水波纹特效,想必大家或多或少见过,在我的印象中,大致有如下几种:

  • 支付宝 "咻咻咻" 式
  • 流量球 "荡漾" 式
  • 真实的水波纹效果,基于Bitmap处理式

今天我们主要讲一讲如何通过自定义View(以下简称WaveView)实现 "咻咻咻" 式的水波纹扩散效果,少废话,先看东西:

 
Android水波纹特效的简单实现-LMLPHP
填充式水波纹,间距相等
 
Android水波纹特效的简单实现-LMLPHP
非填充式水波纹,间距相等
 
Android水波纹特效的简单实现-LMLPHP
非填充式水波纹,间距不断变大
 
Android水波纹特效的简单实现-LMLPHP
填充式水波纹,间距不断变小

额,想必大家已经知道基本的原理了,就是用Canvas来画嘛,但可不是简单的画哦,请往下看。

分析


这种类型的水波纹,其实无非就是画圆而已,在给定的矩形中,一个个圆由最小半径扩大到最大半径,伴随着透明度从1.0变为0.0。我们假定这种扩散是匀速的,则一个圆从创建(透明度为1.0)到消失(透明度为0.0)的时长就是定值,那么某一时刻某一个圆的半径以及透明度完全可以由扩散时间(当前时间 - 创建时间)决定。

实现


按照上面的分析,我们写出以下Circle类来表示一个圆:

private class Circle {
private long mCreateTime; public Circle() {
this.mCreateTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
} public int getAlpha() {
float percent = (System.currentTimeMillis() - mCreateTime) * 1.0f / mDuration;
return (int) ((1.0f - percent) * 255);
} public float getCurrentRadius() {
float percent = (System.currentTimeMillis() - mCreateTime) * 1.0f / mDuration;
return mInitialRadius + percent * (mMaxRadius - mInitialRadius);
}
}

自然而然,在WaveView中,要有一个List来保存当前正在显示的圆:

private List<Circle> mCircleList = new ArrayList<Circle>();

我们定义一个start方法,用来启动扩散:

public void start() {
if (!mIsRunning) {
mIsRunning = true;
mCreateCircle.run();
}
} private Runnable mCreateCircle = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
if (mIsRunning) {
newCircle();
postDelayed(mCreateCircle, mSpeed); // 每隔mSpeed毫秒创建一个圆
}
}
}; private void newCircle() {
long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
if (currentTime - mLastCreateTime < mSpeed) {
return;
}
Circle circle = new Circle();
mCircleList.add(circle);
invalidate();
mLastCreateTime = currentTime;
}

start方法只是简单的创建了一个圆并添加到了mCircleList中,同时开启了循环创建圆的Runnable,然后通知界面刷新,我们再看看onDraw方法:

protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
Iterator<Circle> iterator = mCircleList.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Circle circle = iterator.next();
if (System.currentTimeMillis() - circle.mCreateTime < mDuration) {
mPaint.setAlpha(circle.getAlpha());
canvas.drawCircle(getWidth() / 2, getHeight() / 2, circle.getCurrentRadius(), mPaint);
} else {
iterator.remove();
}
}
if (mCircleList.size() > 0) {
postInvalidateDelayed(10);
}
}

onDraw方法遍历了每一个Circle,判断Circle的扩散时间是否超过了设定的扩散时间,如果是则移除,如果不是,则计算Circle当前的透明度和半径并绘制出来。我们添加了一个延时刷新来不断重绘界面,以达到连续的波纹扩散效果。

现在运行程序,应该能看到图2中的效果了,不过有点别扭,按常识,水波的间距是越来越大的,如何做到呢?

技巧


要让水波纹的半径非匀速变大,我们只能去修改Circle.getCurrentRadius()方法了。我们再次看看这个方法:

public float getCurrentRadius() {
float percent = (System.currentTimeMillis() - mCreateTime) * 1.0f / mDuration;
return mInitialRadius + percent * (mMaxRadius - mInitialRadius);
}

percent表示Circle当前扩散时间和总扩散时间的一个百分比,考虑到当前扩散时间超过总扩散时间时Circle会被移除,因此percent的实际区间为[0, 1],看到[0, 1],我不知道大家想到的是什么,我首先想到的就是差值器(Interpolator),我们可以通过定义差值器来实现对Circle半径变化的控制!

我们修改代码:

private Interpolator mInterpolator = new LinearInterpolator();

public void setInterpolator(Interpolator interpolator) {
mInterpolator = interpolator;
if (mInterpolator == null) {
mInterpolator = new LinearInterpolator();
}
} private class Circle {
private long mCreateTime; public Circle() {
this.mCreateTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
} public int getAlpha() {
float percent = (System.currentTimeMillis() - mCreateTime) * 1.0f / mDuration;
return (int) ((1.0f - mInterpolator.getInterpolation(percent)) * 255);
} public float getCurrentRadius() {
float percent = (System.currentTimeMillis() - mCreateTime) * 1.0f / mDuration;
return mInitialRadius + mInterpolator.getInterpolation(percent) * (mMaxRadius - mInitialRadius);
}
}

这样,外部使用WaveView时,只需调用setInterpolator()来定义不同的插值器即可实现不同的效果。

图3效果的代码:

mWaveView = (WaveView) findViewById(R.id.wave_view);
mWaveView.setDuration(5000);
mWaveView.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);
mWaveView.setSpeed(400);
mWaveView.setColor(Color.parseColor("#ff0000"));
mWaveView.setInterpolator(new AccelerateInterpolator(1.2f));
mWaveView.start();

图4效果的代码:

mWaveView = (WaveView) findViewById(R.id.wave_view);
mWaveView.setDuration(5000);
mWaveView.setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
mWaveView.setColor(Color.parseColor("#ff0000"));
mWaveView.setInterpolator(new LinearOutSlowInInterpolator());
mWaveView.start();

附上WaveView的所有代码:

/**
* 水波纹特效
* Created by hackware on 2016/6/17.
*/
public class WaveView extends View {
private float mInitialRadius; // 初始波纹半径
private float mMaxRadiusRate = 0.85f; // 如果没有设置mMaxRadius,可mMaxRadius = 最小长度 * mMaxRadiusRate;
private float mMaxRadius; // 最大波纹半径
private long mDuration = 2000; // 一个波纹从创建到消失的持续时间
private int mSpeed = 500; // 波纹的创建速度,每500ms创建一个
private Interpolator mInterpolator = new LinearInterpolator(); private List<Circle> mCircleList = new ArrayList<Circle>();
private boolean mIsRunning; private boolean mMaxRadiusSet; private Paint mPaint;
private long mLastCreateTime; private Runnable mCreateCircle = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
if (mIsRunning) {
newCircle();
postDelayed(mCreateCircle, mSpeed);
}
}
}; public WaveView(Context context) {
this(context, null);
} public WaveView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
mPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
setStyle(Paint.Style.FILL);
} public void setStyle(Paint.Style style) {
mPaint.setStyle(style);
} @Override
protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {
if (!mMaxRadiusSet) {
mMaxRadius = Math.min(w, h) * mMaxRadiusRate / 2.0f;
}
} public void setMaxRadiusRate(float maxRadiusRate) {
this.mMaxRadiusRate = maxRadiusRate;
} public void setColor(int color) {
mPaint.setColor(color);
} /**
* 开始
*/
public void start() {
if (!mIsRunning) {
mIsRunning = true;
mCreateCircle.run();
}
} /**
* 停止
*/
public void stop() {
mIsRunning = false;
} protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
Iterator<Circle> iterator = mCircleList.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Circle circle = iterator.next();
if (System.currentTimeMillis() - circle.mCreateTime < mDuration) {
mPaint.setAlpha(circle.getAlpha());
canvas.drawCircle(getWidth() / 2, getHeight() / 2, circle.getCurrentRadius(), mPaint);
} else {
iterator.remove();
}
}
if (mCircleList.size() > 0) {
postInvalidateDelayed(10);
}
} public void setInitialRadius(float radius) {
mInitialRadius = radius;
} public void setDuration(long duration) {
this.mDuration = duration;
} public void setMaxRadius(float maxRadius) {
this.mMaxRadius = maxRadius;
mMaxRadiusSet = true;
} public void setSpeed(int speed) {
mSpeed = speed;
} private void newCircle() {
long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
if (currentTime - mLastCreateTime < mSpeed) {
return;
}
Circle circle = new Circle();
mCircleList.add(circle);
invalidate();
mLastCreateTime = currentTime;
} private class Circle {
private long mCreateTime; public Circle() {
this.mCreateTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
} public int getAlpha() {
float percent = (System.currentTimeMillis() - mCreateTime) * 1.0f / mDuration;
return (int) ((1.0f - mInterpolator.getInterpolation(percent)) * 255);
} public float getCurrentRadius() {
float percent = (System.currentTimeMillis() - mCreateTime) * 1.0f / mDuration;
return mInitialRadius + mInterpolator.getInterpolation(percent) * (mMaxRadius - mInitialRadius);
}
} public void setInterpolator(Interpolator interpolator) {
mInterpolator = interpolator;
if (mInterpolator == null) {
mInterpolator = new LinearInterpolator();
}
}
}

完整 demo 请访问我的 GitHub

总结


想必大家看完这篇文章会觉得原来插值器还可以这么用。其实,有些时候我们使用系统提供的API,往往过于局限其中,有时候换个思路,说不定会得到奇妙的效果。周末愉快~~~。

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05-11 08:21