今天是2013-12-16，今天和明天是我学习oracle生涯中一个特殊的日子。今天晚上进行了一下表空间管理方式的学习，在此记录一下笔记。
对于oracle数据库最小i/0单位是数据块，最想分配空间单位是区，对于表空间的管理其实是对区的管理，在8i之前采用数据字典管理表空间 ，通过uet$和fet$进行管理。可是从8i开始引入了本地管理表空间方式（LMT)，以此缓解了系统性能问题（如碎片产生等）。
对于oracle段管理方式，在9i之前采用的是mssm手动段空间管理技术，采用了是在数据段头加入free list进行管理，可是往往出现性能问题（如 buffer busy wai），以此到9i开始引入了assm自动段管理方式。
首先了解段管理表空间方式assm；
在11g中存在延迟段，且在第一次分配区间的时候，在11.2.0.4版本中1-2数据块为数据文件头部信息，3-7为区间位图信息，8-10为段位图信息。
创建测试表空间：
SQL> create tablespace test datafile '+DATAGROUP1/rhys/datafile/test.dbf' size 20M autoextend off extent management local uniform size 156K segment space management auto;
Tablespace created.
创建用户：
SQL> create user amy identified by root default tablespace test temporary tablespace temp quota 10M on test password expire;
User created.
SQL> grant create session,resource to amy;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> conn amy/root
ERROR:
ORA-28001: the password has expired
Changing password for amy
New password:
Retype new password:
Password changed
Connected.
创建测试表：
SQL> create table t (
2 a number,
3 b varchar2(20));
Table created.
SQL> insert into t values(1,'a');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
查看区间分配情况：（sys用户）
SQL> select owner,segment_name,segment_type,file_id,extent_id,block_id from dba_extents where segment_name='T';
OWNER SEGMENT_NAME SEGMENT_TYPE FILE_ID EXTENT_ID BLOCK_ID
------------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
AMY T TABLE 5 0 8
SQL> ALTER TABLE AMY.T ALLOCATE EXTENT;
Table altered.
SQL> select owner,segment_name,segment_type,file_id,extent_id,block_id,BLOCKS from dba_extents where segment_name='T';
OWNER SEGMENT_NAME SEGMENT_TYPE FILE_ID EXTENT_ID BLOCK_ID BLOCKS
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
AMY T TABLE 5 0 8 20
AMY T TABLE 5 1 28 20
SQL> alter system dump datafile 5 block 9;
System altered.
SQL> select * from v$diag_info;
INST_ID NAME VALUE
---------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Diag Enabled TRUE
1 ADR Base /opt/app/oracle
1 ADR Home /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS
1 Diag Trace /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/trace
1 Diag Alert /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/alert
1 Diag Incident /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/incident
1 Diag Cdump /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/cdump
1 Health Monitor /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/hm
1 Default Trace File /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/trace/RHYS_ora_3386.trc
1 Active Problem Count 0
1 Active Incident Count 0
11 rows selected.
查看trace文件：
可以看到这是第一个位图块，没有任何数据。
Dump of First Level Bitmap Block
--------------------------------
nbits : 4 nranges: 1 parent dba: 0x0140000a poffset: 1
unformatted: 0 total: 4 first useful block: 0
owning instance : 1
instance ownership changed at 12/16/2013 20:38:38
Last successful Search 12/16/2013 20:38:38
Freeness Status: nf1 0 nf2 0 nf3 0 nf4 4
Extent Map Block Offset: 4294967295
First free datablock : 0
Bitmap block lock opcode 0
Locker xid: : 0x0000.000.00000000
Dealloc scn: 925704.0
Flag: 0x00000001 (-/-/-/-/-/HWM)
Inc #: 0 Objd: 87521
HWM Flag: HWM Set
Highwater:: 0x0140001c ext#: 0 blk#: 20 ext size: 20
#blocks in seg. hdr's freelists: 0
#blocks below: 16
mapblk 0x00000000 offset: 0
--------------------------------------------------------
DBA Ranges :
--------------------------------------------------------
0x01400018 Length: 4 Offset: 0
0:75-100% free 1:75-100% free 2:75-100% free 3:75-100% free
--------------------------------------------------------
End dump data blocks tsn: 6 file#: 5 minblk 9 maxblk 9
父指针指向第10个块parent dba: 0x0140000a
当插入数据之后：
SQL> show user
USER is "SYS"
SQL> conn sudo[amy]/proxy
Connected.
SQL> begin
2 for i in 202..200000 loop
3 insert into t(a) values(i);
4 commit;
5 end loop;
6 end;
7 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> select owner,segment_name,segment_type,file_id,extent_id,block_id,BLOCKS from dba_extents where segment_name='T';
OWNER SEGMENT_NAME SEGMENT_TYPE FILE_ID EXTENT_ID BLOCK_ID BLOCKS
------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
AMY T TABLE 5 0 8 20
AMY T TABLE 5 1 28 20
AMY T TABLE 5 2 48 20
AMY T TABLE 5 3 68 20
AMY T TABLE 5 4 88 20
AMY T TABLE 5 5 108 20
AMY T TABLE 5 6 128 20
AMY T TABLE 5 7 148 20
AMY T TABLE 5 8 168 20
AMY T TABLE 5 9 188 20
AMY T TABLE 5 10 208 20
OWNER SEGMENT_NAME SEGMENT_TYPE FILE_ID EXTENT_ID BLOCK_ID BLOCKS
------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
AMY T TABLE 5 11 228 20
AMY T TABLE 5 12 248 20
AMY T TABLE 5 13 268 20
AMY T TABLE 5 14 288 20
AMY T TABLE 5 15 308 20
AMY T TABLE 5 16 328 20
17 rows selected.
SQL> select * from v$diag_info;
INST_ID NAME VALUE
---------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Diag Enabled TRUE
1 ADR Base /opt/app/oracle
1 ADR Home /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS
1 Diag Trace /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/trace
1 Diag Alert /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/alert
1 Diag Incident /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/incident
1 Diag Cdump /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/cdump
1 Health Monitor /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/hm
1 Default Trace File /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/trace/RHYS_ora_3540.trc
1 Active Problem Count 0
1 Active Incident Count 0
11 rows selected.
查看trace日志：
Dump of First Level Bitmap Block
--------------------------------
nbits : 4 nranges: 1 parent dba: 0x0140000a poffset: 1
unformatted: 0 total: 4 first useful block: 0
owning instance : 1
instance ownership changed at 12/16/2013 20:38:38
Last successful Search 12/16/2013 20:38:38
Freeness Status: nf1 0 nf2 0 nf3 0 nf4 0
Extent Map Block Offset: 4294967295
First free datablock : 4
Bitmap block lock opcode 0
Locker xid: : 0x0000.000.00000000
Dealloc scn: 925704.0
Flag: 0x00000000 (-/-/-/-/-/-)
Inc #: 0 Objd: 87521
--------------------------------------------------------
DBA Ranges :
--------------------------------------------------------
0x01400018 Length: 4 Offset: 0
0:FULL 1:FULL 2:FULL 3:FULL
--------------------------------------------------------
End dump data blocks tsn: 6 file#: 5 minblk 9 maxblk 9
该位图块管理的数据块以及填满数据。父指针指向第10个块parent dba: 0x0140000a
查看第10个块：
[oracle@oracle-one ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Dec 16 21:11:20 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> col name for a30
SQL> col value for a700
SQL> col value for a70
SQL> alter system dump datafile 5 block 10;
System altered.
SQL> select * from v$diag_info;
INST_ID NAME VALUE
---------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Diag Enabled TRUE
1 ADR Base /opt/app/oracle
1 ADR Home /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS
1 Diag Trace /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/trace
1 Diag Alert /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/alert
1 Diag Incident /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/incident
1 Diag Cdump /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/cdump
1 Health Monitor /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/hm
1 Default Trace File /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/trace/RHYS_ora_3560.trc
1 Active Problem Count 0
1 Active Incident Count 0
11 rows selected.
Start dump data blocks tsn: 6 file#:5 minblk 10 maxblk 10
Block dump from cache:
Dump of buffer cache at level 4 for tsn=6 rdba=20971530
BH (0x7bbf6610) file#: 5 rdba: 0x0140000a (5/10) class: 9 ba: 0x7bb54000
set: 3 pool: 3 bsz: 8192 bsi: 0 sflg: 1 pwc: 0,25
dbwrid: 0 obj: 87521 objn: 87521 tsn: 6 afn: 5 hint: f
hash: [0x83d3a660,0x83d3a660] lru: [0x7bbf6838,0x7bbf6490]
lru-flags: hot_buffer
obj-flags: object_ckpt_list
ckptq: [0x73bf43f0,0x73bf4660] fileq: [0x73bf4058,0x73fde770] objq: [0x73fde740,0x7bbf6860] objaq: [0x7bbf6870,0x7bbf64c8]
st: XCURRENT md: NULL fpin: 'ktspswh4: ktspfsbmb' tch: 20
flags: buffer_dirty block_written_once redo_since_read
LRBA: [0x7.16957.0] LSCN: [0x0.15daf9] HSCN: [0x0.160e8c] HSUB: [1]
Block dump from disk:
buffer tsn: 6 rdba: 0x0140000a (5/10)
scn: 0x0000.0015a824 seq: 0x02 flg: 0x04 tail: 0xa8242102
frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0xd354 type: 0x21=SECOND LEVEL BITMAP BLOCK
Hex dump of block: st=0, typ_found=1
Dump of memory from 0x00007F8C57405A00 to 0x00007F8C57407A00
7F8C57405A00 0000A221 0140000A 0015A824 04020000 [!.....@.$.......]
7F8C57405A10 0000D354 00000000 00000000 00000000 [T...............]
7F8C57405A20 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 [................]
Repeat 1 times
7F8C57405A40 00000000 00000000 00000000 0140000B [..............@.]
7F8C57405A50 0000000F 00000001 0000000E 00000000 [................]
7F8C57405A60 00000000 00000000 000155E1 00000001 [.........U......]
7F8C57405A70 00000000 01400008 00010001 01400009 [......@.......@.]
7F8C57405A80 00010001 0140001C 00010001 0140001D [......@.......@.]
7F8C57405A90 00010001 01400030 00010001 01400031 [[email protected].@.]
7F8C57405AA0 00010001 01400044 00010001 01400045 [[email protected].@.]
7F8C57405AB0 00010001 01400058 00010001 01400059 [[email protected].@.]
7F8C57405AC0 00010001 0140006C 00010001 0140006D [[email protected].@.]
7F8C57405AD0 00010001 01400080 00010001 014000BC [......@.......@.]
7F8C57405AE0 00010001 014000F8 00010005 00000000 [......@.........]
7F8C57405AF0 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 [................]
Repeat 495 times
7F8C574079F0 00000000 00000000 00000000 A8242102 [.............!$.]
Dump of Second Level Bitmap Block
number: 15 nfree: 1 ffree: 14 pdba: 0x0140000b
Inc #: 0 Objd: 87521
opcode:0
xid:
L1 Ranges :
--------------------------------------------------------
0x01400008 Free: 1 Inst: 1
0x01400009 Free: 1 Inst: 1
0x0140001c Free: 1 Inst: 1
0x0140001d Free: 1 Inst: 1
0x01400030 Free: 1 Inst: 1
0x01400031 Free: 1 Inst: 1
0x01400044 Free: 1 Inst: 1
0x01400045 Free: 1 Inst: 1
0x01400058 Free: 1 Inst: 1
0x01400059 Free: 1 Inst: 1
0x0140006c Free: 1 Inst: 1
0x0140006d Free: 1 Inst: 1
0x01400080 Free: 1 Inst: 1
0x014000bc Free: 1 Inst: 1
0x014000f8 Free: 5 Inst: 1
--------------------------------------------------------
End dump data blocks tsn: 6 file#: 5 minblk 10 maxblk 10
该块为二级位图块，其中包含了每个一级块信息。父指针指向了0b也就是第11个块（三级位图块）
查看第11块信息：
oracle@oracle-one ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Dec 16 21:13:53 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> col name for a20
SQL> col value for a70
SQL> alter system dump datafile 5 block 11;
System altered.
SQL> select * from v$diag_info;
INST_ID NAME VALUE
---------- -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Diag Enabled TRUE
1 ADR Base /opt/app/oracle
1 ADR Home /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS
1 Diag Trace /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/trace
1 Diag Alert /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/alert
1 Diag Incident /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/incident
1 Diag Cdump /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/cdump
1 Health Monitor /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/hm
1 Default Trace File /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/trace/RHYS_ora_3583.trc
1 Active Problem Count 0
1 Active Incident Coun 0
INST_ID NAME VALUE
---------- -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------
t
11 rows selected.
SQL>
Start dump data blocks tsn: 6 file#:5 minblk 11 maxblk 11
Block dump from cache:
Dump of buffer cache at level 4 for tsn=6 rdba=20971531
BH (0x7bbf6748) file#: 5 rdba: 0x0140000b (5/11) class: 4 ba: 0x7bb56000
set: 3 pool: 3 bsz: 8192 bsi: 0 sflg: 1 pwc: 0,25
dbwrid: 0 obj: 87521 objn: 87521 tsn: 6 afn: 5 hint: f
hash: [0x83e16550,0x83e16550] lru: [0x7bbf6970,0x7bbf6700]
lru-flags: hot_buffer
ckptq: [NULL] fileq: [NULL] objq: [0x7bbf6728,0x73bf3ef0] objaq: [0x80b5d9d8,0x7bbf6738]
st: XCURRENT md: NULL fpin: 'ktswh03: ktscts' tch: 26
flags: block_written_once redo_since_read
LRBA: [0x0.0.0] LSCN: [0x0.0] HSCN: [0xffff.ffffffff] HSUB: [1]
Block dump from disk:
buffer tsn: 6 rdba: 0x0140000b (5/11)
scn: 0x0000.00160e8d seq: 0x02 flg: 0x04 tail: 0x0e8d2302
frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0xffa2 type: 0x23=PAGETABLE SEGMENT HEADER
Hex dump of block: st=0, typ_found=1
Dump of memory from 0x00007FE375257A00 to 0x00007FE375259A00
7FE375257A00 0000A223 0140000B 00160E8D 04020000 [#.....@.........]
7FE375257A10 0000FFA2 00000000 00000000 00000000 [................]
7FE375257A20 00000000 00000011 00000154 00000A9C [........T.......]
7FE375257A30 00000010 00000014 00000014 0140015C [............\.@.]
7FE375257A40 00000000 00000010 00000000 00000142 [............B...]
7FE375257A50 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000001 [................]
7FE375257A60 00000010 00000014 0140002C 00000000 [........,.@.....]
7FE375257A70 00000001 00000000 00000022 0140001C [........".....@.]
7FE375257A80 01400134 00000000 00000000 00000000 [4.@.............]
7FE375257A90 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 [................]
Repeat 3 times
7FE375257AD0 00000001 00002000 00000000 00001434 [..... ......4...]
7FE375257AE0 00000000 0140000A 00000001 01400134 [[email protected].@.]
7FE375257AF0 0140000A 00000000 00000000 00000000 [..@.............]
7FE375257B00 00000000 00000000 00000011 00000000 [................]
7FE375257B10 000155E1 10000000 01400008 00000014 [.U........@.....]
7FE375257B20 0140001C 00000014 01400030 00000014 [[email protected].@.....]
7FE375257B30 01400044 00000014 01400058 00000014 [[email protected].@.....]
7FE375257B40 0140006C 00000014 01400080 00000014 [l.@.......@.....]
7FE375257B50 01400094 00000014 014000A8 00000014 [..@.......@.....]
7FE375257B60 014000BC 00000014 014000D0 00000014 [..@.......@.....]
7FE375257B70 014000E4 00000014 014000F8 00000014 [..@.......@.....]
7FE375257B80 0140010C 00000014 01400120 00000014 [..@..... .@.....]
7FE375257B90 01400134 00000014 01400148 00000014 [[email protected].@.....]
7FE375257BA0 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 [................]
Repeat 144 times
7FE3752584B0 01400008 0140000C 0140001C 0140001E [..@...@...@...@.]
7FE3752584C0 01400030 01400032 01400044 01400046 [[email protected][email protected][email protected].@.]
7FE3752584D0 01400058 0140005A 0140006C 0140006E [[email protected][email protected][email protected].@.]
7FE3752584E0 01400080 01400081 01400080 01400094 [..@...@...@...@.]
7FE3752584F0 01400080 014000A8 014000BC 014000BD [..@...@...@...@.]
7FE375258500 014000BC 014000D0 014000BC 014000E4 [..@...@...@...@.]
7FE375258510 014000F8 014000F9 014000F8 0140010C [..@...@...@...@.]
7FE375258520 014000F8 01400120 01400134 01400135 [..@. [email protected][email protected].@.]
7FE375258530 01400134 01400148 00000000 00000000 [[email protected].@.........]
7FE375258540 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 [................]
Repeat 143 times
7FE375258E40 00000000 00000000 0140000A 00000000 [..........@.....]
7FE375258E50 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 [................]
Repeat 185 times
7FE3752599F0 00000000 00000000 00000000 0E8D2302 [.............#..]
Extent Control Header
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Extent Header:: spare1: 0 spare2: 0 #extents: 17 #blocks: 340
last map 0x00000000 #maps: 0 offset: 2716
Highwater:: 0x0140015c ext#: 16 blk#: 20 ext size: 20
#blocks in seg. hdr's freelists: 0
#blocks below: 322
mapblk 0x00000000 offset: 16
Unlocked
--------------------------------------------------------
Low HighWater Mark :
Highwater:: 0x0140002c ext#: 1 blk#: 16 ext size: 20
#blocks in seg. hdr's freelists: 0
#blocks below: 34
mapblk 0x00000000 offset: 1
Level 1 BMB for High HWM block: 0x01400134
Level 1 BMB for Low HWM block: 0x0140001c
--------------------------------------------------------
Segment Type: 1 nl2: 1 blksz: 8192 fbsz: 0
L2 Array start offset: 0x00001434
First Level 3 BMB: 0x00000000
L2 Hint for inserts: 0x0140000a
Last Level 1 BMB: 0x01400134
Last Level II BMB: 0x0140000a
Last Level III BMB: 0x00000000
Map Header:: next 0x00000000 #extents: 17 obj#: 87521 flag: 0x10000000
Inc # 0
Extent Map
-----------------------------------------------------------------
0x01400008 length: 20
0x0140001c length: 20
0x01400030 length: 20
0x01400044 length: 20
0x01400058 length: 20
0x0140006c length: 20
0x01400080 length: 20
0x01400094 length: 20
0x014000a8 length: 20
0x014000bc length: 20
0x014000d0 length: 20
0x014000e4 length: 20
0x014000f8 length: 20
0x0140010c length: 20
0x01400120 length: 20
0x01400134 length: 20
0x01400148 length: 20
Auxillary Map
--------------------------------------------------------
Extent 0 : L1 dba: 0x01400008 Data dba: 0x0140000c
Extent 1 : L1 dba: 0x0140001c Data dba: 0x0140001e
Extent 2 : L1 dba: 0x01400030 Data dba: 0x01400032
Extent 3 : L1 dba: 0x01400044 Data dba: 0x01400046
Extent 4 : L1 dba: 0x01400058 Data dba: 0x0140005a
Extent 5 : L1 dba: 0x0140006c Data dba: 0x0140006e
Extent 6 : L1 dba: 0x01400080 Data dba: 0x01400081
Extent 7 : L1 dba: 0x01400080 Data dba: 0x01400094
Extent 8 : L1 dba: 0x01400080 Data dba: 0x014000a8
Extent 9 : L1 dba: 0x014000bc Data dba: 0x014000bd
Extent 10 : L1 dba: 0x014000bc Data dba: 0x014000d0
Extent 11 : L1 dba: 0x014000bc Data dba: 0x014000e4
Extent 12 : L1 dba: 0x014000f8 Data dba: 0x014000f9
Extent 13 : L1 dba: 0x014000f8 Data dba: 0x0140010c
Extent 14 : L1 dba: 0x014000f8 Data dba: 0x01400120
Extent 15 : L1 dba: 0x01400134 Data dba: 0x01400135
Extent 16 : L1 dba: 0x01400134 Data dba: 0x01400148
--------------------------------------------------------
Second Level Bitmap block DBAs
--------------------------------------------------------
DBA 1: 0x0140000a
End dump data blocks tsn: 6 file#: 5 minblk 11 maxblk 11
可以看出11块为数据段头信息。
继续查看第二个extent的第一个块（28块）
oracle@oracle-one ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Dec 16 21:25:41 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> col name for a30
SQL> col value for a70
SQL> alter system dump datafile 5 block 28;
System altered.
SQL> select * from v$diag_info;
INST_ID NAME VALUE
---------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Diag Enabled TRUE
1 ADR Base /opt/app/oracle
1 ADR Home /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS
1 Diag Trace /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/trace
1 Diag Alert /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/alert
1 Diag Incident /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/incident
1 Diag Cdump /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/cdump
1 Health Monitor /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/hm
1 Default Trace File /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/trace/RHYS_ora_3650.trc
1 Active Problem Count 0
1 Active Incident Count 0
11 rows selected.
Dump of First Level Bitmap Block
--------------------------------
nbits : 4 nranges: 1 parent dba: 0x0140000a poffset: 2
unformatted: 0 total: 16 first useful block: 2
owning instance : 1
instance ownership changed at 12/16/2013 21:06:16
Last successful Search 12/16/2013 21:06:16
Freeness Status: nf1 0 nf2 0 nf3 0 nf4 0
Extent Map Block Offset: 4294967295
First free datablock : 16
Bitmap block lock opcode 0
Locker xid: : 0x0000.000.00000000
Dealloc scn: 925704.0
Flag: 0x00000000 (-/-/-/-/-/-)
Inc #: 0 Objd: 87521
--------------------------------------------------------
DBA Ranges :
--------------------------------------------------------
0x0140001c Length: 16 Offset: 0
0:Metadata 1:Metadata 2:FULL 3:FULL
4:FULL 5:FULL 6:FULL 7:FULL
8:FULL 9:FULL 10:FULL 11:FULL
12:FULL 13:FULL 14:FULL 15:FULL
--------------------------------------------------------
End dump data blocks tsn: 6 file#: 5 minblk 28 maxblk 28
这一是第二个extent的第一位图块，父指针为第10个块。
查看第29个块。
oracle@oracle-one ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Dec 16 21:27:36 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> col name for a30
SQL> col value for a70
SQL> alter system dump datafile 5 block 29;
System altered.
SQL> select * from v$diag_info;
INST_ID NAME VALUE
---------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Diag Enabled TRUE
1 ADR Base /opt/app/oracle
1 ADR Home /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS
1 Diag Trace /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/trace
1 Diag Alert /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/alert
1 Diag Incident /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/incident
1 Diag Cdump /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/cdump
1 Health Monitor /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/hm
1 Default Trace File /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/trace/RHYS_ora_3664.trc
1 Active Problem Count 0
1 Active Incident Count 0
11 rows selected.
SQL> exit
Dump of First Level Bitmap Block
--------------------------------
nbits : 4 nranges: 1 parent dba: 0x0140000a poffset: 3
unformatted: 0 total: 4 first useful block: 0
owning instance : 1
instance ownership changed at 12/16/2013 21:06:15
Last successful Search 12/16/2013 21:06:15
Freeness Status: nf1 0 nf2 0 nf3 0 nf4 0
Extent Map Block Offset: 4294967295
First free datablock : 4
Bitmap block lock opcode 0
Locker xid: : 0x0000.000.00000000
Dealloc scn: 925704.0
Flag: 0x00000000 (-/-/-/-/-/-)
Inc #: 0 Objd: 87521
--------------------------------------------------------
DBA Ranges :
--------------------------------------------------------
0x0140002c Length: 4 Offset: 0
0:FULL 1:FULL 2:FULL 3:FULL
--------------------------------------------------------
End dump data blocks tsn: 6 file#: 5 minblk 29 maxblk 29
这个也是第一位图块，其中管理4个块。而第28位图块管理16个块，一共管理20个块，正好到下一个extent。
继续查看30块；
[oracle@oracle-one ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Dec 16 21:30:54 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> col name for a30
SQL> col value for a70
SQL> alter system dump datafile 5 block 30;
System altered.
SQL> select * from v$diag_info;
INST_ID NAME VALUE
---------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Diag Enabled TRUE
1 ADR Base /opt/app/oracle
1 ADR Home /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS
1 Diag Trace /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/trace
1 Diag Alert /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/alert
1 Diag Incident /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/incident
1 Diag Cdump /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/cdump
1 Health Monitor /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/hm
1 Default Trace File /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/trace/RHYS_ora_3683.trc
1 Active Problem Count 0
1 Active Incident Count 0
11 rows selected.
SQL>
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
col 0: [ 4] c3 03 0c 39
tab 0, row 36, @0x1e70
tl: 8 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x0 cc: 1
col 0: [ 4] c3 03 0c 3a
tab 0, row 37, @0x1e68
tl: 8 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x0 cc: 1
col 0: [ 4] c3 03 0c 3b
tab 0, row 38, @0x1e60
tl: 8 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x0 cc: 1
col 0: [ 4] c3 03 0c 3c
tab 0, row 39, @0x1e58
tl: 8 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x0 cc: 1
col 0: [ 4] c3 03 0c 3d
tab 0, row 40, @0x1e50
tl: 8 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x0 cc: 1
col 0: [ 4] c3 03 0c 3e
tab 0, row 41, @0x1e48
tl: 8 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x0 cc: 1
col 0: [ 4] c3 03 0c 3f
tab 0, row 42, @0x1e40
tl: 8 fb: --H-FL-- lb: 0x0 cc: 1
col 0: [ 4] c3 03 0c 40
tab 0, row 43, @0x1e38
。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
这就记录了数据信息。
继续查看第三个extent，第一个块48。
[oracle@oracle-one ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Dec 16 22:06:00 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> col name for a30
SQL> col value for a70
SQL> alter system dump datafile 5 block 48;
System altered.
SQL> select * from v$diag_info;
INST_ID NAME VALUE
---------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Diag Enabled TRUE
1 ADR Base /opt/app/oracle
1 ADR Home /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS
1 Diag Trace /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/trace
1 Diag Alert /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/alert
1 Diag Incident /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/incident
1 Diag Cdump /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/cdump
1 Health Monitor /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/hm
1 Default Trace File /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/trace/RHYS_ora_3916.trc
1 Active Problem Count 0
1 Active Incident Count 0
11 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> exit
Dump of First Level Bitmap Block
--------------------------------
nbits : 4 nranges: 1 parent dba: 0x0140000a poffset: 4
unformatted: 0 total: 16 first useful block: 2
owning instance : 1
instance ownership changed at 12/16/2013 21:06:21
Last successful Search 12/16/2013 21:06:21
Freeness Status: nf1 0 nf2 0 nf3 0 nf4 0
Extent Map Block Offset: 4294967295
First free datablock : 16
Bitmap block lock opcode 0
Locker xid: : 0x0000.000.00000000
Dealloc scn: 925704.0
Flag: 0x00000000 (-/-/-/-/-/-)
Inc #: 0 Objd: 87521
--------------------------------------------------------
DBA Ranges :
--------------------------------------------------------
0x01400030 Length: 16 Offset: 0
0:Metadata 1:Metadata 2:FULL 3:FULL
4:FULL 5:FULL 6:FULL 7:FULL
8:FULL 9:FULL 10:FULL 11:FULL
12:FULL 13:FULL 14:FULL 15:FULL
--------------------------------------------------------
End dump data blocks tsn: 6 file#: 5 minblk 48 maxblk 48
这是第三个分区的第一个块，为第一位图块，管理16个块，父指针指向了第10个块二级位图块。
继续查看49个块
[oracle@oracle-one ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Dec 16 22:11:30 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> col name for a30
SQL> col value for a70
SQL> alter system dump datafile 5 block 49;
System altered.
SQL> select * from v$diag_info;
INST_ID NAME VALUE
---------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Diag Enabled TRUE
1 ADR Base /opt/app/oracle
1 ADR Home /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS
1 Diag Trace /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/trace
1 Diag Alert /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/alert
1 Diag Incident /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/incident
1 Diag Cdump /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/cdump
1 Health Monitor /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/hm
1 Default Trace File /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/trace/RHYS_ora_3967.trc
1 Active Problem Count 0
1 Active Incident Count 0
11 rows selected.
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> exit
Dump of First Level Bitmap Block
--------------------------------
nbits : 4 nranges: 1 parent dba: 0x0140000a poffset: 5
unformatted: 0 total: 4 first useful block: 0
owning instance : 1
instance ownership changed at 12/16/2013 21:06:20
Last successful Search 12/16/2013 21:06:20
Freeness Status: nf1 0 nf2 0 nf3 0 nf4 0
Extent Map Block Offset: 4294967295
First free datablock : 4
Bitmap block lock opcode 0
Locker xid: : 0x0000.000.00000000
Dealloc scn: 925704.0
Flag: 0x00000000 (-/-/-/-/-/-)
Inc #: 0 Objd: 87521
--------------------------------------------------------
DBA Ranges :
--------------------------------------------------------
0x01400040 Length: 4 Offset: 0
0:FULL 1:FULL 2:FULL 3:FULL
--------------------------------------------------------
End dump data blocks tsn: 6 file#: 5 minblk 49 maxblk 49
注意这也是第一个位图块，父指针指向第二个位图块10块，管理4个block，加上48块的位图块管理块，正好是20个块。
注意：刚刚开始在dump第九个块开始，可是在创建表的时候分配的第一个块为第8个块。下面查看一下：
[oracle@oracle-one ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Dec 16 22:24:38 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> col name for a30
SQL> col value for a70
SQL> alter system dump datafile 5 block 8;
System altered.
SQL> select * from v$diag_info;
INST_ID NAME VALUE
---------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Diag Enabled TRUE
1 ADR Base /opt/app/oracle
1 ADR Home /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS
1 Diag Trace /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/trace
1 Diag Alert /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/alert
1 Diag Incident /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/incident
1 Diag Cdump /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/cdump
1 Health Monitor /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/hm
1 Default Trace File /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/trace/RHYS_ora_4037.trc
1 Active Problem Count 0
1 Active Incident Count 0
11 rows selected.
SQL> exit
Dump of First Level Bitmap Block
--------------------------------
nbits : 4 nranges: 1 parent dba: 0x0140000a poffset: 0
unformatted: 0 total: 16 first useful block: 4
owning instance : 1
instance ownership changed at 12/16/2013 21:03:15
Last successful Search 12/16/2013 21:03:15
Freeness Status: nf1 0 nf2 0 nf3 0 nf4 0
Extent Map Block Offset: 4294967295
First free datablock : 16
Bitmap block lock opcode 0
Locker xid: : 0x0000.000.00000000
Dealloc scn: 925704.0
Flag: 0x00000000 (-/-/-/-/-/-)
Inc #: 0 Objd: 87521
--------------------------------------------------------
DBA Ranges :
--------------------------------------------------------
0x01400008 Length: 16 Offset: 0
0:Metadata 1:Metadata 2:Metadata 3:Metadata
4:FULL 5:FULL 6:FULL 7:FULL
8:FULL 9:FULL 10:FULL 11:FULL
12:FULL 13:FULL 14:FULL 15:FULL
--------------------------------------------------------
End dump data blocks tsn: 6 file#: 5 minblk 8 maxblk 8
可以看出该块管理16个块前四个包含了元数据信息，除了第一个extent的第8个块之外，其他extent的第一个block都有两个块包含元数据。且该父指针指向了第10个块第二位图块。
总结一下：
每个extent除了第一个exten之外其他的每个extent的第一个块和第二个块都属于第一位图块，父指针都指向第二位图块（10block），且每个extent的第一个块和第二个块都作为第一位图块管理其他剩余的块。对于第一个extent来说，第一位图块为8到9，第二位图块为10，如果第二位图块不能满足需求则到第三位图块也就是11块。
简要图片如下：
在来看一下表空间管理方式的lmt。
SQL> conn sys/root as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> set linesize 200
SQL> col name for a30
SQL> col value for a70
SQL> alter system dump datafile 5 block 3;
System altered.
SQL> select * from v$diag_info;
INST_ID NAME VALUE
---------- ------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------
1 Diag Enabled TRUE
1 ADR Base /opt/app/oracle
1 ADR Home /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS
1 Diag Trace /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/trace
1 Diag Alert /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/alert
1 Diag Incident /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/incident
1 Diag Cdump /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/cdump
1 Health Monitor /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/hm
1 Default Trace File /opt/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/rhys/RHYS/trace/RHYS_ora_4079.trc
1 Active Problem Count 0
1 Active Incident Count 0
11 rows selected.
SQL>
Block dump from disk:
buffer tsn: 6 rdba: 0x01400003 (5/3)
scn: 0x0000.00160e8c seq: 0x01 flg: 0x04 tail: 0x0e8c1e01
frmt: 0x02 chkval: 0xb146 type: 0x1e=KTFB Bitmapped File Space Bitmap
Hex dump of block: st=0, typ_found=1
Dump of memory from 0x00007F0928BD0A00 to 0x00007F0928BD2A00
7F0928BD0A00 0000A21E 01400003 00160E8C 04010000 [......@.........]
7F0928BD0A10 0000B146 00000005 00000008 00000000 [F...............]
7F0928BD0A20 00000011 0000F7EF 00000000 00000000 [................]
7F0928BD0A30 00000000 00000000 0001FFFF 00000000 [................]
7F0928BD0A40 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 [................]
Repeat 506 times
7F0928BD29F0 00000000 00000000 00000000 0E8C1E01 [................]
File Space Bitmap Block:
BitMap Control:
RelFno: 5, BeginBlock: 8, Flag: 0, First: 17, Free: 63471
FFFF010000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000
对于oracle 每组数据信息，组和组直接从左往右读，组内从右边往左读。那么FFFF010000000000转换为2进制为111111111111111100000001，在此准换为：10000000 11111111 11111111，1代表extent为used，0代表为free，可以看到正好是17个extent。和如下查询一直。
SQL> select owner,segment_name,segment_type,file_id,extent_id,block_id,BLOCKS from dba_extents where segment_name='T';
OWNER SEGMENT_NAME SEGMENT_TYPE FILE_ID EXTENT_ID BLOCK_ID BLOCKS
------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
AMY T TABLE 5 0 8 20
AMY T TABLE 5 1 28 20
AMY T TABLE 5 2 48 20
AMY T TABLE 5 3 68 20
AMY T TABLE 5 4 88 20
AMY T TABLE 5 5 108 20
AMY T TABLE 5 6 128 20
AMY T TABLE 5 7 148 20
AMY T TABLE 5 8 168 20
AMY T TABLE 5 9 188 20
AMY T TABLE 5 10 208 20
OWNER SEGMENT_NAME SEGMENT_TYPE FILE_ID EXTENT_ID BLOCK_ID BLOCKS
------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
AMY T TABLE 5 11 228 20
AMY T TABLE 5 12 248 20
AMY T TABLE 5 13 268 20
AMY T TABLE 5 14 288 20
AMY T TABLE 5 15 308 20
AMY T TABLE 5 16 328 20
17 rows selected.
这就是lmt管理方式。
总结一下： 对于表空间分配是以extent为最小单位，使用3-7位图块进行管理，对于表空间最小i/0单位是block，采用assm位图管理方式。
that's all