pic[][]数组存储每个点的值，0或1，输入时在原图的周围加了一圈0。
color[][]数组存储每个点的color值，从1开始，dfs(row, col, c) 负责对每个点着色，连通在一起的连通块的颜色相同。
因为最先着色的是最外围的白色点，即background white，这些点的color值是1。
neighbour[]数组的下标是color值，内容是一个set，存储下标color所代表的连通块周围的连通块的颜色，background white这个连通块不算。
比如
1. 测试用例
6 2
00
7c
44
7c
30
00
代表图像A， 会有3个color，color 1 是 backgroud white， color 2 是唯一的黑色连通块，color 3 是黑色连通块中间的空白区域
2. 测试用例
10 3
000
778
548
748
578
700
000
7f0
1e0
000
代表图像AKW， 会有7个color，color 1 是 backgroud white， color 2, 3, 5 是三个黑色连通块，color 4,6,5 是黑色连通块中间的空白区域
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS // UVa1103 Ancient Messages
// Rujia Liu
// we pad one empty line/column to the top/bottom/left/right border, so color 1 is always "background" white
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
#include<vector>
#include<set>
using namespace std; char bin[][]; const int maxh = + ;
const int maxw = * + ; int H, W, pic[maxh][maxw], color[maxh][maxw];
char line[maxw]; void decode(char ch, int row, int col) {
for (int i = ; i < ; i++)
pic[row][col + i] = bin[ch][i] - '';
} const int dr[] = { -, , , };
const int dc[] = { , , -, }; // dfs from (row, col) and paint color c
void dfs(int row, int col, int c) {
color[row][col] = c;
for (int i = ; i < ; i++) {
int row2 = row + dr[i];
int col2 = col + dc[i];
if (row2 >= && row2 < H && col2 >= && col2 < W && // within range
pic[row2][col2] == pic[row][col] && // same color, both black or both white
color[row2][col2] == ) // not colored yet
dfs(row2, col2, c);
}
} vector<set<int> > neighbors; void check_neighbors(int row, int col) {
for (int i = ; i < ; i++) {
int row2 = row + dr[i];
int col2 = col + dc[i];
if (row2 >= && row2 < H && col2 >= && col2 < W && // within range
pic[row2][col2] == && // this neighbour is a white point
color[row2][col2] != ) // not the background wihte, the outmost white area (background white) is colored 1
neighbors[color[row][col]].insert(color[row2][col2]);
}
} const char* code = "WAKJSD"; char recognize(int c) {
int cnt = neighbors[c].size();
return code[cnt];
} // use this function to print the decoded picture
void print() {
for (int i = ; i < H; i++) {
for (int j = ; j < W; j++) printf("%d", pic[i][j]);
printf("\n");
}
} int main() {
strcpy(bin[''], "");
strcpy(bin[''], "");
strcpy(bin[''], "");
strcpy(bin[''], "");
strcpy(bin[''], "");
strcpy(bin[''], "");
strcpy(bin[''], "");
strcpy(bin[''], "");
strcpy(bin[''], "");
strcpy(bin[''], "");
strcpy(bin['a'], "");
strcpy(bin['b'], "");
strcpy(bin['c'], "");
strcpy(bin['d'], "");
strcpy(bin['e'], "");
strcpy(bin['f'], ""); int kase = ;
while (scanf("%d%d", &H, &W) == && H) {
memset(pic, , sizeof(pic));
for (int i = ; i < H; i++) {
scanf("%s", line);
for (int j = ; j < W; j++)
decode(line[j], i + , j * + );
} H += ; // pad one line on top and bottom
W = W * + ; // pad one line on left and right int cnt = ;
vector<int> cc; // connected components of 1 (black points), their colors are stored
memset(color, , sizeof(color));
for (int i = ; i < H; i++) {
for (int j = ; j < W; j++) {
if (!color[i][j]) {
dfs(i, j, ++cnt);
if (pic[i][j] == ) // black point
cc.push_back(cnt);
}
}
} neighbors.clear();
neighbors.resize(cnt + ); //cnt is color, starting from 1, neighbors[1], ..., neighbors[cnt] are used, neighbors[0] is unused
for (int i = ; i < H; i++) {
for (int j = ; j < W; j++) {
if (pic[i][j] == ) // black point
check_neighbors(i, j); // check its white point neighbours
}
} vector<char> ans;
for (int i = ; i < cc.size(); i++)
ans.push_back(recognize(cc[i]));
sort(ans.begin(), ans.end()); printf("Case %d: ", ++kase);
for (int i = ; i < ans.size(); i++) printf("%c", ans[i]);
printf("\n");
}
return ;
}
http://www.cnblogs.com/AOQNRMGYXLMV/p/3989724.html
首先图像是被压缩过的，所以我们要把它解码成一个01矩阵。而且我们还要在原图像的四周加一圈白边，这样图中的白色背景都连通起来了。
黑色连通块的个数就是字符的个数。
观察题中字符样式可知，每种字符中包裹的“白洞”的个数是不同的，所以我们可以根据每个字符中的“白洞”的个数来区别这些字符。
然后我们给所有的连通块染色，并用color存储所标记的颜色。第一个染的是白色背景色，编号为1
把所有的黑色连通块的标号存放到cc里面
neighbors是由若干个集合所组成的数组，记录的是黑色连通块i周围相连的非背景色的白块，即“白洞”。
最后每个集合中元素的个数对应的就是字符的编号，最后排序输出即可。
http://www.cnblogs.com/hanbinggan/p/4225044.html
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0 0
Case 1: A
Case 2: WW
Case 3: AKW
Case 4: DWWW
Case 5: WWWWWWWW
Case 6: J
Case 7: ADJKSW
Case 8: WWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWWW
Case 9: AKW
Case 10: AAAAA