Django内置的Admin是对于model中对应的数据表进行增删改查提供的组件,使用方式有:
依赖APP: django.contrib.auth django.contrib.contenttypes django.contrib.messages django.contrib.sessions 模板的context_processors: django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages 中间件: django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware
一. 配置路由
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), ]
当前配置的路由可以创建一些路由映射关系:
/admin/ /admin/login/ /admin/logout/ /admin/password_change/ /admin/password_change/done/ /admin/app名称/model名称/ /admin/app名称/model名称/add/ /admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/history/ /admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/change/ /admin/app名称/model名称/ID值/delete/
二. 定制Admin
在admin.py中只需要将Mode中的某个类注册,即可在Admin中实现增删改查的功能,如:
admin.site.register(models.UserInfo)
但是,这种方式比较简单,如果想要进行更多的定制操作,需要利用ModelAdmin进行操作,如:
方式一: class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('user', 'pwd',) admin.site.register(models.UserInfo, UserAdmin) # 第一个参数可以是列表 方式二: @admin.register(models.UserInfo) # 第一个参数可以是列表 class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('user', 'pwd',)
ModelAdmin中提供了大量的可定制功能,如
1. list_display,列表时,定制显示的列。
from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe @admin.register(UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('name', 'email', 'xxxxx','more') def xxxxx(self, obj): # obj是userinfo对象 return obj.name + '最帅' def more(self, obj): return mark_safe("<a href='www.shuaige%s.html'>点击查看写真</a>" % (obj.id,))
2. list_display_links,列表时,定制列可以点击跳转。
@admin.register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('user', 'email', 'xxxxx') list_display_links = ('email',)
3. list_filter,列表时,定制右侧快速筛选。
@admin.register(UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ('name', 'email', 'ut') list_filter = ['name', 'ut']
4. list_select_related,列表时,连表查询是否自动select_related
5. 分页相关
# 分页,每页显示条数 list_per_page = 100 # 分页,显示全部(真实数据<该值时,才会有显示全部) list_max_show_all = 200 # 分页插件 paginator = Paginator
6. list_editable,列表时,可以编辑的列
1 2 3 4 | @admin .register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ( 'user' , 'pwd' , 'ug' ,) list_editable = ( 'ug' ,) |
7. search_fields,列表时,模糊搜索的功能
1 2 3 4 | @admin .register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): search_fields = ( 'user' , 'pwd' ) |
8. date_hierarchy,列表时,对Date和DateTime类型进行搜索
1 2 3 4 | @admin .register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): date_hierarchy = 'ctime' |
9. preserve_filters,详细页面,删除、修改,更新后跳转回列表后,是否保留原搜索条件
10. save_as = False,详细页面,按钮为“Sava as new” 或 “Sava and add another”
11. save_as_continue = True,点击保存并继续编辑
1 2 3 4 5 6 | save_as_continue = True # 如果 save_as=True,save_as_continue = True, 点击Sava as new 按钮后继续编辑。 # 如果 save_as=True,save_as_continue = False,点击Sava as new 按钮后返回列表。 New in Django 1.10 . |
12. save_on_top = False,详细页面,在页面上方是否也显示保存删除等按钮
13. inlines,详细页面,如果有其他表和当前表做FK,那么详细页面可以进行动态增加和删除
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | class UserInfoInline(admin.StackedInline): # TabularInline extra = 0 model = models.UserInfo class GroupAdminMode(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ( 'id' , 'title' ,) inlines = [UserInfoInline, ] |
14. action,列表时,定制action中的操作
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 | @admin .register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): # 定制Action行为具体方法 def func( self , request, queryset): print ( self , request, queryset) print (request.POST.getlist( '_selected_action' )) func.short_description = "中文显示自定义Actions" actions = [func, ] # Action选项都是在页面上方显示 actions_on_top = True # Action选项都是在页面下方显示 actions_on_bottom = False # 是否显示选择个数 actions_selection_counter = True |
15. 定制HTML模板
1 2 3 4 5 6 | add_form_template = None change_form_template = None change_list_template = None delete_confirmation_template = None delete_selected_confirmation_template = None object_history_template = None |
16. raw_id_fields,详细页面,针对FK和M2M字段变成以Input框形式
1 2 3 4 | @admin .register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): raw_id_fields = ( 'FK字段' , 'M2M字段' ,) |
17. fields,详细页面时,显示字段的字段
1 2 3 | @admin .register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): fields = ( 'user' ,) |
18. exclude,详细页面时,排除的字段
1 2 3 | @admin .register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): exclude = ( 'user' ,) |
19. readonly_fields,详细页面时,只读字段
1 2 3 | @admin .register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): readonly_fields = ( 'user' ,) |
20. fieldsets,详细页面时,使用fieldsets标签对数据进行分割显示
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | @admin .register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): fieldsets = ( ( '基本数据' , { 'fields' : ( 'user' , 'pwd' , 'ctime' ,) }), ( '其他' , { 'classes' : ( 'collapse' , 'wide' , 'extrapretty' ), # 'collapse','wide', 'extrapretty' 'fields' : ( 'user' , 'pwd' ), }), ) |
21. 详细页面时,M2M显示时,数据移动选择(方向:上下和左右)
1 2 3 | @admin .register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): filter_vertical = ( "m2m字段" ,) # 或filter_horizontal = ("m2m字段",) |
22. ordering,列表时,数据排序规则
1 2 3 4 5 6 | @admin .register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): ordering = ( '-id' ,) 或 def get_ordering( self , request): return [ '-id' , ] |
23. view_on_site,编辑时,是否在页面上显示view on set
1 2 3 4 | view_on_site = False 或 def view_on_site( self , obj): return 'https://www.baidu.com' |
24. radio_fields,详细页面时,使用radio显示选项(FK默认使用select)
1 | radio_fields = { "ug" : admin.VERTICAL} # 或admin.HORIZONTAL |
25. show_full_result_count = True,列表时,模糊搜索后面显示的数据个数样式
1 2 3 4 5 | @admin .register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): # show_full_result_count = True # 1 result (12 total) # show_full_result_count = False # 1 result (Show all) search_fields = ( 'user' ,) |
26. formfield_overrides = {},详细页面时,指定现实插件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 | from django.forms import widgets from django.utils.html import format_html class MyTextarea(widgets.Widget): def __init__( self , attrs = None ): # Use slightly better defaults than HTML's 20x2 box default_attrs = { 'cols' : '40' , 'rows' : '10' } if attrs: default_attrs.update(attrs) super (MyTextarea, self ).__init__(default_attrs) def render( self , name, value, attrs = None ): if value is None : value = '' final_attrs = self .build_attrs(attrs, name = name) return format_html( '<textarea {}>\r\n{}</textarea>' ,final_attrs, value) @admin .register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): formfield_overrides = { models.models.CharField: { 'widget' : MyTextarea}, } |
27. prepopulated_fields = {},添加页面,当在某字段填入值后,自动会将值填充到指定字段。
1 2 3 4 | @admin .register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): prepopulated_fields = { "email" : ( "user" , "pwd" ,)} |
PS: DjangoAdmin中使用js实现功能,页面email字段的值会在输入:user、pwd时自动填充
28. form = ModelForm,用于定制用户请求时候表单验证
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | from app01 import models from django.forms import ModelForm from django.forms import fields class MyForm(ModelForm): others = fields.CharField() class Meta: model = models = models.UserInfo fields = "__all__" @admin .register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): form = MyForm |
29. empty_value_display = "列数据为空时,显示默认值"
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | @admin .register(models.UserInfo) class UserAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): empty_value_display = "列数据为空时,默认显示" list_display = ( 'user' , 'pwd' , 'up' ) def up( self ,obj): return obj.user up.empty_value_display = "指定列数据为空时,默认显示" |