public class TestRaceCondition implements Runnable{ public static int counter = 0; public static void main(String[] args) { List<Thread> threads = new ArrayList<>();
//產生threads,加入ArrayList
for( int i=0 ; i < 10 ; i++) {
TestRaceCondition runnable = new TestRaceCondition();
Thread t1 = new Thread(runnable,"T"+i);
threads.add(t1);
}
//一起發動所有的thread
for (Thread thread : threads) {
thread.start();
}
try {
//main thread 等待所有執行緒結束
for (Thread thread : threads) {
thread.join();
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//印出最後的值
System.out.println("finally counter = "+counter); } @Override
public void run() {
for ( int i= 0 ; i < 1000 ;i ++){
incrementCounter();
}
} public static void incrementCounter(){
counter = counter + 1;
} }
[原始程式架構]
設立10個執行序塞入List中,再同時執行程序,各自生成一個Runnable的物件,執行run(),再incrementCounter()
此處會有共搶的Race Condtion發生,避免此狀況,可使用synchronized管控程序
(%所有synchronized標的都需唯一)
1. static 方法 加上 synchronized
所有用到這個方法的都是受到管控的,鎖頭為類別自身(TestRaceCondition.class)
public static synchronized void incrementCounter(){
counter = counter + 1;
}
2.方法中設立專鎖物件控管執行方法
//設立專鎖物件
public final static Object locker = new Object(); @Override
public void run() {
for ( int i= 0 ; i < 1000 ;i ++){
synchronized (TestRaceCondition.locker)
incrementCounter();
}
}
3. 一般方法中加上 synchronized
所有用到這個方法的都是受到管控的,鎖頭為自身物件()
但此處每個Thread都各自生成物件執行程式,所以不具管控性,需調整程式為 => 生成一個執行物件,所有程序都使用同一物件
public static void main(String[] args) {
.
.
List<Thread> threads = new ArrayList<>();
TestRaceCondition runnable = new TestRaceCondition();
for( int i=0 ; i < 10 ; i++) {
Thread t1 = new Thread(runnable,"T"+i);
threads.add(t1);
.
. @Override
public synchronized void run() {
for ( int i= 0 ; i < 1000 ;i ++){
incrementCounter();
}
}