除普通的建表语句"create table table_name(columns);"之外，还可以根据现有表快速的创建新表:
一.使用create table ... (like ...)创建一个和原表结构相同的新表，根据INCLUDING保留原表的约束，索引等。
create table table_name (like parent_table {INCLUDING|EXCLUDING}{DEFAULTS|CONSTRAINTS|INDEXES|STORAGE|COMMENTS|ALL});
直接使用LIKE不使用INCLUDING，新表只保留原表的表结构和NOT NULL约束，但是使用INCLUDING CONSTRAINTS配置会保留了主键，唯一键，CHECK约束，并不会保留外键约束。
示例：
1.创建示例表
test=# create table tbl_inherits_test (a int not null);
CREATE TABLE
test=# alter table tbl_inherits_test add constraint pk_tbl_inherits_test_a primary key(a);
ALTER TABLEtest=# create table tbl_inherits_parent(
a int not null,
b varchar(32) not null default 'got u',
c int,
d date); test=# alter table tbl_inherits_parent add constraint pk_tbl_inherits_parent_a primary key(a);
ALTER TABLE
test=# alter table tbl_inherits_parent add constraint fk_tbl_inherits_parent_a foreign key(a) references tbl_inherits_test(a);
ALTER TABLE
test=# alter table tbl_inherits_parent add constraint ck_tbl_inherits_parent_c check (c>10);
ALTER TABLE
test=# alter table tbl_inherits_parent add constraint uk_tbl_inherits_parent_b_d unique (b,d);
ALTER TABLE
test=# create index idx_tbl_inherits_parent_d on tbl_inherits_parent using btree (d);
CREATE INDEX
2.使用LIKE创建表
test=# create table tbl_inherits_partition (like tbl_inherits_parent including constraints including indexes including defaults);
CREATE TABLE test=# \d tbl_inherits_parent
Table "public.tbl_inherits_parent"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------+-----------------------+---------------------------------------------
a | integer | not null
b | character varying(32) | not null default 'got u'::character varying
c | integer |
d | date |
Indexes:
"pk_tbl_inherits_parent_a" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a)
"uk_tbl_inherits_parent_b_d" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (b, d)
"idx_tbl_inherits_parent_d" btree (d)
Check constraints:
"ck_tbl_inherits_parent_c" CHECK (c > 10)
Foreign-key constraints:
"fk_tbl_inherits_parent_a" FOREIGN KEY (a) REFERENCES tbl_inherits_test(a) test=# \d tbl_inherits_partition
Table "public.tbl_inherits_partition"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------+-----------------------+---------------------------------------------
a | integer | not null
b | character varying(32) | not null default 'got u'::character varying
c | integer |
d | date |
Indexes:
"tbl_inherits_partition_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (a)
"tbl_inherits_partition_b_d_key" UNIQUE CONSTRAINT, btree (b, d)
"tbl_inherits_partition_d_idx" btree (d)
Check constraints:
"ck_tbl_inherits_parent_c" CHECK (c > 10)
二、使用create table ... as table ... with {data|no data}创建一个和原表结构相同的新表，保留或不保留数据，但是不会继承原表的约束，索引等。
test=# insert into tbl_inherits_test values (1);
INSERT 0 1
test=# insert into tbl_inherits_parent (a,b,c,d) values(1,'sss',12,'2016-06-22 17:00:00');
INSERT 0 1
test=#
test=# create table tbl_inherits_partition1 as table tbl_inherits_parent with data;
SELECT 1
test=# select * from tbl_inherits_partition1 ;
a | b | c | d
---+-----+----+------------
1 | sss | 12 | 2016-06-22
(1 row) test=# \d tbl_inherits_partition1
Table "public.tbl_inherits_partition1"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------+-----------------------+-----------
a | integer |
b | character varying(32) |
c | integer |
d | date | test=#
test=#
test=# create table tbl_inherits_partition2 as table tbl_inherits_parent with no data;
SELECT 0
test=# \d tbl_inherits_partition2
Table "public.tbl_inherits_partition2"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------+-----------------------+-----------
a | integer |
b | character varying(32) |
c | integer |
d | date | test=# select * from tbl_inherits_partition2;
a | b | c | d
---+---+---+---
(0 rows) test=#
三、使用select * into new_table from table将结果集保存在新表中，但是只能执行一次。
test=# select * into tbl_inherits_partition3 from tbl_inherits_parent ;
SELECT 1
test=# \d tbl_inherits_partition3
Table "public.tbl_inherits_partition3"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------+-----------------------+-----------
a | integer |
b | character varying(32) |
c | integer |
d | date | test=# select * from tbl_inherits_partition3 ;
a | b | c | d
---+-----+----+------------
1 | sss | 12 | 2016-06-22
(1 row)
四、使用create table new_table as select * from table将结果集保存在新表中。
test=# create table tbl_inherits_partition4 as select * from tbl_inherits_parent ;
SELECT 1
test=# \d tbl_inherits_partition4
Table "public.tbl_inherits_partition4"
Column | Type | Modifiers
--------+-----------------------+-----------
a | integer |
b | character varying(32) |
c | integer |
d | date | test=# select * from tbl_inherits_partition4 ;
a | b | c | d
---+-----+----+------------
1 | sss | 12 | 2016-06-22
(1 row)