需要实现的功能是：
三级菜单
1.从文本内读出选项
2.查询每一级的选项，并能对选项进行增/删/改功能
3.每一级可以退出程序或者返回上一层
2018-5-14 更新内容
思路
实现过程中的BUG及解决方案：
1. windowsError [Error 32]
说明：进程无法访问文件，因为另一个程序正在使用此文件。
解决：在对文件进行操作之前 进行关闭文件操作
代码实现：
FileRead.close()
FileWrite.close()
os.remove('city.txt')
os.renames('city_backup.txt','city.txt')2 .ValueError: I/O operation on closed file
说明：操作的文件已经关闭
解决：在对文件进行读取内容或者写入内容之前打开文件
代码实现：
os.remove('city.txt')
os.renames('city_backup.txt','city.txt')
FileRead = io.open('city.txt', 'r', encoding='utf8')
FileWrite = open('city_backup.txt', 'w+')3.TypeError: expected a string or other character buffer object
说明：数据类型与预定的数据类型不一致
解决：使用eval函数讲读取到的字符串转为字典，写入文件的时候用str函数将字典转为字符串
代码实现：
menu = eval(FileRead.read()) menucopy = str(menu) FileWrite.write(menucopy)
项目代码
#coding=utf-8
#__author:Administrator
#__time:2018/5/14 17:34
#__file_name:22222
import io
import os
Operation =['a','b','c','d','q','A','B','C','D','Q']
FileRead = io.open('city.txt', 'r', encoding='utf8')
FileWrite = open('city_backup.txt', 'w+')
menu = eval(FileRead.read())
def Judge(Province,municipality): #对菜单层级进行判断，返回该级菜单字典
if (Province == 0)and(municipality == 0): return menu
elif (Province != 0)and(municipality == 0): return menu[Province]
else : return menu[Province][municipality]
def OperationJudge(Province,city,choice): #对输入操作，决定下一步动作
if choice == 'b' and Province !=0 and city !=0 : shi(Province)
elif choice == 'b' and Province !=0 :shen()
elif choice == 'q': exit()
elif choice == 'd':FileDel(Province,city)
elif choice == 'c':FileChance(Province,city)
elif choice == 'a':FileAppend(Province,city)
def FileAppend(Province,municipality): #增加项目模块
MenuAppend = Judge(Province,municipality)
CityAppend = raw_input("请输入添加的城市\n",)
MenuAppend[CityAppend]={}
ExChange(Province,municipality)
def FileDel(Province,municipality): #删除项目模块
MenuDel = Judge(Province,municipality)
CityDel = raw_input("请输入你要删除的城市\n",)
MenuDel.pop(CityDel)
ExChange(Province,municipality)
def FileChance(Province,municipality): #改变项目模块
MenuChance = Judge(Province,municipality)
CityChance = raw_input("请输入被替换的城市\n",)
if CityChance in MenuChance : CityChanced = raw_input("请输入替换的城市\n",)
MenuChance[CityChanced] = MenuChance[CityChance]
MenuChance.pop(CityChance)
ExChange(Province,municipality)
def ExChange(Province,municipality): #对改变的项目写入文件当中进行保存
global FileRead,FileWrite
menucopy =str(menu)
FileWrite.write(menucopy)
FileRead.close()
FileWrite.close()
os.remove('city.txt')
os.renames('city_backup.txt','city.txt')
FileRead = io.open('city.txt', 'r', encoding='utf8')
FileWrite = open('city_backup.txt', 'w+')
if (Province == 0)and(municipality == 0): shen()
elif (Province != 0)and(municipality == 0): shi(Province)
else : xian(Province,municipality)
def shen(): #第一级菜单查找
for i in menu:print (i)
Province = raw_input('请输入你选择的省份\n',)
if Province in Operation : OperationJudge(0,0,Province)
elif (Province in menu) and menu[Province]!= {}: shi(Province)
elif Province not in menu :
print '请输入正确的省份\n'
shen()
elif menu[Province] == {} :
print "该省下面没有市，请添加\n"
FileAppend(Province,0)
elif Province == '':
print '请输入正确的省份\n'
shen()
def shi(Province): #第二级菜单查找
for i in menu[Province]: print (i)
city = raw_input('请输入你选择的市或退出程序(Q)或返回上一级菜单(B)\n')
if city in Operation : OperationJudge(Province,0,city)
elif (city in menu[Province])and (menu[Province][city]!={}):xian(Province,city)
elif city not in menu[Province] :
print '请输入正确的市\n'
shi(Province)
elif menu[Province][city] == {} :
print "该市下面没有县或区，请添加\n"
FileAppend(Province,city)
elif city == '':
'请输入正确的市\n'
shi(Province)
def xian(Province,city): #第三级菜单查找
for i in menu[Province][city]: print (i)
city2 = raw_input('请选择退出(Q)或返回(B)\n')
if city2 in Operation : OperationJudge(Province,city,city2)
else:
print '请输入正确的区或县\n'
xian(Province,city)
shen()2018-5-13
思路
三个操作模块，分别是 增/删/改 功能
三个查询模块，分别对每一级别进行查询
报错信息：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "E:/python/day8/three menu.py", line 79, in <module>
shen()
File "E:/python/day8/three menu.py", line 37, in shen
elif city == 'a':FileAppend(menu)
File "E:/python/day8/three menu.py", line 17, in FileAppend
ExChange()
File "E:/python/day8/three menu.py", line 47, in ExChange
FileWrite.write(menu)
TypeError: expected a string or other character buffer object
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
#__filename:three menu
#__time:2018/5/13 22:04
import io
import os
FileRead = io.open('city','r',encoding='utf8')
FileWrite= open('city_backup','w+')
menu = eval(FileRead.read())
def FileAppend(MenuAppend):
CityAppend = raw_input("请输入添加的城市",)
MenuAppend['CityAppend']={}
ExChange()
def FileDel(MenuDel):
CityDel = raw_input("请输入你要删除的城市",)
MenuDel.pop('CityDel')
ExChange()
def FileChance(MenuChance):
CityChance = raw_input("请输入被替换的城市",)
if CityChance in MenuChance : CityChanced = raw_input("请输入替换的城市",)
MenuChance['CityChanced'] = MenuChance['CityChance']
MenuChance.pop('CityChance')
ExChange()
def shen():
for i in menu:print (i)
city = raw_input('请输入你选择的省份',)
if city == 'q': exit()
elif city == 'd':FileDel(menu)
elif city == 'c':FileChance(menu)
elif city == 'a':FileAppend(menu)
elif (city in menu) and (menu[city]!=0): shi(city)
elif menu[city]==0 :
print "该省下面没有市，请添加"
FileAppend(menu[city])
else:
print '请输入正确的省份'
shen()
def ExChange():
FileWrite.write(menu)
FileRead.close()
FileWrite.close()
os.remove('FileRead')
os.renames('FileWrite','FileRead')
def shi(city):
for i in menu[city]: print (i)
city1 = raw_input('请输入你选择的市或退出程序(Q)或返回上一级菜单(B)').strip()
if city1 == 'b':shen()
elif city1 == 'q':exit()
elif city1 == 'd':FileDel(menu[city])
elif city1 == 'c':FileChance(menu[city])
elif city1 == 'a':FileAppend(menu[city])
elif (city1 in menu[city])and (menu[city][city1]!=0):xian(city,city1)
elif menu[city][city1]==0 : FileAppend( menu[city][city1])
else:
'请输入正确的市'
shi(city)
def xian(city,city1):
for i in menu[city][city1]: print (i)
city2 = raw_input('请选择退出(Q)或返回(B) ')
if city2 == 'b': shi(city)
elif city2 == 'q': exit()
elif city2 == 'd':FileDel(menu[city][city1])
elif city2 == 'c':FileChance(menu[city][city1])
elif city2 == 'a':FileAppend(menu[city][city1])
else:
'请输入正确的区或县'
xian(city, city1)
shen()