正常情况下，什么时候上报blocks，是由NameNode通过回复心跳响应的方式触发的。
一次机房搬迁中，原机房hadoop版本为2.7.2，新机房版本为2.8.0，采用先扩容再缩容的方式搬迁。由于新旧机房机型不同和磁盘数不同，操作过程搞混过hdfs-site.xml，因为两种不同的机型，hdfs-site.xml不便做到相同，导致了NameNode报大量“missing block”。
然而依据NameNode所报信息，在DataNode能找到那些被标记为“missing”的blocks。修复配置问题后，“missing block”并没有消失。结合DataNode源代码，估计是因为DataNode没有向NameNode上报blocks。
结合DataNode的源代码，发现了HDFS自带的工具triggerBlockReport，它可以强制指定的DataNode向NameNode上报块，使用方法为：
hdfs dfsadmin -triggerBlockReport datanode_host:ipc_port
如：hdfs dfsadmin -triggerBlockReport 192.168.31.35:50020
正常情况下NameNode启动时，会要求DataNode上报一次blocks（通过fullBlockReportLeaseId值来控制），相关源代码如下：
DataNode相关代码（BPServiceActor.java）：
private void offerService() throws Exception {
HeartbeatResponse resp = sendHeartBeat(requestBlockReportLease); // 向NameNode发向心跳
long fullBlockReportLeaseId = resp.getFullBlockReportLeaseId(); // 心跳响应
boolean forceFullBr = scheduler.forceFullBlockReport.getAndSet(false); // triggerBlockReport强制上报仅一次有效
if (forceFullBr) {
LOG.info("Forcing a full block report to " + nnAddr);
}
if ((fullBlockReportLeaseId != 0) || forceFullBr) {
cmds = blockReport(fullBlockReportLeaseId);
fullBlockReportLeaseId = 0;
}
}
// NameNode相关代码（FSNamesystem.java）：
/**
* The given node has reported in. This method should:
* 1) Record the heartbeat, so the datanode isn't timed out
* 2) Adjust usage stats for future block allocation
*
* If a substantial amount of time passed since the last datanode
* heartbeat then request an immediate block report.
*
* @return an array of datanode commands
* @throws IOException
*/
HeartbeatResponse handleHeartbeat(DatanodeRegistration nodeReg,
StorageReport[] reports, long cacheCapacity, long cacheUsed,
int xceiverCount, int xmitsInProgress, int failedVolumes,
VolumeFailureSummary volumeFailureSummary,
boolean requestFullBlockReportLease) throws IOException {
readLock();
try {
//get datanode commands
final int maxTransfer = blockManager.getMaxReplicationStreams() - xmitsInProgress;
DatanodeCommand[] cmds = blockManager.getDatanodeManager().handleHeartbeat(
nodeReg, reports, blockPoolId, cacheCapacity, cacheUsed,
xceiverCount, maxTransfer, failedVolumes, volumeFailureSummary);
long fullBlockReportLeaseId = 0;
if (requestFullBlockReportLease) {
fullBlockReportLeaseId = blockManager.requestBlockReportLeaseId(nodeReg);
}
//create ha status
final NNHAStatusHeartbeat haState = new NNHAStatusHeartbeat(
haContext.getState().getServiceState(),
getFSImage().getCorrectLastAppliedOrWrittenTxId());
return new HeartbeatResponse(cmds, haState, rollingUpgradeInfo, fullBlockReportLeaseId);
} finally {
readUnlock("handleHeartbeat");
}
}