1.Linux下生成密钥

  ssh-keygen的命令手册,通过”man ssh-keygen“命令:

Linux下实现免密码登录-LMLPHP

  通过命令”ssh-keygen -t rsa“

Linux下实现免密码登录-LMLPHP

  生成之后会在用户的根目录生成一个 “.ssh”的文件夹

Linux下实现免密码登录-LMLPHP

  进入“.ssh”会生成以下几个文件

Linux下实现免密码登录-LMLPHP

  authorized_keys:存放远程免密登录的公钥,主要通过这个文件记录多台机器的公钥

  id_rsa : 生成的私钥文件

  id_rsa.pub : 生成的公钥文件

  know_hosts : 已知的主机公钥清单

    如果希望ssh公钥生效需满足至少下面两个条件:

      1) .ssh目录的权限必须是700

     2) .ssh/authorized_keys文件权限必须是600

2.远程免密登录

  原理图:

Linux下实现免密码登录-LMLPHP

  常用以下几种方法:

    2.1 通过ssh-copy-id的方式

    命令: ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub <romte_ip>

    举例:      

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[root@test .ssh]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.91.135
[email protected]'s password:
Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh '192.168.91.135'", and check in:
 
.ssh/authorized_keys
 
to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.
 
[root@test .ssh]# ssh [email protected]
Last login: Mon Oct 10 01:25:49 2016 from 192.168.91.133
[root@localhost ~]#

    常见错误:

      [root@test ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.91.135

      -bash: ssh-copy-id: command not found //提示命令不存在

      解决办法:yum -y install openssh-clients

   2.2 通过scp将内容写到对方的文件中

      命令:scp -p ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@<remote_ip>:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys

      举例:

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[root@test .ssh]# scp -p ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys
[email protected]'s password:
id_rsa.pub 100% 408 0.4KB/s 00:00
[root@test .ssh]#
[root@test .ssh]#
[root@test .ssh]#
[root@test .ssh]# ssh [email protected]
Last login: Mon Oct 10 01:27:02 2016 from 192.168.91.133
[root@localhost ~]#

      也可以分为两步操作:

      $ scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@<remote_ip>:pub_key //将文件拷贝至远程服务器
      $ cat ~/pub_key >>~/.ssh/authorized_keys //将内容追加到authorized_keys文件中, 不过要登录远程服务器来执行这条命令

05-16 14:24