Delphi的TCanvas类可以实现各种复杂的图形输出功能,基于近期项目的需求,利用它实现了一个很炫的动态折线图(模拟了资源管理器中CPU使用率的折线图),可以直观地展现出数值的实时变化情况。
这段代码里边有几个核心的地方:
- 首先是为了缓解刷新时画布闪烁,利用了双缓冲的原理;
- 其次结合队列,保证了数据的顺序压入;
- 还有就是一些简单的数组算法。
最终的效果如下:
单元代码如下:
unit Unit1;
interface
uses
Windows, Messages, SysUtils, Variants, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms,
Dialogs, StdCtrls, ExtCtrls,Contnrs;
const
{* 网格间隔 *}
GridSpace = ;
{* 移动步长(能够被间隔整除) *}
MoveStep = ;
{* Y轴最大值(最大刻度) *}
MaxY = ;
type
TForm1 = class(TForm)
Timer1: TTimer;
Button1: TButton;
Image1: TImage;
procedure DrawPL(Shower:TImage);
procedure Timer1Timer(Sender: TObject);
procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
procedure Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
procedure FormShow(Sender: TObject);
procedure FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
private
{ Private declarations }
public
{ Public declarations }
end;
var
Form1: TForm1;
{* 网格竖线X坐标数组 *}
GridXPArr: array of Integer;
{* 点坐标数组 *}
PointLst: array of TPoint;
{* 数值队列 *}
YPQueue: TQueue;
{* 数值指针 *}
PYValue: PInteger;
{* 网格偏移量 *}
X: Word;
implementation
{$R *.dfm}
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
var
YValue:Integer;
begin
Randomize;
YValue := Random();
//新Y坐标点按顺序压入队列
New(PYValue);
PYValue^ := YValue;
YPQueue.Push(PYValue);
end;
procedure TForm1.DrawPL(Shower:TImage);
var
Bit: TBitmap;
i: Integer;
PW,PH: Integer;
YValue:Integer;
begin
//偏移量计算
Inc(X);
if X = GridSpace div MoveStep then
X := ;
//初始化画布(双缓冲)
Bit := TBitmap.Create;
try
PW := Shower.Width;
PH := Shower.Height;
Bit.Width := PW;
Bit.Height := PH;
//初始化网格竖线X坐标数组长度为宽/间隔+1
SetLength(GridXPArr,PW div GridSpace + );
with Bit.Canvas do
begin
Brush.Color := clBlack;
Brush.Style := bsSolid;
Rectangle(,,PW,PH);
Pen.Color := $;
//画网格,根据偏移量实现动态效果
for i := to PW div GridSpace + do
begin
GridXPArr[i] := GridSpace * i - X * MoveStep;
MoveTo(GridXPArr[i],);
LineTo(GridXPArr[i],PH);
end;
for i := to PH div GridSpace do
begin
MoveTo(,GridSpace * i);
LineTo(PW,GridSpace * i);
end;
//画折线
Pen.Color := clLime;
YValue := ;
//如果队列中有新的Y坐标点,则输出
if YPQueue.Count > then
begin
PYValue := YPQueue.Pop;
YValue := PYValue^;
Dispose(PYValue);
end;
//画笔移动到起点位置
MoveTo(,PH);
//每执行一次函数,Y坐标向前移动一位,并连线各个点
for i := to Length(PointLst) - do
begin
PointLst[i].Y := PointLst[i + ].Y;
LineTo(PointLst[i+].X,PointLst[i+].Y);
end;
//按比例更新最后一位坐标点
PointLst[Length(PointLst)-].X := PW;
PointLst[Length(PointLst)-].Y := PH - (YValue * PH div MaxY);
//打印信息(可根据需要调整显示位置和内容)
Brush.Style:=bsClear;
Font.Color:=clYellow;
TextOut(,,'数值:'+inttostr(YValue));
end;
Shower.Canvas.Draw(,,Bit);
finally
Bit.Free;
end;
end;
procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
var
i:Integer;
begin
YPQueue := TQueue.Create;
//初始化坐标点个数为宽/步长+1
SetLength(PointLst,Image1.Width div MoveStep + );
//初始化坐标点为X轴基线位置
for i := to Length(PointLst) - do
begin
PointLst[i].X := i*MoveStep;
PointLst[i].Y := Image1.Height;
end;
end;
procedure TForm1.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
begin
YPQueue.Free;
end;
procedure TForm1.FormShow(Sender: TObject);
begin
DrawPL(Image1);
end;
procedure TForm1.Timer1Timer(Sender: TObject);
begin
DrawPL(Image1);
end;
end.