1. 什么是hql
HQL是Hibernate Query Language的缩写
比如这样一段代码!
package com.chenkang.one.test;
import java.util.List;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
/**
* hibernate 中查询案例
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class QueryDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 对hibernate.cfg.xml进行建模拿到sessionfactory工厂(两步)
Configuration configure = new Configuration().configure("/hibernate.cfg.xml");
SessionFactory sessionFactory = configure.buildSessionFactory();
// 通过工厂获取到session对话(操作数据库)
Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
// 直接操作数据库
List list = session.createQuery("from User").list();
for (Object object : list) {
System.out.println(object);
}
// 关闭资源
session.close();
}
}
里面操作数据库就是用的 HQL语句
2. hql和sql区别/异同
HQL SQL
类名/属性 表名/列名
区分大小写,关键字不区分大小写 不区分大小写
别名 别名
?,从下标0开始计算位置(hibernate5之后不支持) ?, 从顺序1开始计算位置
:命名参数 不支持:命名参数
面向对象的查询语言 面向结构查询语言
那么问题来了如果我们想查询单个或者想用分页该怎么写代码…
3.Hql语句的特性
package com.chenkang.five.test;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.chenkang.four.entity.Book;
import com.chenkang.two.util.SessionFactoryUtils;
public class HqlTest {
private Session session;
private Transaction transaction;
@Before
public void before() {
session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
transaction = session.beginTransaction();
}
@After
public void after() {
transaction.commit();
session.close();
}
/**
* 返回对象(多个)
*/
@Test
public void testList1() {
Query query = session.createQuery("from Book");
List<Book> list = query.list();
for (Book b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
/**
* 返回单个列段,用字符串就可以接受
*/
@Test
public void testList2() {
Query query = session.createQuery("select b.bookName as ss from Book b");
List<String> list = query.list();
for (String b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
/**
* 查两个列段及以上,默认返回的是Object【】
*/
@Test
public void testList3() {
Query query = session.createQuery("select b.bookId,b.bookName as ss from Book b");
List<Object[]> list = query.list();
for (Object[] b : list) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
}
}
/**
* 注意map是函数,所以不区分大小写,返回的是map集合
*/
@Test
public void testList4() {
Query query = session.createQuery("select new mAp(b.bookId,b.bookName) from Book b");
List<Map> list = query.list();
for (Map b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
/**
* 查两个列段及以上,也可返回对象,前提是有对应的构造函数
*/
@Test
public void testList5() {
Query query = session.createQuery("select new Book(b.bookId,b.bookName) from Book b");
List<Book> list = query.list();
for (Book b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
我们在实际开发中都是用的返回多个对象的!!
4. hql中使用占位符
/**
* HQL语句支持占位符
*/
@Test
public void testList6() {
// Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId = :bookId");
// query.setParameter("bookId", 1);
// Book b = (Book) query.getSingleResult();
// System.out.println(b);
Query query = session.createQuery("from Book where bookId in (:bookIds)");
query.setParameterList("bookIds", new Integer[] {1,2,4});
// List<Integer> params = new ArrayList<Integer>();
// params.add(1);
// params.add(2);
// params.add(4);
// query.setParameterList("bookIds", params);
List<Book> list = query.list();
for (Book b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
5.连接查询
/**
* HQL支持连接查询
*/
@Test
public void testList7() {
Query query = session.createQuery("select o.orderNo,oi.quantity from Order o,OrderItem oi where o = oi.order");
List<Object[]> list = query.list();
for (Object[] b : list) {
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(b));
}
}
6. 聚合函数
聚合函数有 sum, avg, max, min, count
/**
* HQL支持聚合函数
*/
@Test
public void testList8() {
Query query = session.createQuery("select count(*) from Book");
Long singleResult = (Long) query.getSingleResult();
System.out.println(singleResult);
}
7. hql分页
int page = 2;// 页码:page
int row = 10;// 每页行数:rows
query.setFirstResult((page - 1) * row);// 设置起始记录下标
query.setMaxResults(row);// 设置返回的最大结果集
/**
* HQL分页
*/
@Test
public void testList9() {
Query query = session.createQuery("from Book");
query.setFirstResult(2);
query.setMaxResults(3);
List<Book> list = query.list();
for (Book b : list) {
System.out.println(b);
}
}
8.接下来我们来写能够用到模糊查询和分页的通用查询方法BaseDao:
我们先用原生态的BaseDao来写我们通用的查询方法
public List<Book> list1(Book book,PageBean pageBean) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
// 下面代码处理是book实体类条件查询
String bookName = book.getBookName();
// sql语句where后面可以直接写true,而hql语句不能写true
String hql= "from Book where 1=1";
if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bookName)) {
hql +=" and bookName like :bookName";
}
Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bookName)) {
query.setParameter("bookName", bookName);
}
// 处理的是分页
if(pageBean !=null && pageBean.isPagination()) {
query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());
query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());
}
List list = query.list();
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return list;
}
然后运行代码:
public void testList1() {
Book book = new Book();
// book.setBookName("%圣墟%");
PageBean pageBean = new PageBean();
pageBean.setPage(2);
List<Book> list1 = this.bookDao.list1(book, pageBean);
for (Book b : list1) {
System.out.println(b);
运行结果:
首先是模糊查询然后就是分页
接下来我们要自己手写BaseDao的方法来减少代码的开发周期
BaseDao:
package com.chenkang.five.util;import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.mapping.Collection;
import org.hibernate.query.Query;
/**
* hibernate的通用查询Dao层
* 思想完全借鉴于sql的BaseDao
* sql = select * from t_mvc_book where bname like '%圣墟%'
* countSql = select count(1) from (sql) t;
* pageSql = sql limit start,offset
*
* hql:
* hql = select * from Book where bookName like :bookName
* hql = from Book where bookName like :bookName
* 思想,将原生的hql语句以from关键字进行截取
* countHql = select count(*) from Book where bookName like :bookName
* pageSql不需要写因为hibernate已经封装了内置分页接口
* getFirstResult
* getMaxResult
*
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class BaseDao {
/**
* 给hibernate中的Query对象中的命名参数列表赋值
* @param query
* @param map
*/
public void setParam(Query query,Map<String, Object> map) {
if(map != null && map.size()>0) {
Set<Entry<String, Object>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
for (Entry<String, Object> entry : entrySet) {
Object value = entry.getValue();
if(value instanceof Collection)
query.setParameter(entry.getKey(), (Collection)value);
else if (value instanceof Object[])
query.setParameter(entry.getKey(), (Object[])value);
else
query.setParameter(entry.getKey(), value);
}
}
}
public String getCountHql(String hql) {
return "select count(*)" + hql.substring(hql.toUpperCase().indexOf("FROM"));
}
/**
* 通用的hql语句查询
* @param session 当前会话
* @param hql 带命名的hql语句
* @param map 命名参数对应的值得集合
* @param pageBean 分页实体类
* @return
*/
public List executeQuery(Session session,String hql,Map<String, Object> map,PageBean pageBean) {
List list=null;
Query query = null;
if(pageBean !=null && pageBean.isPagination()) {
String countHql = getCountHql(hql);
Query createQuery = session.createQuery(countHql);
this.setParam(createQuery, map);
pageBean.setTotal(createQuery.getSingleResult().toString());
query = session.createQuery(hql);
this.setParam(query, map);
query.setFirstResult(pageBean.getStartIndex());
query.setMaxResults(pageBean.getRows());
list=query.list();
}else {
query = session.createQuery(hql);
this.setParam(query, map);
list = query.list();
}
return list;
}
}
然后写查询方法
public List<Book> list2(Book book,PageBean pageBean) {
Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.openSession();
Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
// 下面代码处理是book实体类条件查询
String bookName = book.getBookName();
Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
// sql语句where后面可以直接写true,而hql语句不能写true
String hql= "from Book where 1=1";
if(StringUtils.isNotBlank(bookName)) {
hql +=" and bookName like :bookName";
map.put("bookName", bookName);
}
// 处理的是分页
List list = super.executeQuery(session, hql, map, pageBean);
transaction.commit();
session.close();
return list;
很显然我们减少了一丢丢的代码!!
至于代码的测试和运行我就不说了,跟上面的一样
!!
就简化带查询方法的代码!1