一、前言

  很多事儿啊,就是“成也萧何败也萧何”,细想一些事儿心中有感,当然,感慨和本文毛关系都没有~想起之前有篇Struts2中值栈的博客还未完工,就着心中的波澜,狂咽一把~

二、正文

  博文基于:struts-core-2.5.2.jar,ognl-3.1.10.jar

  和值栈的邂逅还是大学学习Struts2的时候,老师当时在台上津津有味,我却在底下晕头转向~很长时间都没有去理清这个值栈到底是什么,实现原理是什么,偶然的际遇,让我又遇到了它,所以我决定以我现有的知识储备再次去追根溯源~

  那从概念上,我们要怎么去理解值栈呢?你可以将它理解为一个容器(就像装水的杯子,只不过它里面“装”的不是水,而是java对象),这边“装”的意思是“引用”了其他类或者对象,我想这样说应该能理解吧~其实呢,作为开发人员,再精准的文字描述也很难让自己理解到技术的精华,所以看源码是进阶的必经之路~源码的精妙有些时候会让人如痴如醉,编程,就应该是一门艺术~

  在Struts2中,值栈和ActionContext是同步创建的,这个创建过程可以在Struts2的核心过滤器:org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter中,doFilter方法中查看,源码如下:

 public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {

         HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res; try {
String uri = RequestUtils.getUri(request);
if (excludedPatterns != null && prepare.isUrlExcluded(request, excludedPatterns)) {
LOG.trace("Request {} is excluded from handling by Struts, passing request to other filters", uri);
chain.doFilter(request, response);
} else {
LOG.trace("Checking if {} is a static resource", uri);
boolean handled = execute.executeStaticResourceRequest(request, response);
if (!handled) {
LOG.trace("Assuming uri {} as a normal action", uri);
prepare.setEncodingAndLocale(request, response);
prepare.createActionContext(request, response);
prepare.assignDispatcherToThread();
request = prepare.wrapRequest(request);
ActionMapping mapping = prepare.findActionMapping(request, response, true);
if (mapping == null) {
LOG.trace("Cannot find mapping for {}, passing to other filters", uri);
chain.doFilter(request, response);
} else {
LOG.trace("Found mapping {} for {}", mapping, uri);
execute.executeAction(request, response, mapping);
}
}
}
} finally {
prepare.cleanupRequest(request);
}
}

  在上面的代码中,我们可以看到17行“prepare.createActionContext(request, response);”就是创建ActionContext的代码,其具体实现的源码如下:

 public ActionContext createActionContext(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
ActionContext ctx;
Integer counter = 1;
Integer oldCounter = (Integer) request.getAttribute(CLEANUP_RECURSION_COUNTER);
if (oldCounter != null) {
counter = oldCounter + 1;
} ActionContext oldContext = ActionContext.getContext();
if (oldContext != null) {
// detected existing context, so we are probably in a forward
ctx = new ActionContext(new HashMap<>(oldContext.getContextMap()));
} else {
ValueStack stack = dispatcher.getContainer().getInstance(ValueStackFactory.class).createValueStack();
stack.getContext().putAll(dispatcher.createContextMap(request, response, null));
ctx = new ActionContext(stack.getContext());
}
request.setAttribute(CLEANUP_RECURSION_COUNTER, counter);
ActionContext.setContext(ctx);
return ctx;
}

  进入14行中的createValueStack方法内部可以知道值栈的实现者为:OgnlValueStack

    //class OgnlValueStackFactory
public ValueStack createValueStack() {
ValueStack stack = new OgnlValueStack(xworkConverter, compoundRootAccessor, textProvider, allowStaticMethodAccess);
container.inject(stack);
stack.getContext().put(ActionContext.CONTAINER, container);
return stack;
}

  值栈OgnlValueStack中包含两个重要的成员变量,CompoundRoot root(这其实是一个ArrayList)和context.(我们通常称为contextMap):

 CompoundRoot root;
transient Map<String, Object> context; //其中CompoundRoot的声明如下
public class CompoundRoot extends CopyOnWriteArrayList<Object>

  再进入OgnlValueStack的构造函数和setRoot方法:

    protected OgnlValueStack(ValueStack vs, XWorkConverter xworkConverter, CompoundRootAccessor accessor, boolean allowStaticAccess) {
setRoot(xworkConverter, accessor, new CompoundRoot(vs.getRoot()), allowStaticAccess);
} protected void setRoot(XWorkConverter xworkConverter, CompoundRootAccessor accessor, CompoundRoot compoundRoot,
boolean allowStaticMethodAccess) {
this.root = compoundRoot;
this.securityMemberAccess = new SecurityMemberAccess(allowStaticMethodAccess);
this.context = Ognl.createDefaultContext(this.root, accessor, new OgnlTypeConverterWrapper(xworkConverter), securityMemberAccess);
context.put(VALUE_STACK, this);
Ognl.setClassResolver(context, accessor);
((OgnlContext) context).setTraceEvaluations(false);
((OgnlContext) context).setKeepLastEvaluation(false);
}

  从第11行我们可以看出,OgnlValueStack中的context有包含了对自身的引用,我们回头再来看看第10行Ognl.createDefaultContext方法内部的实现:

 //class Ognl.java
public static Map createDefaultContext(Object root, ClassResolver classResolver,TypeConverter converter, MemberAccess memberAccess)
{
return addDefaultContext(root, classResolver, converter, memberAccess, new OgnlContext());
} public static Map addDefaultContext(Object root, ClassResolver classResolver,TypeConverter converter, MemberAccess memberAccess, Map context)
{
OgnlContext result; if (!(context instanceof OgnlContext)) {
result = new OgnlContext();
result.setValues(context);
} else {
result = (OgnlContext) context;
}
if (classResolver != null) {
result.setClassResolver(classResolver);
}
if (converter != null) {
result.setTypeConverter(converter);
}
if (memberAccess != null) {
result.setMemberAccess(memberAccess);
} result.setRoot(root);
return result;
}

  从方法addDefaultContext可以得知,OnglValueStack中的context是OnglContext对象。第27行可以看出,这个context还包含了对OgnlValueStack中“CompoundRoot root”的引用。

  接下来,我们回到PrepareOperation.java类中的“createActionContext”方法(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java中doFilter中调用这个方法,正文最开始已经贴出了源码):

 public ActionContext createActionContext(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
ActionContext ctx;
Integer counter = 1;
Integer oldCounter = (Integer) request.getAttribute(CLEANUP_RECURSION_COUNTER);
if (oldCounter != null) {
counter = oldCounter + 1;
} ActionContext oldContext = ActionContext.getContext();
if (oldContext != null) {
// detected existing context, so we are probably in a forward
ctx = new ActionContext(new HashMap<>(oldContext.getContextMap()));
} else {
ValueStack stack = dispatcher.getContainer().getInstance(ValueStackFactory.class).createValueStack();
stack.getContext().putAll(dispatcher.createContextMap(request, response, null));
ctx = new ActionContext(stack.getContext());
}
request.setAttribute(CLEANUP_RECURSION_COUNTER, counter);
ActionContext.setContext(ctx);
return ctx;
}

  从之前的源码分析,我们知道,14行的ValueStack存储的是OgnlValueStack对象,这个对象的getContext方法获取成员变量context(Map类型,具体实现类为OgnlContext)。我们再来看看15行dispatcher.createContextMap的源码:

 // class Dispacher.java

 public Map<String,Object> createContextMap(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
ActionMapping mapping) { // request map wrapping the http request objects
Map requestMap = new RequestMap(request); // parameters map wrapping the http parameters. ActionMapping parameters are now handled and applied separately
Map params = new HashMap(request.getParameterMap()); // session map wrapping the http session
Map session = new SessionMap(request); // application map wrapping the ServletContext
Map application = new ApplicationMap(servletContext); Map<String,Object> extraContext = createContextMap(requestMap, params, session, application, request, response); if (mapping != null) {
extraContext.put(ServletActionContext.ACTION_MAPPING, mapping);
}
return extraContext;
}

  看着上面Map类型的requestMap、params等变量,是不是觉得很熟悉?我们在使用ActionContext的时候是不是经常有如下用法,这些值就在这边设置的:

         ActionContext.getContext().getParameters();
ActionContext.getContext().get("request");
ActionContext.getContext().getSession();

  等等,是不是又有读者要问了,我值栈ValueStack中的context怎么又和ActionContext扯上关系了?有迷惑的读者,请往前两段代码看下createActionContext的第16行:

Struts2值栈-LMLPHP

  再看下类ActionContext的声明和构造函数:

    .........................................................................................
public class ActionContext implements Serializable { static ThreadLocal<ActionContext> actionContext = new ThreadLocal<>();
private Map<String, Object> context; public ActionContext(Map<String, Object> context) {
this.context = context;
}
public static void setContext(ActionContext context) {
actionContext.set(context);
}
public static ActionContext getContext() {
return actionContext.get();
}
........................................................................
}

  OgnlValueStack将成员变量context传递给ActionContext对象的context成员变量,之前在OgnlValueStack设置的值便都能在ActionContext的对象中获取~当然这边还有一个非常关键的一步:

Struts2值栈-LMLPHP

  这一步将ActionContext实例变量设置到ThreadLocal变量中,这个就使得ActionContext实例变量可以在同一个线程中的不同类间传递,对于ThreadLocal使用不太清晰的读者,请参考我之前的博文:ThreadLocal 验明正身

  至此,已经从源码的角度将Struts2中的“值栈”说清楚了~下面附张图,可以更好的帮助读者去理解本文内容~(别人画的,本文参考链接中有贴出原链接 )

Struts2值栈-LMLPHP

(本图用来说明OnglValueStack中context和ActionContext中context的关系)

总结:

  当初会去深究Struts2中的值栈,起因是在使用Ognl表达式时,获取“值栈”中某些值,有些表达式要加“#”有些不要,然后就有了去深究的冲动~

  “值栈”由两部分组成:

  1)ObjectStack (保存为root属性,类型CompoundRoot) ----- ArrayList

  2)ContextMap(保存为context属性, 类型  ) ------ Map

Struts2 会把下面这些映射压入 ContextMap 中:

  parameters: 该 Map 中包含当前请求的请求参数
  request: 该 Map 中包含当前 request 对象中的所有属性
  session: 该 Map 中包含当前 session 对象中的所有属性
  application:该 Map 中包含当前 application 对象中的所有属性
  attr: 该 Map 按如下顺序来检索某个属性: request, session, application

  注:CompoucdRoot继承了ArrayList,实际上就是一个集合,用于存储元素的数据,OgnlContext实现了Map, 其中持有CompoucdRoot对象的引用,其key为_root

  在JSP页面内,通过 <s:property>等标签去访问值栈的数据,访问root中数据,不需要“#”,访问 Context中数据必须以“#”开始。
  当Struts2接受一个请求时,会迅速创建ActionContext,ValueStack,action ,然后把action存放进ValueStack,所以action的实例变量可以被OGNL访问。
Action对象会被保存root 对象栈中,Action所有成员变量属性,都位于root中 ,访问root中数据不需要“#”。

  再附一张图,图中“ValueStack(值栈,根对象)”指的是OgnlValueStack类中的CompoundRoot root成员变量:

Struts2值栈-LMLPHP

三、链接

http://blog.csdn.net/javaliuzhiyue/article/details/9357337

http://www.cnblogs.com/x_wukong/p/3887737.html

http://blog.csdn.net/elvis12345678/article/details/7909936

http://www.cnblogs.com/hlhdidi/p/6185836.html

四、联系本人

  为方便没有博客园账号的读者交流,特意建立一个企鹅群(纯公益,非利益相关),读者如果有对博文不明之处,欢迎加群交流:261746360,小杜比亚-博客园

05-23 10:14