一、安装xlrd模块:
1、mac下打开终端输入命令:
pip install xlrd
2、验证安装是否成功:
- 在mac终端输入 python 进入python环境
- 然后输入 import xlrd
不报错说明模块安装成功
二、常用方法:
1、导入模块:
import xlrd
2、打开文件:
x1 = xlrd.open_workbook("data.xlsx")
3、获取sheet:
- 获取所有sheet名字:x1.sheet_names()
- 获取sheet数量:x1.nsheets
- 获取所有sheet对象:x1.sheets()
- 通过sheet名查找:x1.sheet_by_name("test”)
- 通过索引查找:x1.sheet_by_index(3)
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import xlrd
import os filename = "demo.xlsx"
filePath = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), filename) print filePath # 1、打开文件
x1 = xlrd.open_workbook(filePath) # 2、获取sheet对象
print 'sheet_names:', x1.sheet_names() # 获取所有sheet名字
print 'sheet_number:', x1.nsheets # 获取sheet数量
print 'sheet_object:', x1.sheets() # 获取所有sheet对象
print 'By_name:', x1.sheet_by_name("test") # 通过sheet名查找
print 'By_index:', x1.sheet_by_index(3) # 通过索引查找
输出:
sheet_names: [u' plan', u'team building', u'modile', u'test']
sheet_number: 4
sheet_object: [<xlrd.sheet.Sheet object at 0x10244c190>, <xlrd.sheet.Sheet object at 0x10244c150>, <xlrd.sheet.Sheet object at 0x10244c110>, <xlrd.sheet.Sheet object at 0x10244c290>]
By_name: <xlrd.sheet.Sheet object at 0x10244c290>
By_index: <xlrd.sheet.Sheet object at 0x10244c290>
4、获取sheet的汇总数据:
- 获取sheet名:sheet1.name
- 获取总行数:sheet1.nrows
- 获取总列数:sheet1.ncols
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import xlrd
import os
from datetime import date,datetime filename = "demo.xlsx"
filePath = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), filename)
print filePath # 打开文件
x1 = xlrd.open_workbook(filePath) # 获取sheet的汇总数据
sheet1 = x1.sheet_by_name("plan")
print "sheet name:", sheet1.name # get sheet name
print "row num:", sheet1.nrows # get sheet all rows number
print "col num:", sheet1.ncols # get sheet all columns number
输出:
sheet name: plan
row num: 31
col num: 11
5、单元格批量读取:
a)行操作:
- sheet1.row_values(0) # 获取第一行所有内容,合并单元格,首行显示值,其它为空。
- sheet1.row(0) # 获取单元格值类型和内容
- sheet1.row_types(0) # 获取单元格数据类型
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import xlrd
import os
from datetime import date,datetime filename = "demo.xlsx"
filePath = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), filename) x1 = xlrd.open_workbook(filePath)
sheet1 = x1.sheet_by_name("plan") # 单元格批量读取
print sheet1.row_values(0) # 获取第一行所有内容,合并单元格,首行显示值,其它为空。
print sheet1.row(0) # 获取单元格值类型和内容
print sheet1.row_types(0) # 获取单元格数据类型
输出:
[u'learning plan', u'', u'', u'', u'', u'', u'', u'', 123.0, 42916.0, 0]
[text:u'learning plan', empty:u'', empty:u'', empty:u'', empty:u'', empty:u'', empty:u'', empty:u'', number:123.0, xldate:42916.0, bool:0]
array('B', [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 4])
b) 表操作
- sheet1.row_values(0, 6, 10) # 取第1行,第6~10列(不含第10表)
- sheet1.col_values(0, 0, 5) # 取第1列,第0~5行(不含第5行)
- sheet1.row_slice(2, 0, 2) # 获取单元格值类型和内容
- sheet1.row_types(1, 0, 2) # 获取单元格数据类型
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import xlrd
import os
from datetime import date,datetime filename = "demo.xlsx"
filePath = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), filename) print filePath # 1、打开文件
x1 = xlrd.open_workbook(filePath)
sheet1 = x1.sheet_by_name("plan") # 列操作
print sheet1.row_values(0, 6, 10) # 取第1行,第6~10列(不含第10表)
print sheet1.col_values(0, 0, 5) # 取第1列,第0~5行(不含第5行)
print sheet1.row_slice(2, 0, 2) # 获取单元格值类型和内容,同sheet1.row(0)
print sheet1.row_types(1, 0, 2) # 获取单元格数据类型
输出:
[u'', u'', 123.0, 42916.0]
[u'learning plan', u'\u7f16\u53f7', 1.0, 2.0, 3.0]
[number:1.0, text:u'\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u4e60']
array('B', [1, 1])
6、特定单元格读取:
a) 获取单元格值:
- sheet1.cell_value(1, 2)
- sheet1.cell(1, 2).value
- sheet1.row(1)[2].value
b) 获取单元格类型:
- sheet1.cell(1, 2).ctype
- sheet1.cell_type(1, 2)
- sheet1.row(1)[2].ctype
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import xlrd
import os
from datetime import date,datetime filename = "demo.xlsx"
filePath = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), filename) x1 = xlrd.open_workbook(filePath)
sheet1 = x1.sheet_by_name("plan") # 特定单元格读取
# 取值
print sheet1.cell_value(1, 2)
print sheet1.cell(1, 2).value
print sheet1.row(1)[2].value #取类型
print sheet1.cell(1, 2).ctype
print sheet1.cell_type(1, 2)
print sheet1.row(1)[2].ctype
7、(0,0)转换A1:
- xlrd.cellname(0, 0) # (0,0)转换成A1
- xlrd.cellnameabs(0, 0) # (0,0)转换成$A$1
- xlrd.colname(30) # 把列由数字转换为字母表示
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import xlrd
import os filename = "demo.xlsx"
filePath = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), filename) # 打开文件
x1 = xlrd.open_workbook(filePath)
sheet1 = x1.sheet_by_name("plan") # (0,0)转换成A1
print xlrd.cellname(0, 0) # (0,0)转换成A1
print xlrd.cellnameabs(0, 0) # (0,0)转换成$A$1
print xlrd.colname(30) # 把列由数字转换为字母表示
输出:
A1
$A$1
AE
8、数据类型:
- 空:0
- 字符串:1
- 数字:2
- 日期:3
- 布尔:4
- error:5