else if (fromCell instanceof jxl.write.Boolean) {
jxl.write.Boolean bool = (jxl.write.Boolean) fromCell;
} else if (fromCell instanceof jxl.write.DateTime) {
jxl.write.DateTime dt = (jxl.write.DateTime) fromCell;
} else if(fromCell instanceof Label){
Label _label = (Label) fromCell;
}当然，操作完成之后一定不要忘了刷新（或者叫写入？）和关掉工作簿：
workbook.write();
workbook.close();
下面是参考jxl api里那个例子写的，把我自己觉得常用的excel操作基本都包含了：
package test; import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date; import jxl.CellType;
import jxl.Workbook;
import jxl.format.Alignment;
import jxl.format.Border;
import jxl.format.BorderLineStyle;
import jxl.format.Colour;
import jxl.format.ScriptStyle;
import jxl.format.UnderlineStyle;
import jxl.format.VerticalAlignment;
import jxl.read.biff.BiffException;
import jxl.write.Blank;
import jxl.write.DateFormat;
import jxl.write.DateFormats;
import jxl.write.DateTime;
import jxl.write.Formula;
import jxl.write.Label;
import jxl.write.Number;
import jxl.write.NumberFormat;
import jxl.write.WritableCell;
import jxl.write.WritableCellFeatures;
import jxl.write.WritableCellFormat;
import jxl.write.WritableFont;
import jxl.write.WritableHyperlink;
import jxl.write.WritableImage;
import jxl.write.WritableSheet;
import jxl.write.WritableWorkbook;
import jxl.write.WriteException; /**
*
* @author why
*
*/
public class ExcelTest { /**
* @param args
* @throws IOException
* @throws BiffException
* @throws WriteException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, BiffException, WriteException {
Workbook wb = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("src\\test\\test.xls")); // 获得原始文档
WritableWorkbook workbook = Workbook.createWorkbook(new File("d:\\test_modified.xls"),wb); // 创建一个可读写的副本 /**
* 定义与设置Sheet
*/
WritableSheet sheet = workbook.getSheet(0);
sheet.setName("修改后"); // 给sheet页改名
workbook.removeSheet(2); // 移除多余的标签页
workbook.removeSheet(3); sheet.mergeCells(0, 0, 4, 0); // 合并单元格
sheet.setRowView(0, 600); // 设置行的高度
sheet.setColumnView(0, 30); // 设置列的宽度
sheet.setColumnView(1, 20); // 设置列的宽度 WritableCell cell = null;
WritableCellFormat wcf = null;
Label label = null;
WritableCellFeatures wcfeatures = null; // 更改标题字体
cell = sheet.getWritableCell(0,0);
WritableFont titleWf = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("仿宋_GB2312"),// 字体
20,//WritableFont.DEFAULT_POINT_SIZE, // 字号
WritableFont.NO_BOLD, // 粗体
false, // 斜体
UnderlineStyle.NO_UNDERLINE, // 下划线
Colour.BLUE2, // 字体颜色
ScriptStyle.NORMAL_SCRIPT);
wcf = new WritableCellFormat(titleWf);
wcf.setBackground(Colour.GRAY_25);// 设置单元格的背景颜色
wcf.setAlignment(Alignment.CENTRE); // 设置对齐方式
wcf.setBorder(Border.ALL, BorderLineStyle.THICK); // 添加边框
cell.setCellFormat(wcf); // 将B3的字体改为仿宋_GB2312
cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,2);
WritableFont fs = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("仿宋_GB2312"),
11);
wcf = new WritableCellFormat(fs);
cell.setCellFormat(wcf); // 将B4的字号改为20
cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,3);
WritableFont size20 = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"),
20);
wcf = new WritableCellFormat(size20);
cell.setCellFormat(wcf); // 将B5的字体改为加粗
cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,4);
WritableFont bold = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"),
11,
WritableFont.BOLD);
wcf = new WritableCellFormat(bold);
cell.setCellFormat(wcf); // 将B6的字体改为倾斜
cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,5);
WritableFont italic = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"),
11,
WritableFont.NO_BOLD,
true);
wcf = new WritableCellFormat(italic);
cell.setCellFormat(wcf); // 将B7字体加下划线
cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,6);
WritableFont underline = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"),
11,
WritableFont.NO_BOLD,
false,
UnderlineStyle.SINGLE);
wcf = new WritableCellFormat(underline);
cell.setCellFormat(wcf); // 将B8的文字改为“待修改文字-已修改”
cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,7);
if (cell.getType() == CellType.LABEL)
{
Label lc = (Label) cell;
lc.setString(lc.getString() + " - 已修改");
} // 将B9文字对齐方式改为垂直居中、右对齐
cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,8);
WritableFont align = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"),
11);
wcf = new WritableCellFormat(align);
wcf.setAlignment(Alignment.RIGHT); // 设置为右对齐
wcf.setVerticalAlignment(VerticalAlignment.CENTRE); // 设置为垂直居中
cell.setCellFormat(wcf); // 将E3文字改为自动换行
cell = sheet.getWritableCell(4,2);
WritableFont justify = new WritableFont(WritableFont.createFont("宋体"),
11);
wcf = new WritableCellFormat(justify);
wcf.setAlignment(Alignment.JUSTIFY);
cell.setCellFormat(wcf); // 将B12的数字有效位数从5位改为7位
cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,11);
NumberFormat sevendps = new NumberFormat("#.0000000");
wcf = new WritableCellFormat(sevendps);
cell.setCellFormat(wcf); // 将B13改为4位科学计数法表示
cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,12);
NumberFormat exp4 = new NumberFormat("0.####E0");
wcf = new WritableCellFormat(exp4);
cell.setCellFormat(wcf); // 将B14改为默认数字表示
cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,13);
cell.setCellFormat(WritableWorkbook.NORMAL_STYLE); // 将B15数字类型的值17改为22
cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,14);
if (cell.getType() == CellType.NUMBER)
{
Number n = (Number) cell;
n.setValue(42);
} // 将B16的值2.71进行加法运算2.71 + 0.1
cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,15);
if (cell.getType() == CellType.NUMBER)
{
Number n = (Number) cell;
n.setValue(n.getValue() + 0.1);
} // 将B19日期格式改为默认
cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,18);
wcf = new WritableCellFormat(DateFormats.FORMAT9);
cell.setCellFormat(wcf); // 将B20日期格式改为dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss
cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,19);
DateFormat df = new DateFormat("dd MMM yyyy HH:mm:ss");
wcf = new WritableCellFormat(df);
cell.setCellFormat(wcf); // 将B21的日期设置为 2011-6-1 11:18:50
cell = sheet.getWritableCell(1,20);
if (cell.getType() == CellType.DATE)
{
DateTime dt = (DateTime) cell;
Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
cal.set(2011, 5, 1, 11, 18, 50);
Date d = cal.getTime();
dt.setDate(d);
} // 将B24文字添加链接http://www.baidu.com
WritableHyperlink link = new WritableHyperlink(1, 23, new URL("http://www.baidu.com"));
sheet.addHyperlink(link); // 更改URL链接
WritableHyperlink hyperlinks[] = sheet.getWritableHyperlinks();
for (int i = 0; i < hyperlinks.length; i++) {
WritableHyperlink wh = hyperlinks[i];
if (wh.getColumn() == 1 && wh.getRow() == 24) {
// 将B25文字链接取消
sheet.removeHyperlink(wh,true);//true：保留文字；false：删除文字
}else if(wh.getColumn() == 1 && wh.getRow() == 25){
try {
// 将B26链接更改为http://wuhongyu.javaeye.com
wh.setURL(new URL("http://wuhongyu.javaeye.com"));
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} // 利用公式取得B29、B30的值
Formula f1 = new Formula(1, 28, "SUM(C29:D29)");
sheet.addCell(f1);
Formula f2 = new Formula(1, 29, "AVERAGE(C30:G30)");
sheet.addCell(f2); // 在B32处添加图片，图片大小占10行3列，只支持png格式
File file = new File("d:\\shu05.png");
WritableImage image = new WritableImage(1, 31, 3, 10, file);
sheet.addImage(image); // 在A44出添加内容"Added drop down validation"，并为其添加注释
label = new Label(0, 43, "Added drop down validation");
wcfeatures = new WritableCellFeatures();
wcfeatures.setComment("右边列是个下拉列表");
label.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
sheet.addCell(label); // 在B44处添加一个下拉列表并添加注释
Blank b = new Blank(1, 43);
wcfeatures = new WritableCellFeatures();
ArrayList al = new ArrayList();
al.add("why");
al.add("landor");
al.add("tjm");
wcfeatures.setDataValidationList(al);
wcfeatures.setComment("这是一个注释");
b.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
sheet.addCell(b); // 为A46添加注释。
// 此处比较麻烦，试了多次发现必须将cell强制类型转换、添加CellFeatures再修改注释才可用，不知有没有更好的办法。
cell = sheet.getWritableCell(0,45);
wcfeatures = new WritableCellFeatures();
wcfeatures.setComment("这个注释不会被显示，删了这行还不行,MD");
cell.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures); label = (Label) cell;
// label.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);// 直接这样写会报一个警告（“注释已存在”），但那个注释仍会被显示。
label.addCellFeatures();
label.getWritableCellFeatures().setComment("终于加上注释了，哈哈哈哈"); // if (cell instanceof Number) {
// Number num = (Number) cell;
// num.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
// } else if (cell instanceof jxl.write.Boolean) {
// jxl.write.Boolean bool = (jxl.write.Boolean) cell;
// bool.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
// } else if (cell instanceof jxl.write.DateTime) {
// jxl.write.DateTime dt = (jxl.write.DateTime) cell;
// dt.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
// } else {
// Label _label = (Label) cell;
// _label.setCellFeatures(wcfeatures);
// } workbook.write();
workbook.close();
wb.close();
} }
xl读取excel和写excel基本类似，只是WritableWorkbook换成了Workbook； WritableSheet换成了 Sheet ；Label 换成了Cell。
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import jxl.Cell;
import jxl.Sheet;
import jxl.Workbook;
import jxl.read.biff.BiffException;
public class ReadExcel {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//选取指定的excel
Workbook workbook = Workbook.getWorkbook(new File("F:\\test.xls"));
//选取制定的sheet
Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheet(0);
//选取指定的cell
//遍历循环得到所要的cell值
for(int j = 0 ;j<sheet.getRows() ; j++)
for(int i = 0 ;i<sheet.getColumns();i++){
Cell cell = sheet.getCell(i,j);
//获取该cell的值
String var1 = cell.getContents();
//打印输出该值
System.out.println(var1);
}
} catch (BiffException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} }
}