shutil模块提供了大量的文件的高级操作。特别针对文件拷贝和删除，主要功能为目录和文件操作以及压缩操作
1、复制文件
def copy(src, dst):
"""Copy data and mode bits ("cp src dst") The destination may be a directory.
"""
if os.path.isdir(dst):
dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src))
copyfile(src, dst)
copymode(src, dst) def copy2(src, dst):
"""Copy data and all stat info ("cp -p src dst").The destination may be a directory.
"""
if os.path.isdir(dst):
dst = os.path.join(dst, os.path.basename(src))
copyfile(src, dst)
copystat(src, dst) eg:
import shutil
res =shutil.copy('/home/vbird/test/1.txt','/tmp/test/')
#print res
print "原文件属性：%s"%(os.stat('/home/vbird/test/1.txt'))
print "使用copy复制后的文件属性：%s"%(os.stat('/tmp/test/1.txt'))
res =shutil.copy2('/home/vbird/test/1.txt','/tmp/test/2.txt')
#print res
print "使用copy2复制后的文件属性:%s"%(os.stat('/tmp/test/2.txt')
输出结果： 原文件属性： posix.stat_result(st_mode=33204, st_ino=5512850, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=1000, st_gid=1000, st_size=1734, st_atime=1466579121, st_mtime=1466579114, st_ctime=1466579114)
使用copy复制后的文件属性：posix.stat_result(st_mode=33204, st_ino=3539000, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=1000, st_gid=1000, st_size=1734, st_atime=1466645150, st_mtime=1466648642, st_ctime=1466648642)
使用copy2复制后的文件属性:posix.stat_result(st_mode=33204, st_ino=3539001, st_dev=2050, st_nlink=1, st_uid=1000, st_gid=1000, st_size=1734, st_atime=1466579121, st_mtime=1466579114, st_ctime=1466648642)
2、递归拷贝（目录）
def copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None):
"""Recursively copy a directory tree using copy2().""" eg:
res=shutil.copytree('/home/vbird/test','/tmp/test')
结果：
vbird@cp-vbird:/tmp$ ls -l ~/test /tmp/test
/home/vbird/test:
total 16
-rw-rw-r-- 1 vbird vbird 1734 6月 22 15:05 1.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 vbird vbird 0 6月 22 15:00 2.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 vbird vbird 25 6月 22 16:30 test.yaml
-rw-rw-r-- 1 vbird vbird 188 6月 22 18:43 tmp.sls
-rw-rw-r-- 1 vbird vbird 186 6月 22 16:53 tomcat_init.sls
/tmp/test:
total 16
-rw-rw-r-- 1 vbird vbird 1734 6月 22 15:05 1.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 vbird vbird 0 6月 22 15:00 2.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 vbird vbird 25 6月 22 16:30 test.yaml
-rw-rw-r-- 1 vbird vbird 188 6月 22 18:43 tmp.sls
-rw-rw-r-- 1 vbird vbird 186 6月 22 16:53 tomcat_init.sls 3、递归删除
def rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, onerror=None):
"""Recursively delete a directory tree"""
eg:
res = shutil.rmtree('/tmp/test2' 4、移动目录（相当于linux下的mv）
def move(src, dst):
"""Recursively move a file or directory to another location. This is similar to the Unix "mv" command.
eg:
res = shutil.move('/tmp/test2','/tmp/test3')
5、压缩文件
def make_archive(base_name, format, root_dir=None, base_dir=None, verbose=0, dry_run=0, owner=None, group=None, logger=None):
"""Create an archive file (eg. zip or tar).
'base_name' is the name of the file to create, minus any format-specific extension;
压缩包的文件名，也可以包含路径。只有文件名时候，则保存在当前目录下
'format' is the archive format: one of "zip", "tar", "bztar" or "gztar".
压缩制定的格式： zip,tar，bztar,gztar
'root_dir' is a directory that will be the root directory of the archive; ie. we typically chdir into 'root_dir' before creating the archive.
要压缩的文件的路径（默认当前目录下）
'base_dir' is the directory where we start archiving from; ie. 'base_dir' will be the common prefix of all files and directories in the archive.
所有归档目录和文件的前缀
'root_dir' and 'base_dir' both default to the current directory. Returns the name of the archive file.
返回值为压缩文件名
'owner' and 'group' are used when creating a tar archive. By default, uses the current owner and group.
用户和组，默认为当前用户和当前用户组
"""
eg1:
res = shutil.make_archive('/tmp/test2','gztar',root_dir='/home/vbird/test2/')
print res
结果:
/tmp/test2.tar.gz
vbird@cp-vbird:/tmp$ ls -l /tmp/test2.tar.gz
-rw-rw-r-- 1 vbird vbird 452 6月 23 14:05 /tmp/test2.tar.gz
eg2:
res = shutil.make_archive('/tmp/t2','gztar',root_dir='/tmp/test/',base_dir='/tmp/test')
print res
结果：
/tmp/t2.tar.gz
被压缩的目录：
vbird@cp-vbird:/tmp$ tree test
test
├── 1.txt
├── 2.txt
├── test2
│ ├── 1.txt
│ ├── 2.txt
│ ├── test.yaml
│ ├── tmp.sls
│ └── tomcat_init.sls
├── test2.tar.gz
├── test3
│ ├── 1.txt
│ ├── 2.txt
│ ├── test.yaml
│ ├── tmp.sls
│ └── tomcat_init.sls
├── test.yaml
├── tmp.sls
└── tomcat_init.sls
压缩包内容：
vbird@cp-vbird:/tmp$ tar -tvf t2.tar.gz
drwxrwxr-x vbird/vbird 0 2016-06-23 14:13 tmp/test/
-rw-rw-r-- vbird/vbird 0 2016-06-22 15:00 tmp/test/2.txt
-rw-rw-r-- vbird/vbird 186 2016-06-22 16:53 tmp/test/tomcat_init.sls
-rw-rw-r-- vbird/vbird 1734 2016-06-22 15:05 tmp/test/1.txt
-rw-rw-r-- vbird/vbird 25 2016-06-22 16:30 tmp/test/test.yaml
-rw-rw-r-- vbird/vbird 188 2016-06-22 18:43 tmp/test/tmp.sls
drwxrwxr-x vbird/vbird 0 2016-06-23 14:11 tmp/test/test3/
-rw-rw-r-- vbird/vbird 0 2016-06-23 14:11 tmp/test/test3/2.txt
-rw-rw-r-- vbird/vbird 186 2016-06-23 14:11 tmp/test/test3/tomcat_init.sls
-rw-rw-r-- vbird/vbird 1734 2016-06-23 14:11 tmp/test/test3/1.txt
-rw-rw-r-- vbird/vbird 25 2016-06-23 14:11 tmp/test/test3/test.yaml
-rw-rw-r-- vbird/vbird 188 2016-06-23 14:11 tmp/test/test3/tmp.sls
drwxrwxr-x vbird/vbird 0 2016-06-23 14:11 tmp/test/test2/
-rw-rw-r-- vbird/vbird 0 2016-06-23 14:11 tmp/test/test2/2.txt
-rw-rw-r-- vbird/vbird 186 2016-06-23 14:11 tmp/test/test2/tomcat_init.sls
-rw-rw-r-- vbird/vbird 1734 2016-06-23 14:11 tmp/test/test2/1.txt
-rw-rw-r-- vbird/vbird 25 2016-06-23 14:11 tmp/test/test2/test.yaml
-rw-rw-r-- vbird/vbird 188 2016-06-23 14:11 tmp/test/test2/tmp.sls
-rw-rw-r-- vbird/vbird 452 2016-06-23 14:11 tmp/test/test2.tar.gz