django是属于python语音的web框架,要说django測试。也能够先说说python的測试。django能够用python的方式測试,当然,django也基于python封装了一个自己的測试库。
一、python的測试--unitest库
def my_func(a_list, idx):
return a_list[idx] import unittest
class MyFuncTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def testBasic(self):
a = ['larry', 'curly', 'moe']
self.assertEqual(my_func(a, 0), 'larry')
self.assertEqual(my_func(a, 1), 'curly')
二、django的測试--django.utils.unittest库、django.test.client库。
(1)django.utils.unittest库
更高级一点的,引用django封装的unittest。对了,这样写另一个优点:測试case能够直接用django里的models,操作数据库很方便。
from django.utils import unittest
from myapp.models import Animal class AnimalTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.lion = Animal.objects.create(name="lion", sound="roar")
self.cat = Animal.objects.create(name="cat", sound="meow") def test_animals_can_speak(self):
"""Animals that can speak are correctly identified"""
self.assertEqual(self.lion.speak(), 'The lion says "roar"')
self.assertEqual(self.cat.speak(), 'The cat says "meow"')
(2)django.test.client库
django作为web的服务端,要測试其服务功能,必须模拟一个client,訪问服务端验证
from django.utils import unittest
from django.test.client import Client class SimpleTest(unittest.TestCase):
def setUp(self):
# Every test needs a client.
self.client = Client() def test_details(self):
# Issue a GET request.
response = self.client.get('/customer/details/') # Check that the response is 200 OK.
self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200) # Check that the rendered context contains 5 customers.
self.assertEqual(len(response.context['customers']), 5)
或者更高级的。直接用from django.test.TestCase
from django.test import TestCase class SimpleTest(TestCase):
def test_details(self):
response = self.client.get('/customer/details/')
self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200) def test_index(self):
response = self.client.get('/customer/index/')
self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
三、数据库使用
假设你測试时候还须要初始化数据库,那TestCase.fixtures帮你了。
并且,django在測试的时候。会帮你创建一个新的数据库名为:test_原有数据库名。
这样能够防止真实数据库被弄脏。
你能够这样初始化你的数据库:
from django.test import TestCase
from myapp.models import Animal class AnimalTestCase(TestCase):
fixtures = ['mammals.json', 'birds'] def setUp(self):
# Test definitions as before.
call_setup_methods() def testFluffyAnimals(self):
# A test that uses the fixtures.
call_some_test_code()
那有人就问了:mammals.json怎么来的呢?格式是什么呢?事实上这个文件是用python manage.py dumpdata命令来的。有关这个命令的文档请google之。文件格式大概例如以下:
[
{
"pk": 1,
"model": "apps.animal",
"fields": {
"status": 1,
"gmt_modified": "2015-07-06T14:05:38",
"gmt_created": "2015-07-06T14:05:38",
"alive": 1,
"info": ""
}
},
{
"pk": 2,
"model": "apps.animal",
"fields": {
"status": 0,
"gmt_modified": "2015-07-06T14:05:53",
"gmt_created": "2015-07-06T14:05:53",
"alive": 1,
"info": ""
}
}
]
事实上,django.test这个包还有非常多其它的功能,不能一一列举,具体能够看django官方文档。