前面的话

  等高布局是指子元素在父元素中高度相等的布局方式。等高布局的实现包括伪等高和真等高,伪等高只是看上去等高而已,真等高是实实在在的等高。本文将介绍边框模拟、负margin这两种伪等高以及table实现、absolute实现、flex实现、grid实现和js判断这五种真等高布局

伪等高

边框模拟

  因为元素边框和元素高度始终是相同高度,用元素的边框颜色来伪装左右两个兄弟元素的背景色。然后将左右两个透明背景的元素使用absolute覆盖在中间元素的左右边框上,实现视觉上的等高效果

  [注意]左右两侧元素的内容高度不能大于中间元素内容高度,否则无法撑开容器高度

<style>
body,p{margin: 0;}
.parent{
position: relative;
}
.center{
box-sizing:border-box;
padding: 0 20px;
background-clip: content-box;
border-left: 210px solid lightblue;
border-right: 310px solid lightgreen;
}
.left{
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 200px;
}
.right{
position: absolute;
top: 0;
right: 0;
width: 300px;
}
</style>
<div class="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">
<div class="left">
<p>left</p>
</div>
<div class="center" style="background-color: pink;">
<p>center</p>
<p>center</p>
</div>
<div class="right">
<p>right</p>
</div>
</div>

负margin

  因为背景是在padding区域显示的,设置一个大数值的padding-bottom,再设置相同数值的负的margin-bottom,使背景色铺满元素区域,又符合元素的盒模型的计算公式,实现视觉上的等高效果

  [注意]如果页面中使用<a>锚点跳转时,将会隐藏部分文字信息

  [注意]如果页面中的背景图片定位到底部,将会看不到背景图片

<style>
body,p{margin: 0;}
.parent{
overflow: hidden;
}
.left,.centerWrap,.right{
float: left;
width: 50%;
padding-bottom: 9999px;
margin-bottom: -9999px;
}
.center{
margin: 0 20px;
}
.left,.right{
width: 25%;
}
</style>
<div class="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">
<div class="left" style="background-color: lightblue;">
<p>left</p>
</div>
<div class="centerWrap">
<div class="center" style="background-color: pink;">
<p>center</p>
<p>center</p>
</div>
</div> <div class="right" style="background-color: lightgreen;">
<p>right</p>
</div>
</div>

真等高

table

  table元素中的table-cell元素默认就是等高的

<style>
body,p{margin: 0;}
.parent{
display: table;
width: 100%;
table-layout: fixed;
}
.left,.centerWrap,.right{
display: table-cell;
}
.center{
margin: 0 20px;
}
</style>
<div class="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">
<div class="left" style="background-color: lightblue;">
<p>left</p>
</div>
<div class="centerWrap">
<div class="center" style="background-color: pink;">
<p>center</p>
<p>center</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="right" style="background-color: lightgreen;">
<p>right</p>
</div>
</div>

absolute

  设置子元素的top:0;bottom:0;使得所有子元素的高度都和父元素的高度相同,实现等高效果

<style>
body,p{margin: 0;}
.parent{
position: relative;
height: 40px;
}
.left,.center,.right{
position: absolute;
top: 0;
bottom: 0;
}
.left{
left: 0;
width: 100px;
}
.center{
left: 120px;
right: 120px;
}
.right{
width: 100px;
right: 0;
}
</style>
<div class="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">
<div class="left" style="background-color: lightblue;">
<p>left</p>
</div>
<div class="center" style="background-color: pink;">
<p>center</p>
<p>center</p>
</div>
<div class="right" style="background-color: lightgreen;">
<p>right</p>
</div>
</div>

flex

  flex中的伸缩项目默认都拉伸为父元素的高度,也实现了等高效果

<style>
body,p{margin: 0;}
.parent{
display: flex;
}
.left,.center,.right{
flex: 1;
}
.center{
margin: 0 20px;
}
</style>
<div class="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">
<div class="left" style="background-color: lightblue;">
<p>left</p>
</div>
<div class="center" style="background-color: pink;">
<p>center</p>
<p>center</p>
</div>
<div class="right" style="background-color: lightgreen;">
<p>right</p>
</div>
</div>

grid

<style>
body,p{margin: 0;}
.parent{
display: grid;
grid-auto-flow: column;
grid-gap:20px;
}
</style>
<div class="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">
<div class="left" style="background-color: lightblue;">
<p>left</p>
</div>
<div class="center" style="background-color: pink;">
<p>center</p>
<p>center</p>
</div>
<div class="right" style="background-color: lightgreen;">
<p>right</p>
</div>
</div>

js

  当子元素高度不同时,进行js判断,增加较低子元素的padding-bottom,使得各个子元素实现等高效果

<style>
body,p{margin: 0;}
.parent{overflow: hidden;}
.left,.center,.right{
float: left;
width: 25%;
}
.center{
width: 50%;
padding: 0 20px;
background-clip: content-box;
box-sizing: border-box;
}
</style>
<div class="parent" id="parent" style="background-color: lightgrey;">
<div class="left" style="background-color: lightblue;">
<p>left</p>
</div>
<div class="center" style="background-color: pink;">
<p>center</p>
<p>center</p>
</div>
<div class="right" style="background-color: lightgreen;">
<p>right</p>
</div>
</div>
<script>
function getCSS(obj,style){
if(window.getComputedStyle){
return getComputedStyle(obj)[style];
}
return obj.currentStyle[style];
}
var oParent = document.getElementById('parent');
var oLeft = oParent.getElementsByTagName('div')[0];
var oCenter = oParent.getElementsByTagName('div')[1];
var oRight = oParent.getElementsByTagName('div')[2];
function eqHeight(obj1,obj2){
var oDis = obj1.clientHeight - obj2.clientHeight;
if(oDis > 0){
obj2.style.paddingBottom = parseFloat(getCSS(obj2,'padding-bottom')) + oDis + 'px';
}else{
obj1.style.paddingBottom = parseFloat(getCSS(obj1,'padding-bottom')) + Math.abs(oDis) + 'px';
}
}
eqHeight(oLeft,oCenter);
eqHeight(oLeft,oRight);
</script>
05-08 07:50