一、软件架构
二、应用文件含义
pppd应用调用方法：pppd call option &
option脚本：设置PPP连接
chat脚本：进行AT呼叫和控制的脚本
三、PPPOE
PPPOE协议是基于PPP协议的协议，在PPPOE应用程序中并没有将PPP协议实现，PPP协议是由PPPD这个用户空间程序实现的，PPPOE程序只实现PPPOE协议部分代码，在适当的时候PPPD程序进行PPP协议。
在PPPOE用户程序与PPPOE服务器连接后，他将会建立一个PPP0设备，此设备是在PPPD程序中进行的，如果与服务器连接成功，他将会一直存在，此设备就与正常的网卡设备一样，但他是个虚拟设备，经过此设备的数据发出去时还是从真实存在的网卡设备接口发送出去的(USB)。
四、移植
这里举例:EM770W、NL650
4.1、EM770W:
4.1.1、EM770W介绍
EM770W是华为3G WCDMA模块，支持HSPA(HSPA data rate － 7.2 Mbps DL / 2 Mbps UL),更适合于无线视频服务器和监控器。
4.1.2、EM770W接口
mini PCIE，52个引脚。
其中引脚对外数据接口包含一个全串口UART1,一个四线串口UART2，一个USB2.0。
4.1.3、EM770W连接方式
与ARM 芯片连接有两种方式：
1）UART1，速度只能达到115.200KBPS，这与HSPA 速率明显跟不上，一般不用此方式进行连接，使用环境：小量数据传输。
2）USB，使用环境：适合大量数据传输，速率更快。当使用USB接入linux中，会模拟成3个tty串口:ttyUSB0，ttyUSB1，ttyUSB2，其中一个为modem，两个串口
4.2、NL650:
4.2.1、NL650介绍：
NL650是诺控科技4G TDD-LTE/FDD-LTE模块。
4.2.2、NL650接口：
PCI express Mini Card，52个引脚。
其中引脚对外通讯接口包含一个三线串口，一个USB 2.0。
通过UART接口可以实现对NL650的AT交互，也可以作为数据通道高速接入，也可以进行GPS信息的输出接口。3线UART接口。NL650作为DCE（Data Communication Equipment），客户应用端作为DTE（Data terminal equipment）。
UART的波特率可设置为：300, 600, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200,230400；默认为115200，8N1，关流控。
4.2.3、NL650连接方式：
所以连接方式与EM770W一样，可选串口和U口，使用环境也一样。当使用USB接入linux中，会模拟成6个tty串口:ttyUSB0，ttyUSB1，ttyUSB2，ttyUSB3，ttyUSB4，ttyUSB5。
其中：
ttyUSB0 诊断端口，用于升级和调试
ttyUSB1 Modem端口，用于PPP拨号
ttyUSB2 AT端口，AT命令交互
ttyUSB3 NMEA端口，获取GPS数据
ttyUSB4 NDIS网卡，用于NDIS拨号和QMI
ttyUSB5 ADB端口，用于升级和调试
4.3、硬件驱动
4.3.1、内核配置
1）调制解调器串行驱动、U转串驱动、USB接口的调制解调器驱动
-> Device Drivers x
-> USB support (USB_SUPPORT [=y]) x
-> USB Serial Converter support (USB_SERIAL [=y]) x
-> Selects: USB driver for GSM and CDMA modems [=m]
2）PPP内核态驱动
-> Device Drivers
-> Network device support (NETDEVICES [=y])
<*> PPP (point-to-point protocol) support
<*> PPP BSD-Compress compression
<*> PPP Deflate compression
[*] PPP filtering
<*> PPP MPPE compression (encryption) (EXPERIMENTAL)
[*] PPP multilink support (EXPERIMENTAL)
<*> PPP over Ethernet (EXPERIMENTAL)
<*> PPP support for async serial ports
<*> PPP support for sync tty ports
3）调制解调器串行驱动增加新外设支持：
a）增加新外设PID VID
vi drivers/usb/serial/option.c
#define EM770W_OPTION_VENDOR_ID 0xxxxx
#define EM770W_OPTION_PRODUCT_COLT 0xxxxx
b）0xxxxx是根据产品手册决定
static struct usb_device_id option_ids[] = {
{
…
{USB_DEVICE(EM770W_OPTION_VENDOR_ID ,
EM770W_OPTION_PRODUCT_COLT) },
}
c）将ID号添加入ID结构体中
4）编译内核与驱动
根据配置为*或者M决定直接编译入内核或者编译出内核再编译模块：make uImage编译内核，或者 再用make modules编译option.ko usb_wwan.ko
a）option.ko：经过优化的串行驱动程序，高速3G调制解调器的Linux标准
b）usb_wwan.ko：USB driver for GSM and CDMA modems驱动
c）usbserial.ko：USB 串口转换驱动
驱动结构：
串行高速调制解调器驱动，需要一种制式的modem驱动（GSM and CDMA或CDC ACM），modem驱动需要将串行数据转为USB串行数据
注意事项：
先insmod usb_wwan.ko
再insmod option.ko
否则会出现
option: Unknown symbol usb_wwan_write (err )
option: Unknown symbol usb_wwan_close (err )
option: Unknown symbol usb_wwan_release (err )
option: Unknown symbol usb_wwan_tiocmget (err )
option: Unknown symbol usb_wwan_chars_in_buffer (err )
option: Unknown symbol usb_wwan_write_room (err )
option: Unknown symbol usb_wwan_disconnect (err )
option: Unknown symbol usb_wwan_startup (err )
option: Unknown symbol usb_wwan_set_termios (err )
option: Unknown symbol usb_wwan_dtr_rts (err )
option: Unknown symbol usb_wwan_open (err )
option: Unknown symbol usb_wwan_tiocmset (err )
insmod: cannot insert 'option.ko': unknown symbol in module or invalid parameter
如果出现export duplicate symbol....错误，可能是内核没有剔除option、usb_wwan驱动，重新配置内核设置USB driver for GSM and CDMA modems为M,再编译烧录
4.4、PPP用户态应用程序
4.4.1、工作流程介绍：
主流3G上网卡（CDMA，TD-SCDMS等）均为双模式（U盘模式，Modem模式），插入计算机时系统首先将其识别为USB Storage设备，在Windows平台下安装驱动后，驱动程序向上网卡发出模式转换指令，上网卡转换为Modem设备工作。但在Linux平台下一般都驱动集成入内核，就需要仿照Windows的流程进行模式转换。此外，3G上网卡没有类似Windows系统的应用软件以实现Modem初始化，需要使用pppd、wvdial等应用软件按照类似Windows下的流程实现Modem的初始化。
当然EM770W是只工作在modem模式下，所以不需要使用usb_modeswitch进行模式切换，也不需要usb_modeswitch的依赖库libusb，直接使用ppp软件进行拨号上网即可。
4.4.2、libusb移植
libusb是usb_modeswitch软件的依赖库
usblib下载网址：http://www.libusb.org/
1）ubuntu下 tar xvf libusb-1.0.9.tar.bz2
2) ./configure --host=arm-linux prefix=$PWD/tmp
3) make
4) make install
生成include lib
root@book-desktop:/mnt/hgfs/ShareUbuntu/libusb-1.0.9# ls tmp/
include lib
5) 复制头文件和库到交叉编译工具链
cp tmp/include/libusb-1.0/libusb.h /usr/local/arm/4.3.2/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/usr/include
cp tmp/lib/* -rfd /usr/local/arm/4.3.2/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/armv4t/lib
6) 复制动态链接库到根文件系统
cp tmp/lib/*so* -d /work/nfs_root/fs_1.24.2/lib/
4.2.3、usb_modemswitch移植
USB_ModeSwitch是一种模式切换工具，用于控制具有“多种模式”的USB设备。
出现环境前提：
越来越多的USB设备（特别是高速WAN上网卡，它基于一些手机芯片，能够改变它们的USB连接模式）都会板载它们自己的MS Windows驱动程序，当首次插入电脑时，它们会被识别为一个闪存设备，然后开始安装存储于其中的驱动程序。在安装完驱动程序之后（后面还需要再插拔一次），驱动程序就会再内部切换USB设备的连接模式，存储设备会消失（大多数情况下），然后会出现一个新的设备（例如，一个USB调制解调器）。这种首次插入是U盘的方式，称为“ZeroCD (TM)”。因为它会消除对用于承载一个独立驱动程序载体（光驱）的需求。
大多数已知的设备在两种模式下都可以工作，使用诸如“usb-storage”或“option”（一种经过优化的串行驱动程序，高速3G调制解调器的Linux标准）的Linux驱动程序。
USB_ModeSwitch从1.0.3以后的版本集成到udev（设备管理器）上，使得其工作完全自动化。你可以通过修改配置文件来设置usb_modeswitch的参数。安装时你需要安装usb-modeswitch-data的包，其中包含了设备数据库和规则文件。
1）tar xvf usb-modeswitch-2.4.0.tar.bz2
2）查看libusb动态链接库版本
book@book-desktop:/mnt/hgfs/ShareUbuntu/libusb-1.0.9/tmp/lib$ ls
libusb-1.0.a libusb-1.0.so libusb-1.0.so.0.1.0
libusb-1.0.la libusb-1.0.so.0 pkgconfig
3）修改顶层Makefile
CC = arm-linux-gcc
LIBS = -lusb-1.0
4）make DESTDIR=$PWD/tmp
root@book-desktop:/mnt/hgfs/ShareUbuntu/usb-modeswitch-2.4.0# make DESTDIR=$PWD/tmp
sed 's_!/usr/bin/tclsh_!'"/usr/bin/tclsh"'_' < usb_modeswitch.tcl > usb_modeswitch_dispatcher
5）make DESTDIR=$PWD/tmp install
6）拷贝文件到根文件系统
cp tmp/* -rfd /work/nfs_root/fs_1.24.2/
4.2.4、modeswitch配置文件
1）tar xvf usb-modeswitch-data-20160803.tar.bz2
2）make DESTDIR=$PWD/tmp install
3）cp tmp/* -rfd /work/nfs_root/fs_1.24.2
注意：如果遇到此类错误
root@book-desktop:/mnt/hgfs/ShareUbuntu/usb-modeswitch-data-# make DESTDIR=$PWD/tmp install
install -d /mnt/hgfs/ShareUbuntu/usb-modeswitch-data-/tmp/usr/share/usb_modeswitch
install -d /mnt/hgfs/ShareUbuntu/usb-modeswitch-data-/tmp/etc/usb_modeswitch.d
install -D --mode= -usb_modeswitch.rules /mnt/hgfs/ShareUbuntu/usb-modeswitch-data-/tmp/lib/udev/rules.d/-usb_modeswitch.rules
install --mode= -t /mnt/hgfs/ShareUbuntu/usb-modeswitch-data-/tmp/usr/share/usb_modeswitch ./usb_modeswitch.d/*
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/03f0^%002a': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/0cf3^%20ff': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/0d46^%45a1': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/0e8d^%0002^%uPr=MT': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/0e8d^%0002^%uPr=Product': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/0e8d^%7109': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1004^%1000': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1004^%607f': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1004^%610c': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1004^%614e': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1004^%6156': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1004^%6190': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1004^%61aa': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1004^%61dd': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1004^%61e7': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1033^%0035': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1199^%9063': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1266^%1000': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/12d1^%#android': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/12d1^%#linux': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/12d1^%1001': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/12d1^%1003': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/12d1^%14ad': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/12d1^%14c1': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/12d1^%1505': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/12d1^%151a': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/12d1^%1520': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/12d1^%1523': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/12d1^%1526': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/12d1^%1557': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/12d1^%1570': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/12d1^%15ca': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/12d1^%15cd': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/12d1^%15ce': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/12d1^%15cf': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/12d1^%1805': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/12d1^%1c0b': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/12d1^%1c24': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/12d1^%1d50': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/12d1^%1f16': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/12d1^%1f17': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/12d1^%380b': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1307^%1169': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1410^%5010': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1410^%7001': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1410^%9020': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/148e^%a000': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/148f^%2578': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/15eb^%7153': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1614^%0800': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1614^%0802': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/16d5^%f000': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/16d8^%6281': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/16d8^%700a': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1726^%1900': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1782^%0003': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1782^%0023': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/198a^%0003': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/198f^%bccd': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%#linux': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%0003': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%0026': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%0040': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%0053': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%0083^%uPr=WCDMA': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%0101': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%0266': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%1001': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%1007': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%1022': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%1026': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%1175': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%1216': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%1224': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%1233': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%1237': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%1420': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%1514': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%1517': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%1523': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%1528': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%1536': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%1542': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%1580': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%1588': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%1595': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%2000': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%2004': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%bccd': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%ffde': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%ffe6': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%fff5': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/19d2^%fff6': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1a8d^%1000': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1a8d^%2000': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1ab7^%5700': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1b7d^%0700': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1bbb^%000f': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1bbb^%00ca': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1bbb^%011f': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1bbb^%022c': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1bbb^%025e': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1bbb^%f000': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1bbb^%f017': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1bbb^%f052': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1c9e^%1001': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1c9e^%6000': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1c9e^%6061^%uPr=Storage': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1c9e^%9101': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1c9e^%9200': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1c9e^%9401': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1c9e^%9800': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1c9e^%9bfe': No such file or directory
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install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1c9e^%9e00': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1c9e^%9e08': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1c9e^%f000': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1c9e^%f000^%uMa=USB_Modem': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1c9e^%f010': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1d09^%1000': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1d09^%1021': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1d09^%1025': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1da5^%f000': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1dbc^%0669': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1dd6^%1000': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1de1^%1101': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1e0e^%f000': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1e89^%f000': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1edf^%6003': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1ee8^%0003': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1ee8^%0007': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1ee8^%0009': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1ee8^%0013': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1ee8^%0018': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1ee8^%0040': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1ee8^%0045': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1ee8^%0048': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1ee8^%004a': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1ee8^%004f': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1ee8^%0054': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1ee8^%0060': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1ee8^%0063': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1ee8^%0068': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1f28^%0021': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1fac^%0032': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1fac^%0130': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1fac^%0150': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/1fac^%0151': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/2001^%00a6': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/2001^%7600': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/2001^%98ff': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/2001^%a401': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/2001^%a403': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/2001^%a405': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/2001^%a406': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/2001^%a407': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/2001^%a40a': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/2001^%a40d': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/2001^%a706': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/2001^%a707': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/2001^%a708': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/2001^%a805': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/2001^%a80b': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/2015^%0001': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/201e^%1023': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/201e^%2009': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/2020^%0002': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/2020^%f00e': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/2020^%f00f': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/2077^%1000': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/2077^%f000': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/20a6^%f00a': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/20a6^%f00e': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/20b9^%1682': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/21f5^%1000': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/21f5^%3010': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/2262^%0001': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/22de^%6801': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/22de^%6803': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/22f4^%0021': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/230d^%0001': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/230d^%0003': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/230d^%0007': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/230d^%000b': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/230d^%000c': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/230d^%000d': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/230d^%0101': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/230d^%0103': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/2357^%0200': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/2357^%f000': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/23a2^%1010': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/257a^%a000': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/257a^%b000': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/257a^%c000': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/257a^%d000': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/6000^%1000': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/8888^%6500': No such file or directory
install: cannot stat `./usb_modeswitch.d/ed09^%1021': No such file or directory
make: *** [db-install] Error 1
是因为解压的文件夹在虚拟机与windows的共享目录中导致的。
解决办法：只需将压缩包放到buntu系统的非共享目录中解压，编译，安装就不会出现了。
4.2.5、pppd移植
1）tar xvzf ppp-2.4.5.tar.gz
2）裁剪多余符号的时候用的strip，应该使用arm-linux-strip
方法1：--strip-program=arm-linux-strip
方法2: 去掉Makefile 安装选项INSTALL -s的-s
grep "INSTALL) \-s" * -nR
root@book-desktop:/home/book/woo/tools/ppp-2.4.# grep "INSTALL) \-s" * -nR
chat/Makefile.linux:: $(INSTALL) -s -c chat $(BINDIR)
pppd/Makefile.linux::EXTRAINSTALL = $(INSTALL) -s -c -m srp-entry $(BINDIR)/srp-entry
pppd/Makefile.linux:: $(INSTALL) -s -c -m pppd $(BINDIR)/pppd
pppd/plugins/radius/Makefile.linux:: $(INSTALL) -s -c -m radius.so $(LIBDIR)
pppd/plugins/radius/Makefile.linux:: $(INSTALL) -s -c -m radattr.so $(LIBDIR)
pppd/plugins/radius/Makefile.linux:: $(INSTALL) -s -c -m radrealms.so $(LIBDIR)
pppd/plugins/rp-pppoe/Makefile.linux:: $(INSTALL) -s -c -m rp-pppoe.so $(LIBDIR)
pppd/plugins/rp-pppoe/Makefile.linux:: $(INSTALL) -s -c -m pppoe-discovery $(BINDIR)
pppdump/Makefile.linux:: $(INSTALL) -s -c pppdump $(BINDIR)
pppstats/Makefile.linux:: $(INSTALL) -s -c pppstats $(BINDIR)
3）配置
./configure --host=arm-linux --prefix=$PWD/tmp
4）编译
make CC=arm-linux-gcc
5）安装
make CC=arm-linux-gcc install
6）拷贝到根文件系统
cp tmp/* -rfd /work/nfs_root/fs_1.24.2
4.5、使用3G网卡
1）插入3G网卡
2）lsusb 查看插入usb设备的VID PID
3）依据PID VID 在下载的设备信息文件中找到相应的配置，并复制写入productXXX.cfg，并放入根文件系统etc目录下
4）切换USB为USB模拟串口，开发环境shell中输入，切换配置硬件不同内容不同需要根据插入的PID VID进行查找配置并写入
usb_modeswitch -c /etc/productXXX.cfg
5）此时lsusb会发现PID VID已经修改为cfg中target的PID VID了
6）修改option脚本
vi /etc/ppp/peers/option
将/dev/ttyUSB修改为modem的串口，串口不一定是哪个，需要测试一下
7）拨号上网：
pppd call option &
8）保存DNS配置：
cp /etc/ppp/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf
如果自己写DNS配置文件，即编辑/etc/resolv.conf，规则为主机的域名搜索顺序和DNS服务器的地址，每一行应包含一个关键字和一个或多个的由空格隔开的参数。
即：
nameserver #定义DNS服务器的IP地址
domain #定义本地域名
search #定义域名的搜索列表
sortlist #对返回的域名进行排序
主要是nameserver关键字，如果没指定nameserver就找不到DNS服务器，其它关键字是可选的。
举例：
nameserver 114.114.114.114
nameserver 8.8.8.8
9）ping www.baidu.com 成功即上成功
注意：
有的网卡，不是USB driver for GSM and CDMA modems驱动
而是USB Modem (CDC ACM) support驱动，对应模块驱动cdc_acm.ko
加载驱动，插入网卡后，对应的串口是ttyACM0-2
注意：
有些网卡不能ppp拨号上网，网上查到一篇文章《中兴ZTEME3760无线模块》：http://blog.csdn.net/hdxxjhuahuo/article/details/51136444
这篇文章遇到的无线模块应该是用的RmNet拨号方式，Gobinet驱动集成了AT拨号。