一、Zookeeper简介
1、zookeeper简介
动物管理员
Apache ZooKeeper致力于开发和维护开源服务器,实现高度可靠的分布式协调。
2、什么是ZooKeeper?
ZooKeeper是一种集中式服务,用于维护配置信息,命名,提供分布式同步和提供组服务。所有这
些类型的服务都以分布式应用程序的某种形式使用。每次实施它们都需要做很多工作来修复不可避
免的错误和竞争条件。由于难以实现这些类型的服务,应用程序最初通常会吝啬它们,这使得它们
在变化的情况下变得脆弱并且难以管理。即使正确完成,这些服务的不同实现也会在部署应用程序
时导致管理复杂性。
3、zookeeper功能
(1)存储数据
(2)监听
4、zookeeper工作机制
基于观察者模式设计的分布式服务管理框架
5、zookeeper的存储结构
目录树结构
6、zookeeper应用场景
(1)集群统一配置管理
(2)集群统一命名服务
(3)集群统一管理
(4)服务器的动态上下线感知
(5)负载均衡
7、安装zookeeper单机版
(1)下载安装包 zookeeper-3.4.10.tar.gz
(2)上传安装包到Linux
alt+p(SecureCRT中)
(3)解压
tar -zxvf zookeeper-3.4.10.tar.gz
(4)修改配置文件
进入zookeeper安装目录下的conf文件夹下
mv zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg
vi zoo.cfg
dataDir=/root/hd/zookeeper-3.4.10/zkData
(5)启动zk
bin/zkServer.sh start
(6)查看状态
bin/zkServer.sh status
(7)启动客户端
bin/zkCli.sh
8、完全分布式安装
(1)下载安装包 zookeeper-3.4.10.tar.gz
(2)上传安装包到Linux
alt+p(SecureCRT中)
(3)解压
tar -zxvf zookeeper-3.4.10.tar.gz
(4)修改配置文件
进入zookeeper安装目录下的conf文件夹下
mv zoo_sample.cfg zoo.cfg
vi zoo.cfg
dataDir=/root/hd/zookeeper-3.4.10/zkData
###############cluster###############
server.1=hd09-1:2888:3888
server.2=hd09-2:2888:3888
server.3=hd09-3:2888:3888
其中server.后面的数字1、2、3分别是机器hd09-1、hd09-2、hd09-3中zookeeper-3.4.10/zkData/myid文件中的值
(5)添加文件myid
$cd zookeeper-3.4.10/zkData
$touch myid
(6)添加内容在myid为1
$ vi myid
1
(7)发送zookeeper文件到其它机器
$ scp -r zookeeper-3.4.10 hd09-2:$PWD
$ scp -r zookeeper-3.4.10 hd09-3:$PWD
(8)修改myid依次为2 3
(9)修改环境变量
vi /etc/profile
export ZOOKEEPER_HOME=/root/hd/zookeeper3.4.10
export PATH=$PATH:$ZOOKEEPER_HOME/bin
(10)生效环境变量
source /etc/profile
(11)启动zookeeper
zkServer.sh start
(12)查看状态
zkServer.sh status
(13)关闭zookeeper
zkServer.sh stop 9、客户端的命令行操作
(1)启动客户端
zkCli.sh
(2)查看帮助
help
(3)查看当前znode所包含的内容
ls /
(4)创建节点
create /hello 18
(5)创建短暂znode
create -e /haha tom
(6)创建带序号znode
create -s /bigdata tom
(7)创建短暂带序号
create -e -s /bigdata tom
(8)查看此节点的详细信息
ls2 /
(9)获得节点值监听
get /hello watch
(10)监听路径
ls / watch
(11)修改znode数据
set /hello iiiii
(12)删除节点
delete /hello
(13)递归删除
rmr /delireba
(14)查看节点状态信息
stat /
二、Zookeeper工作机制
1、Zookeeper工作机制
2、Zookeeper目录结构
3、Zookeeper选举机制
三、Zookeeper简单客户端API
package com.css.zk; import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List; import org.apache.zookeeper.CreateMode;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs.Ids;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper;
import org.apache.zookeeper.data.Stat;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test; public class ZkClient { private String connectString = "192.168.146.132:2181,192.168.146.133:2181,192.168.146.134:2181";
private int sessionTimeout = 3000;
ZooKeeper zkCli = null; // 初始化客户端
@Before
public void init() throws IOException {
zkCli = new ZooKeeper(connectString, sessionTimeout, new Watcher() {
// 回调监听
@Override
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
// System.out.println(event.getPath() + "\t" + event.getState() + "\t" + event.getType());
try {
List<String> children = zkCli.getChildren("/", true);
for (String c : children) {
// System.out.println(c);
}
} catch (KeeperException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
} // 创建子节点
@Test
public void createZnode() throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
String path = zkCli.create("/hello", "world".getBytes(), Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT);
System.out.println(path);
} // 获取子节点
@Test
public void getChild() throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
List<String> children = zkCli.getChildren("/", true);
for (String c : children) {
System.out.println(c);
}
Thread.sleep(Long.MAX_VALUE);
} // 删除节点
@Test
public void rmChildData() throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
// byte[] data = zkCli.getData("/bbq", true, null);
// System.out.println(new String(data));
zkCli.delete("/hello", -1);
} // 修改数据
@Test
public void setData() throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
zkCli.setData("/hello", "17".getBytes(), -1);
} // 判断节点是否存在
@Test
public void testExist() throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
Stat exists = zkCli.exists("/hello", false);
System.out.println(exists == null ? "not exists" : "exists");
}
}
四、Zoopeeper监听API
1、监听单节点内容
package com.css.zk; import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper; // 监听单节点内容
public class WatchDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, KeeperException, InterruptedException {
ZooKeeper zkCli = new ZooKeeper("192.168.146.132:2181,192.168.146.133:2181,192.168.146.134:2181", 3000,
new Watcher() {
// 监听回调
@Override
public void process(WatchedEvent event) { }
}); byte[] data = zkCli.getData("/hello", new Watcher() {
// 监听的具体内容
@Override
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
System.out.println("监听路径为:" + event.getPath());
System.out.println("监听的类型为:" + event.getType());
System.out.println("监听被修改了!!!");
}
}, null); System.out.println(new String(data));
Thread.sleep(Long.MAX_VALUE);
}
}
2、监听目录
package com.css.zk; import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List; import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper; // 监听目录
public class WatchDemo1 { static List<String> children = null; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, KeeperException, InterruptedException {
ZooKeeper zkCli = new ZooKeeper("192.168.146.132:2181,192.168.146.133:2181,192.168.146.134:2181", 3000,
new Watcher() {
// 监听回调
@Override
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
System.out.println("正在监听中......");
}
}); // 监听目录
children = zkCli.getChildren("/", new Watcher() {
@Override
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
System.out.println("监听路径为:" + event.getPath());
System.out.println("监听的类型为:" + event.getType());
System.out.println("监听被修改了!!!");
for (String c : children) {
System.out.println(c);
}
}
});
Thread.sleep(Long.MAX_VALUE);
}
}
五、Zookeeper动态上下线感知系统
需求
某分布式系统当中,主节点有多台,可以进行动态上下线,当有任何一台机器发生了动态的上下线 任何一台客户端都能感知到。
思路
(1)创建客户端与服务端
(2)启动client端 监听
(3)启动server端 注册
(4)当server端 发生上下线
(5)client端都能感知到
1、服务端
package com.css.serverclient; import java.io.IOException; import org.apache.zookeeper.CreateMode;
import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooDefs.Ids;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper; public class ZkServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, KeeperException, InterruptedException {
// 1.连接zkServer
ZkServer zkServer = new ZkServer();
zkServer.getConnect(); // 2.注册节点信息 服务器ip添加到zk中
zkServer.regist(args[0]); // 3.业务逻辑处理
zkServer.build(args[0]);
} private String connectString = "192.168.146.132:2181,192.168.146.133:2181,192.168.146.134:2181";
private int sessionTimeout = 3000;
ZooKeeper zkCli = null;
// 定义父节点
private String parentNode = "/servers"; // 1.连接zkServer
public void getConnect() throws IOException {
zkCli = new ZooKeeper(connectString, sessionTimeout, new Watcher() { @Override
public void process(WatchedEvent event) { }
});
} // 2.注册信息
public void regist(String hostname) throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
String node = zkCli.create(parentNode + "/server", hostname.getBytes(), Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,
CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL);
System.out.println(node);
} // 3.构造服务器
public void build(String hostname) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println(hostname + ":服务器上线了!");
Thread.sleep(Long.MAX_VALUE);
}
}
2、客户端
package com.css.serverclient; import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List; import org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException;
import org.apache.zookeeper.WatchedEvent;
import org.apache.zookeeper.Watcher;
import org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper; // 客户端
public class ZkClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException, KeeperException {
// 1.获取连接
ZkClient zkClient = new ZkClient();
zkClient.getConnect(); // 2.监听服务的节点信息
zkClient.getServers(); // 3.业务逻辑(一直监听)
zkClient.getWatch();
} // 3.业务逻辑
public void getWatch() throws InterruptedException {
Thread.sleep(Long.MAX_VALUE);
} // 2.监听服务的节点信息
public void getServers() throws KeeperException, InterruptedException {
List<String> children = zkCli.getChildren("/servers", true);
ArrayList<String> serverList = new ArrayList<String>(); // 获取每个节点的数据
for (String c : children) {
byte[] data = zkCli.getData("/servers/" + c, true, null);
serverList.add(new String(data));
} // 打印服务器列表
System.out.println(serverList);
} private String connectString = "192.168.146.132:2181,192.168.146.133:2181,192.168.146.134:2181";
private int sessionTimeout = 3000;
ZooKeeper zkCli = null; // 1.连接集群
public void getConnect() throws IOException {
zkCli = new ZooKeeper(connectString, sessionTimeout, new Watcher() { @Override
public void process(WatchedEvent event) {
List<String> children = null;
try {
// 监听父节点
children = zkCli.getChildren("/servers", true); // 创建集合存储服务器列表
ArrayList<String> serverList = new ArrayList<String>(); // 获取每个节点的数据
for (String c : children) {
byte[] data = zkCli.getData("/servers/" + c, true, null);
serverList.add(new String(data));
} // 打印服务器列表
System.out.println(serverList);
} catch (KeeperException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
}
3、只启动客户端时,控制台输出为:
此时在集群的某一台机器执行以下命令:
此时客户端控制台输出:
4、同时启动客户端和服务端
服务端执行
此时服务端输出:
客户端输出:
这样就实现了简单的动态上下线感知。