非对称加密openssl协议在php7实践

据网上资料，RSA加密算法是一种非对称加密算法。在公开密钥加密和电子商务中RSA被广泛使用。RSA是1977年由罗纳德·李维斯特（RON RIVEST）、阿迪·萨莫尔（ADI SHAMIR）和伦纳德·阿德曼（LEONARD ADLEMAN）一起提出的。当时他们三人都在麻省理工学院工作。RSA就是他们三人姓氏开头字母拼在一起组成的。

工作中经常会出现对敏感数据加解密的需要，比如自己当前金融公司涉及到的用户交易数据，用户身份识别验证等。这里有关用户身份识别的用到了RSA加密算法。php这里用到了openss协议。

非对称加密即是私钥加密需用公钥解密；公钥加密的需用私钥解密；公钥和私钥是成对出现，公钥可以派发给所用人，私钥只可服务端保留。

下面是php实现的openssl加解密部分示例代码：

##服务器是centos7
##首先确定服务器是否安装openssl协议(未安装的请执行命令yum install -y openssl-devel):
[root@iz2vcf47jzvf8dxrapolf7z test]# openssl version
OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017
[root@iz2vcf47jzvf8dxrapolf7z test]#

#生成私钥文件rsa_private_key.pem文件
[root@iz2vcf47jzvf8dxrapolf7z test]# openssl genrsa -out rsa_private_key.pem 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus
..................................................++++++
........................................................................++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
##私钥转成pkcs8模式(文末附各模式说明)
[root@iz2vcf47jzvf8dxrapolf7z test]# openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -in rsa_private_key.pem -outform PEM -nocrypt -out private_key.pem
##打印私钥文件
[root@iz2vcf47jzvf8dxrapolf7z test]# cat rsa_private_key.pem
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----

##根据私钥得到相应的公钥
[root@iz2vcf47jzvf8dxrapolf7z test]# openssl rsa -in rsa_private_key.pem -pubout -out rsa_public_key.pem
writing RSA key
[root@iz2vcf47jzvf8dxrapolf7z test]# cat rsa_public_key.pem
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCh13gUKZWQlx7cuYQvY1A6JuJj
ArMax8yHcTrtcL+kpa5Cg6mD609QNiTacuJxmh7Q/w+1Lw/cuWN0Q7s3s4WzJET6
YCi3fH4zqVmpqWIcKWC/hE3pVV3lJsBvMpoz2bFn1eRwVtmSp4dVAqe542YvbZ13
VGheEvkKi5uqWyhY1wIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----

##新建openssl.php
[root@iz2vcf47jzvf8dxrapolf7z test]# cat openssl.php

<?php
/**
* 私钥加密/公钥解密
*
* @param $str string 待加解密字符串
* @param $isEncrypt boolean
* return string|null
*/
function opensslPrivateEncrypt($str, $isEncrypt = true)
{

　　if($isEncrypt){
　　　　$privateKey = file_get_contents('./rsa_private_key.pem');
　　　　$privateKey = openssl_pkey_get_private($privateKey);

　　　　return openssl_private_encrypt($str, $encryptedStr, $privateKey)
　　　　　　? base64_encode($encryptedStr) : null;
　　}else{
　　　　$publicKey = file_get_contents('./rsa_public_key.pem');
　　　　$publicKey = openssl_pkey_get_public($publicKey);

　　　　return (openssl_public_decrypt(base64_decode($str), $decryptedStr, $publicKey))
　　　　? $decryptedStr : null;
　　}
}

/**
* 公钥加密/私钥解密
*
* @param $str string 待加解密字符串
* @param $isEncrypt boolean
* return string|null
*/
function opensslPublicEncrypt($str , $isEncrypt = true)
{

　　if($isEncrypt){
　　　　$publicKey = file_get_contents('./rsa_public_key.pem');
　　　　$publicKey = openssl_pkey_get_public($publicKey);

　　　　return openssl_public_encrypt($str, $encryptedStr, $publicKey)
　　　　　　? base64_encode($encryptedStr) : null;
　　}else{
　　　　$privateKey = file_get_contents('./rsa_private_key.pem');
　　　　$privateKey = openssl_pkey_get_private($privateKey);

　　　　return (openssl_private_decrypt(base64_decode($str), $decryptedStr, $privateKey))
　　　　　　? $decryptedStr : null;
　　}
}

$config = array();
$config['title'] = 'PHP is the best program language.';
$config['comment'] = 'PHPERS are great people.';

$privateEncrypt = opensslPrivateEncrypt(json_encode($config));
echo("##privateEncrypt is:" . PHP_EOL);
echo($privateEncrypt . PHP_EOL);
$privateDecrypt = opensslPrivateEncrypt($privateEncrypt, false);
echo("##privateDecrypt is:" . PHP_EOL);
echo($privateDecrypt . PHP_EOL);

$publicEncrypt = opensslPublicEncrypt(json_encode($config));
echo("##publicEncrypt is:" . PHP_EOL);
echo($publicEncrypt . PHP_EOL);
$publicDecrypt = opensslPublicEncrypt($publicEncrypt, false);
echo("##publicDecrypt is:" . PHP_EOL);
echo($publicDecrypt . PHP_EOL);

##执行脚本
[root@iz2vcf47jzvf8dxrapolf7z test]# php openssl.php
##privateEncrypt is:
mLrLIAwbwlE69Yj5/lnNw1t8qSjhnFa+96s/kSMYweAn/HEsV7jfVAJ6mn/FY2DRRWkKeOnguUYsRcFTBcS1ieG7UtqbUAASXA5dwVgtTrFoDcDhHMl7p90+dIO8n+vMoBx1kkUegpvtH03y3MgUVSj/BLkLE8jrFXyjGufIcv0=
##privateDecrypt is:
{"title":"PHP is the best program language.","comment":"PHPERS are great people."}
##publicEncrypt is:
NW2k5m2pKrZmEMSHXiK7mfyC+yDjH1+b6TrEMPv+ywBfsUlo2P8eWwcXOQxvsV4UG87a1S4Xa2QySntdEwhpYoim97457ODVVCb6jx+cqqdWJ1wlLS+gx7FJxw7Z0kMPmCm5iMcQwWPK+UzF+dpc/gJFa9uGAAmYczUumOauAx0=
##publicDecrypt is:
{"title":"PHP is the best program language.","comment":"PHPERS are great people."}

pkcs标准：

自由TK

非对称加密openssl协议在php7实践