标签(空格分隔): ceph,ceph实验,crushmap
CRUSH的全称是Controlled Replication Under Scalable Hashing,是ceph数据存储的分布式选择算法,也是ceph存储引擎的核心。ceph的客户端在往集群里读写数据时,动态计算数据的存储位置。这样ceph就无需维护一个叫metadata的东西,从而提高性能。
ceph分布式存储有关键的3R: Replication(数据复制)、Recovery(数据恢复)、Rebalancing(数据均衡)。在组件故障时,ceph默认等待300秒,然后将OSD标记为down和out,并且初始化recovery操作。这个等待时间可以在集群配置文件的mon_osd_down_out_interval参数里设置。
当新的主机或磁盘加入到集群时,CRUSH开始rebalancing操作,它将数据从存在的主机、磁盘迁移到新的主机、磁盘。rebalancing时会尽量利用所有磁盘,以提高集群性能。如果ceph集群在重度使用中,推荐做法是新加入的磁盘设置权重0,并且逐步提高权重,使得数据迁移缓慢发生,以免影响性能。所有的分布式存储在扩容时都建议这样操作。
在实际中可能经常需要调整集群的布局。默认的CRUSH布局很简单,执行ceph osd tree命令,会看到仅有host和OSD这两种bucket类型在root下面。默认的布局对分区容错很不利,没有rack、row、room这些概念。下面我们增加一种bucket类型:rack(机架)。所有的host(主机)都应位于rack下面。
(1)执行ceph osd tree得到当前的集群布局:
[root@node3 ~]# ceph osd tree
ID CLASS WEIGHT TYPE NAME STATUS REWEIGHT PRI-AFF
-1 0.05878 root default
-3 0.01959 host node1
0 hdd 0.00980 osd.0 up 1.00000 1.00000
3 hdd 0.00980 osd.3 up 1.00000 1.00000
-5 0.01959 host node2
1 hdd 0.00980 osd.1 up 1.00000 1.00000
4 hdd 0.00980 osd.4 up 1.00000 1.00000
-7 0.01959 host node3
2 hdd 0.00980 osd.2 up 1.00000 1.00000
5 hdd 0.00980 osd.5 up 1.00000 1.00000
(2)增加rack:
[root@node3 ~]# ceph osd crush add-bucket rack03 rack
added bucket rack03 type rack to crush map
[root@node3 ~]# ceph osd crush add-bucket rack01 rack
added bucket rack01 type rack to crush map
[root@node3 ~]# ceph osd crush add-bucket rack02 rack
added bucket rack02 type rack to crush map
(3)将host移动到rack下面:
[root@node3 ~]# ceph osd crush move node1 rack=rack01
moved item id -3 name 'node1' to location {rack=rack01} in crush map
[root@node3 ~]# ceph osd crush move node2 rack=rack02
moved item id -5 name 'node2' to location {rack=rack02} in crush map
[root@node3 ~]# ceph osd crush move node3 rack=rack03
moved item id -7 name 'node3' to location {rack=rack03} in crush map
(4)将rack移动到默认的root下面:
[root@node3 ~]# ceph osd crush move rack01 root=default
moved item id -9 name 'rack01' to location {root=default} in crush map
[root@node3 ~]# ceph osd crush move rack02 root=default
moved item id -10 name 'rack02' to location {root=default} in crush map
[root@node3 ~]# ceph osd crush move rack03 root=default
moved item id -11 name 'rack03' to location {root=default} in crush map
(5)再次运行ceph osd tree命令:
[root@node3 ~]# ceph osd tree
ID CLASS WEIGHT TYPE NAME STATUS REWEIGHT PRI-AFF
-1 0.05878 root default
-9 0.01959 rack rack01
-3 0.01959 host node1
0 hdd 0.00980 osd.0 up 1.00000 1.00000
3 hdd 0.00980 osd.3 up 1.00000 1.00000
-10 0.01959 rack rack02
-5 0.01959 host node2
1 hdd 0.00980 osd.1 up 1.00000 1.00000
4 hdd 0.00980 osd.4 up 1.00000 1.00000
-11 0.01959 rack rack03
-7 0.01959 host node3
2 hdd 0.00980 osd.2 up 1.00000 1.00000
5 hdd 0.00980 osd.5 up 1.00000 1.00000
会看到新的布局已产生,所有host都位于特定rack下面。按此操作,就完成了对CRUSH布局的调整。
对一个已知对象,可以根据CRUSH算法,查找它的存储结构。比如data这个pool里有一个文件test.txt:
[root@node3 ~]# echo "this is test! ">>test.txt
[root@node3 ~]# rados -p data ls
[root@node3 ~]# rados -p data put test.txt test.txt
[root@node3 ~]# rados -p data ls
test.txt
显示它的存储结构:
[root@node3 ~]# ceph osd map data test.txt
osdmap e42 pool 'data' (1) object 'test.txt' -> pg 1.8b0b6108 (1.8) -> up ([3,4,2], p3) acting ([3,4,2], p3)
crushmap与ceph的存储架构有关,在实际中可能需要经常调整它。如下先把它dump出来,再反编译成明文进行查看。
[root@node3 ~]# ceph osd getcrushmap -o crushmap
22
[root@node3 ~]# crushtool -d crushmap -o crushmap
[root@node3 ~]# cat crushmap
# begin crush map
tunable choose_local_tries 0
tunable choose_local_fallback_tries 0
tunable choose_total_tries 50
tunable chooseleaf_descend_once 1
tunable chooseleaf_vary_r 1
tunable chooseleaf_stable 1
tunable straw_calc_version 1
tunable allowed_bucket_algs 54
# devices
device 0 osd.0 class hdd
device 1 osd.1 class hdd
device 2 osd.2 class hdd
device 3 osd.3 class hdd
device 4 osd.4 class hdd
device 5 osd.5 class hdd
# types
type 0 osd
type 1 host
type 2 chassis
type 3 rack
type 4 row
type 5 pdu
type 6 pod
type 7 room
type 8 datacenter
type 9 region
type 10 root
# buckets
host node1 {
id -3 # do not change unnecessarily
id -4 class hdd # do not change unnecessarily
# weight 0.020
alg straw2
hash 0 # rjenkins1
item osd.0 weight 0.010
item osd.3 weight 0.010
}
rack rack01 {
id -9 # do not change unnecessarily
id -14 class hdd # do not change unnecessarily
# weight 0.020
alg straw2
hash 0 # rjenkins1
item node1 weight 0.020
}
host node2 {
id -5 # do not change unnecessarily
id -6 class hdd # do not change unnecessarily
# weight 0.020
alg straw2
hash 0 # rjenkins1
item osd.1 weight 0.010
item osd.4 weight 0.010
}
rack rack02 {
id -10 # do not change unnecessarily
id -13 class hdd # do not change unnecessarily
# weight 0.020
alg straw2
hash 0 # rjenkins1
item node2 weight 0.020
}
host node3 {
id -7 # do not change unnecessarily
id -8 class hdd # do not change unnecessarily
# weight 0.020
alg straw2
hash 0 # rjenkins1
item osd.2 weight 0.010
item osd.5 weight 0.010
}
rack rack03 {
id -11 # do not change unnecessarily
id -12 class hdd # do not change unnecessarily
# weight 0.020
alg straw2
hash 0 # rjenkins1
item node3 weight 0.020
}
root default {
id -1 # do not change unnecessarily
id -2 class hdd # do not change unnecessarily
# weight 0.059
alg straw2
hash 0 # rjenkins1
item rack01 weight 0.020
item rack02 weight 0.020
item rack03 weight 0.020
}
# rules
rule replicated_rule {
id 0
type replicated
min_size 1
max_size 10
step take default
step chooseleaf firstn 0 type host
step emit
}
# end crush map
这个文件包括几节,大概说明下:
crushmap设备:见上述文件#device后面的内容。这里列举ceph的OSD列表。不管新增还是删除OSD,这个列表会自动更新。通常你无需更改此处,ceph会自动维护。
crushmap bucket类型:见上述文件#types后面的内容。定义bucket的类型,包括root、datacenter、room、row、rack、host、osd等。默认的bucket类型对大部分ceph集群来说够用了,不过你也可以增加自己的类型。
crushmap bucket定义:见上述文件#buckets后面的内容。这里定义bucket的层次性架构,也可以定义bucket所使用的算法类型。
crushmap规则:见上述文件#rules后面的内容。它定义pool里存储的数据应该选择哪个相应的bucket。对较大的集群来说,有多个pool,每个pool有它自己的选择规则。
crushmap应用的实际场景中,我们可以定义一个pool名字为SSD,它使用SSD磁盘来提高性能。再定义一个pool名字为SATA,它使用SATA磁盘来获取更好的经济性。假设有3个ceph存储node,每个node上都有独立的osd服务。
首先在crushmap文件里修改root default为:
root default {
id -1 # do not change unnecessarily
id -2 class hdd # do not change unnecessarily
# weight 0.059
alg straw2
hash 0 # rjenkins1
item rack01 weight 0.020
}
主要修改其item,删除item rack02 weight 0.020,item rack03 weight 0.020 的内容
并增加如下内容:
root ssd {
id -15
alg straw
hash 0
item rack02 weight 0.020
}
root sata {
id -16
alg straw
hash 0
item rack03 weight 0.020
}
# rules
rule replicated_rule {
id 0
type replicated
min_size 1
max_size 10
step take default
step chooseleaf firstn 0 type host
step emit
}
rule ssd-pool {
ruleset 1
type replicated
min_size 1
max_size 10
step take ssd
step chooseleaf firstn 0 type osd
step emit
}
rule sata-pool {
ruleset 2
type replicated
min_size 1
max_size 10
step take sata
step chooseleaf firstn 0 type osd
step emit
ruleset 2这个规则里,step take sata表示优先选择sata的bucket
ruleset 1这个规则里,step take ssd表示优先选择ssd的bucket
需要注意的就是bucket id不要重复就好
编译文件,并上传到集群:
[root@node3 ~]# crushtool -c crushmap -o crushmap.new
[root@node3 ~]# ceph osd setcrushmap -i crushmap.new
23
再次查看此时的集群布局:
[root@node3 ~]# ceph osd tree
ID CLASS WEIGHT TYPE NAME STATUS REWEIGHT PRI-AFF
-16 0.01999 root sata
-11 0.01999 rack rack03
-7 0.01999 host node3
2 hdd 0.00999 osd.2 up 1.00000 1.00000
5 hdd 0.00999 osd.5 up 1.00000 1.00000
-15 0.01999 root ssd
-10 0.01999 rack rack02
-5 0.01999 host node2
1 hdd 0.00999 osd.1 up 1.00000 1.00000
4 hdd 0.00999 osd.4 up 1.00000 1.00000
-1 0.01999 root default
-9 0.01999 rack rack01
-3 0.01999 host node1
0 hdd 0.00999 osd.0 up 1.00000 1.00000
3 hdd 0.00999 osd.3 up 1.00000 1.00000
接下来观察ceph -s是否健康状态OK。如果健康OK,增加2个pool:
[root@node3 ~]# ceph osd pool create sata 64 64
pool 'sata' created
[root@node3 ~]# ceph osd pool create ssd 64 64
pool 'ssd' created
给上述2个新创建的pool分配crush规则:
[root@node3 ~]# ceph osd pool set sata crush_rule sata-pool
set pool 2 crush_rule to sata-pool
[root@node3 ~]# ceph osd pool set ssd crush_rule ssd-pool
set pool 3 crush_rule to ssd-pool
查看规则是否生效:
[root@node3 ~]# ceph osd dump |egrep -i "ssd|sata"
pool 2 'sata' replicated size 3 min_size 2 crush_rule 2 object_hash rjenkins pg_num 64 pgp_num 64 last_change 55 flags hashpspool stripe_width 0
pool 3 'ssd' replicated size 3 min_size 2 crush_rule 1 object_hash rjenkins pg_num 64 pgp_num 64 last_change 60 flags hashpspool stripe_width 0
现在写往sata pool的目标,将优先存储到SATA设备上。写往ssd pool的目标,将优先存储到SSD设备上。
用rados命令进行测试:
[root@node3 ~]# touch file.ssd
[root@node3 ~]# touch file.sata
[root@node3 ~]# rados -p ssd put filename file.ssd
[root@node3 ~]# rados -p sata put filename file.sata
最后使用ceph osd map命令检查它们的存储位置:
[root@node3 ~]# ceph osd map ssd file.ssd
osdmap e69 pool 'ssd' (3) object 'file.ssd' -> pg 3.46b33220 (3.20) -> up ([4,1], p4) acting ([4,1,0], p4)
[root@node3 ~]# ceph osd map sata file.sata
osdmap e69 pool 'sata' (2) object 'file.sata' -> pg 2.df856dd1 (2.11) -> up ([5,2], p5) acting ([5,2,0], p5)
可以看到对应类型的对象优先存储到对应类型的设备上
参考文档:
ceph学习之CRUSH
理解 OpenStack + Ceph (7): Ceph 的基本操作和常见故障排除方法
Ceph: mix SATA and SSD within the same box
ceph Luminous新功能之crush class