(LNMP) Nginx_PHP_MariaDB

L用的是Centos7.5以上，主要是NMP三组件的安装记录。

通常会先安装一下依赖：

yum install -y pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel

使用yum或rpm方式安装MariaDB

# 保留缓存软件包
#sudo vim /etc/yum.conf

cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever

keepcache=1

# 防火墙先关为敬
 systemctl stop firewalld.service 
 systemctl disable firewalld.service 

#------------------最简单的 yum 安装,默认版本5.5.64 -------------------------
yum install mariadb mariadb-server
systemctl start mariadb
netstat -nltp   # 找3306

# vim /etc/my.cnf --[mysqld]下增加一行:

innodb_file_per_table=1

systemctl restart mariadb

mysql

use mysql;
  grant all PRIVILEGES on *.* to 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' with grant option;
  grant all PRIVILEGES on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' with grant option;
  FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

# 如果修改了 /etc/my.cnf 后，启动mysql 时出错： ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket 
# 则需要编辑 /etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf 文件，在[client]下添加：

port=3306

socket=/data/mariadb/mysql.sock


# 指向正确的 sock 和端口 

# ------------离线下载安装 rpm 的 5.5.64 版本---------------------------------

# https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb//mariadb-5.5.65/yum/centos74-amd64/rpms/

# https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/installing-mariadb-with-the-rpm-tool/
# 可能要下载以下rpm包

MariaDB-client-5.5.65-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

MariaDB-client-debuginfo-5.5.65-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

MariaDB-server-debuginfo-5.5.65-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

MariaDB-devel-5.5.65-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

MariaDB-server-5.5.65-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

MariaDB-shared-5.5.65-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

MariaDB-test-5.5.65-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

MariaDB-common-5.5.65-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

MariaDB-compat-5.5.65-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

libzstd-1.3.4-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

galera-25.3.26-1.rhel7.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

jemalloc-3.6.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

jemalloc-devel-3.6.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -Uvh --force --nodeps *.rpm

#./bin/mysqladmin -u root password ''

#./bin/mysqladmin -u root -h evxapp01 password ''

#Alternatively you can run:

#./bin/mysql_secure_installation

 ./bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql & 
# 后续设置同上.

# ------------- 使用官方推荐的 yum 方式安装 10.4.8 -----------------------------
# https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/yum/# 先得到仓库

curl -sS https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb_repo_setup | sudo bash
# 成功后, 编辑 /etc/yum.repos.d/mariadb.repo 更改一下 url 国内源. 比如清华,其它不改。如果网速够快，可以不改。

[mariadb-main]

name = MariaDB Server

baseurl = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/mariadb-10.4.8/yum/rhel/$releasever/$basearch

gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/MariaDB-Server-GPG-KEY

gpgcheck = 1

enabled = 1

[mariadb-maxscale]

# To use the latest stable release of MaxScale, use "latest" as the version

# To use the latest beta (or stable if no current beta) release of MaxScale, use "beta" as the version

name = MariaDB MaxScale

baseurl = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/MaxScale/2.4/centos/$releasever/$basearch

gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/MariaDB-MaxScale-GPG-KEY

gpgcheck = 1

enabled = 1

[mariadb-tools]

name = MariaDB Tools

baseurl = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/Tools/rhel/$releasever/$basearch

gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/MariaDB-Enterprise-GPG-KEY

gpgcheck = 1

enabled = 1

# 然后就可以直接 yum 安装 10.4.8 了。因为上面的文件里写的是 10.4.8 版本

yum install MariaDB-server galera-4 MariaDB-client MariaDB-shared MariaDB-backup MariaDB-common

# 配置文件同上.
# 启动 状态 停止 重启 开机启动
systemctl start mariadb
systemctl status mariadb
systemctl stop mariadb
systemctl restart mariadb
systemctl enable mariadb

二进制程序包 tar 安装 MariaDB 供参考：

() 准备用户

    groupadd -r -g  mysql

    useradd -r -g  -u  -m -d /data/mysqldb mysql

() 准备数据目录

    以/data/mysqldb为例，建议使用逻辑卷

    chown mysql:mysql /data/mysqldb

    chmod  /data/mysqldb

() 准备二进制程序

    tar xf mariadb-10.2.-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local  #/usr/local是程序包指定的目录，必须解压在这里

    cd /usr/local;ln -sv mariadb-10.2. mysql

    chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/

() 准备配置文件

    mkdir /etc/mysql/

    cp support-files/my-huge.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf

    #/usr/local/mysql/support-files下有很多my-*.cnf文件，分别对应不同的内存大小，可打开看看，选择对应自己机器的拷贝就行

    vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf

    [mysqld]中添加三个选项：

        datadir = /data/mysqldb

        innodb_file_per_table = on  # 可不加

        skip_name_resolve = on  # 禁止主机名解析，建议使用，不加也可

() 创建数据库文件

    cd /usr/local/mysql/

    ./scripts/mysql_install_db --datadir=/data/mysqldb --user=mysql

() 准备日志文件

    touch /var/log/mysqld.log

    chown mysql:mysql /var/log/mysqld.log

() 准备服务脚本，并启动服务

    cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld

    chkconfig --add mysqld

    service mysqld start

() 安全初始化

    /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation

() 添加环境变量

    echo PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

    . /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

mysql -uroot -p

-- use mysql;
-- grant all PRIVILEGES on *.* to 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' with grant option;
-- grant all PRIVILEGES on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456' with grant option;
-- FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

解决ibdata1体积太大问题

# 备份全部库

mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --all-databases --add-drop-table > /opt/all.sql

# vim /etc/my.cnf --[mysqld]下增加一行:

innodb_file_per_table=

# 重启服务

systemctl restart mariadb

mysql -uroot -p123456

show variables like '%per_table%';  -- 得到 ON 即开启成功

# 删除 ibdata1

cd /var/lib/mysql

rm -rf ib_logfile*

rm -rf ibdata1

# 重启服务

systemctl restart mariadb

# 导入数据

mysql -uroot -p123456 < /opt/all.sql

安装与配置nginx1.17.4

systemctl status firewalld.service

systemctl stop firewalld.service

systemctl disable firewalld.service

systemctl status firewalld.service

tar zxf nginx-1.17..tar.gz

cd nginx-1.17./

./configure --prefix=/opt/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-openssl=/usr/bin/openssl

make & make install

vim /etc/profile

PATH=/opt/nginx/sbin:$PATH

export PATH

. /etc/profile

useradd nginx

passwd nginx

cd /opt/

chown -R nginx:nginx nginx/

ln -s /opt/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/bin/nginx

cd /

# 修改conf/nginx.conf 文件,并启用PHP

user  nginx;

worker_processes  auto;

error_log  logs/error.log  info;

pid        logs/nginx.pid;

events {

    use epoll;

    worker_connections  16384;

}

http {

    include       mime.types;

    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" "$request_time"';

    sendfile        on;

    tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    types_hash_max_size 2048;

    server {

        listen       80;

        server_name  _;

        location / {

            root   html;

            index  index.html index.htm index.php;

        }

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;

        location = /50x.html {

            root   html;

        }

        location ~ \.php$ {

            root           html;

            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;

            fastcgi_index  index.php;

            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

            include        fastcgi_params;

        }

    }

}

su nginx

sudo nginx -t

# 启用PHP解析后，如果浏览器出现 File not found . 需要检查nginx.conf配置文件
# 可能需要将 $document_root 改成绝对路径。例如下面的配置就改成了/webapp/www

location ~* \.php$ {

            fastcgi_index   index.php;

            fastcgi_pass    127.0.0.1:9000;

            include         fastcgi_params;

            fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_FILENAME    /webapp/www$fastcgi_script_name;

            fastcgi_param   SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;

        }    

安装与配置PHP7.2.22

cd /opt

tar zxf php-7.2..tar.gz

cd php-7.2.

安装依赖

yum install -y autoconf gcc gcc-c++ libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel \
　　　　bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel \
　　　　freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel \
　　　　libxslt libxslt-devel

因为要安装 MediaWiki, 所以再安装依赖 APCu, icu, intl

# 下载 https://pecl.php.net/package/APCu

# 下载 https://github.com/unicode-org/icu 或者git 

# icu需要在php编译之前安装，成功后就可以在编译PHP时直接使用。

tar xf icu4c-52_1-src.tgz

cd icu/source

mkdir /usr/local/icu

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/icu

make && make install

# PHP编译时 --enable-intl --with-icu-dir=/usr/local/icu 
# 直接带上intl扩展。

# apcu 需要在php安装之后安装。安装完后需要重启 php-fpm

tar zxf apcu-5.1..tgz 
cd apcu-5.1. 
phpize # /usr/local/php/bin/phpize 
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config 
make && make install 
# /etc/php.ini中添加引用：
extension=apcu.so
apc.enabled=on
apc.shm_size=128M
apc.enable_cli=on

/etc/init.d/php-fpm restart

# 如果时编译时没有intl,事后安装，则如下执行：
cd /opt/php-7.2.22/ext/intl
make clean
phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --enable-intl --with-icu-dir=/usr/local/icu
make && make install

预编译: 注意红色的2项，需要在系统中添加对应的组和用户，用于启动php-fpm。 参数 with-config-file-path=/etc 则指定php.ini的位置

cd php-7.2.22 

./configure \

--prefix=/usr/local/php \

--with-config-file-path=/etc \

--enable-fpm \

--with-fpm-user=nginx \

--with-fpm-group=nginx \

--enable-inline-optimization \

--disable-debug \

--disable-rpath \

--enable-shared \

--enable-soap \

--with-libxml-dir \

--with-xmlrpc \

--with-openssl \

--with-mhash \

--with-pcre-regex \

--with-sqlite3 \

--with-zlib \

--enable-bcmath \

--with-iconv \

--with-bz2 \

--enable-calendar \

--with-curl \
--with-cdb \

--enable-dom \
--enable-exif \

--enable-fileinfo \

--enable-filter \

--with-pcre-dir \

--enable-ftp \

--with-gd \

--with-openssl-dir \

--with-jpeg-dir \

--with-png-dir \

--with-zlib-dir \

--with-freetype-dir \

--enable-gd-jis-conv \

--with-gettext \

--with-gmp \

--with-mhash \

--enable-json \

--enable-mbstring \

--enable-mbregex \

--enable-mbregex-backtrack \

--with-libmbfl \

--with-onig \

--enable-pdo \

--with-mysqli=mysqlnd \

--with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \

--with-zlib-dir \

--with-pdo-sqlite \

--with-readline \

--enable-session \

--enable-shmop \

--enable-simplexml \

--enable-sockets \

--enable-sysvmsg \

--enable-sysvsem \

--enable-sysvshm \

--enable-wddx \

--with-libxml-dir \

--with-xsl \

--enable-zip \

--enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \

--with-pear \

--enable-opcache \
--enable-intl \
--with-icu-dir=/usr/local/icu

编译如果出错：

configure: error: off_t undefined; check your library configuration

解决：加入icu/lib路径 vim /etc/ld.so.conf

/usr/local/lib64

/usr/local/lib

/usr/lib

/usr/lib64

/usr/local/icu/lib

# 保存退出,执行：

ldconfig -v

安装:

make && make install

添加用户和组，如果事先没有此用户的话：

groupadd nginx

useradd -g nginx

配置并启动 php-fpm

vi /etc/profile

PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/php/bin

export PATH

source /etc/profile

cd /opt/php7.2.22

cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini

cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm

chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm

/etc/init.d/php-fpm start

/etc/init.d/php-fpm restart
/etc/init.d/php-fpm stop

如果需要 opcache, 操作如下：

yum install -y php-pecl-zendopcache

# 修改配置文件 php.ini

zend_extension=opcache.so

[opcache]

opcache.enable=

# 然后重启php-fpm 和 nginx

/etc/init.d/php-fpm restart
nginx -s reload

# 最后用 phpinfo() 检查

选装 memcached

yum install memcached

vi /etc/sysconfig/memcached  # 调大一些内存用量

systemctl start memcached && systemctl enable memcached


# 安装 php 扩展

yum install libmemcached libmemcached-devel  # 依赖

wget https://pecl.php.net/get/memcached-3.1.3.tgz

tar zxf memcached-3.1..tgz

cd memcached-3.1.

/usr/local/php/bin/phpize     # php7.2的路径

./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config

make && make install          # 留意路径信息

ls /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-/

# 是否存在 memcached.so

find / -name php.ini

# 找到 php.ini 在扩展中增加一行：

extension=memcached.so

# 重启所有的php-fpm进程后，浏览器中查看 phpinfo

一个个安装嫌烦的话, 开发环境也可以使用xampp包

./xampp-linux-x64-7.2.--installer.run

cd /opt/lampp

./lampp security
# 依次设置安全选项.但是最后要手动启用mysql的远程连接

#在/opt/lampp/etc/my.cnf 中注释掉:

#skip-networking