WPF之换肤
设计原理
WPF换肤的设计原理，利用资源字典为每种皮肤资源添加不同的样式，在后台切换皮肤资源文件。
截图
上图中，第一张图采用规则样式，第二张图采用不规则样式，截图的时候略有瑕疵。
资源字典
规则样式资源Skin.RegularStyle.xaml
<ResourceDictionary xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"> <!--Window样式-->
<Style x:Key="WindowStyle" TargetType="Window">
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="Window">
<Border BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}">
<Border.Background>
<LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1">
<GradientStop Color="Green" Offset="0"></GradientStop>
<GradientStop Color="LightGreen" Offset="0.4"></GradientStop>
<GradientStop Color="White" Offset="1"></GradientStop>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Border.Background>
<ContentPresenter></ContentPresenter>
</Border>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style> <!--Button样式-->
<Style TargetType="Button">
<Setter Property="Width" Value="70"></Setter>
<Setter Property="Height" Value="23"></Setter>
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="Button">
<Border Name="bdr" Cursor="Arrow"
BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}">
<Border.Background>
<LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1">
<GradientStop Color="White" Offset="0"></GradientStop>
<GradientStop Color="LightGreen" Offset="0.3"></GradientStop>
<GradientStop Color="Green" Offset="1"></GradientStop>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Border.Background>
<TextBlock Name="tbk" Background="Transparent" Foreground="DarkGreen" TextAlignment="Center"
Text="{TemplateBinding Content}"></TextBlock>
</Border>
<ControlTemplate.Triggers>
<Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
<Setter TargetName="bdr" Property="Background">
<Setter.Value>
<LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1">
<GradientStop Color="LightGreen" Offset="0"></GradientStop>
<GradientStop Color="Green" Offset="1"></GradientStop>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
<Setter TargetName="tbk" Property="Foreground" Value="White"></Setter>
</Trigger>
</ControlTemplate.Triggers>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style> <!--TextBox样式-->
<Style TargetType="TextBox">
<Setter Property="FontFamily" Value="SketchFlow Print"/>
<Setter Property="FontSize" Value="14"/>
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="TextBox">
<Border BorderBrush="DarkGreen" BorderThickness="0.5">
<ScrollViewer x:Name="PART_ContentHost" Focusable="false"
HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Hidden"
VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Hidden"></ScrollViewer>
</Border>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style> <!--ContextMenu样式-->
<Style TargetType="ContextMenu">
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="ContextMenu">
<Border BorderBrush="Green" BorderThickness="1">
<ItemsPresenter/>
</Border>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style> <!--MenuItem样式-->
<Style TargetType="MenuItem">
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="MenuItem">
<Border Name="border" Background="LightGreen" BorderThickness="0">
<TextBlock Name="tbk" Background="Transparent" Padding="5,5"
Text="{TemplateBinding Header}"></TextBlock>
</Border>
<ControlTemplate.Triggers>
<Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
<Setter TargetName="border" Property="Background" Value="Green"></Setter>
<Setter TargetName="tbk" Property="Foreground" Value="White"></Setter>
</Trigger>
</ControlTemplate.Triggers>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style> <!--TextBlock样式-->
<Style TargetType="TextBlock">
<Setter Property="FontFamily" Value="SketchFlow Print"/>
<Setter Property="FontSize" Value="14"/>
</Style> </ResourceDictionary>
不规则样式资源Skin.RoundedCornerStyle.xaml
<ResourceDictionary xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"> <!--Window样式-->
<Style x:Key="WindowStyle" TargetType="Window">
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="Window">
<Grid Margin="10">
<Rectangle Fill="{DynamicResource {x:Static SystemColors.WindowBrushKey}}"
RadiusX="5" RadiusY="5">
<Rectangle.Effect>
<DropShadowEffect BlurRadius="10" Color="Black" Direction="0" Opacity="0.8"
RenderingBias="Performance" ShadowDepth="0"/>
</Rectangle.Effect>
</Rectangle>
<Border BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}"
SnapsToDevicePixels="True" CornerRadius="5">
<Border.Background>
<LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1">
<GradientStop Color="Blue" Offset="0"></GradientStop>
<GradientStop Color="LightBlue" Offset="0.4"></GradientStop>
<GradientStop Color="White" Offset="1"></GradientStop>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Border.Background>
<ContentPresenter></ContentPresenter>
</Border>
</Grid>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style> <!--Button样式-->
<Style TargetType="Button">
<Setter Property="Width" Value="70"></Setter>
<Setter Property="Height" Value="23"></Setter>
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="Button">
<Border Name="bdr" CornerRadius="5" Cursor="Hand"
BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}">
<TextBlock Name="tbk" Background="Transparent" Foreground="Yellow" TextAlignment="Center"
Text="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource TemplatedParent},Path=Content}"></TextBlock>
<Border.Background>
<LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1">
<GradientStop Color="White" Offset="0"></GradientStop>
<GradientStop Color="LightBlue" Offset="0.3"></GradientStop>
<GradientStop Color="Blue" Offset="1"></GradientStop>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Border.Background>
</Border>
<ControlTemplate.Triggers>
<Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
<Setter TargetName="bdr" Property="Background">
<Setter.Value>
<LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="0,1">
<GradientStop Color="LightBlue" Offset="0"></GradientStop>
<GradientStop Color="Blue" Offset="1"></GradientStop>
</LinearGradientBrush>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
<Setter TargetName="tbk" Property="Foreground" Value="LightYellow"></Setter>
</Trigger>
</ControlTemplate.Triggers>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style> <!--TextBox样式-->
<Style TargetType="TextBox">
<Setter Property="FontFamily" Value="Times New Roman"></Setter>
<Setter Property="FontSize" Value="14"></Setter>
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="TextBox">
<Border BorderBrush="Blue" BorderThickness="0.5" CornerRadius="5">
<ScrollViewer x:Name="PART_ContentHost" Focusable="false"
HorizontalScrollBarVisibility="Hidden"
VerticalScrollBarVisibility="Hidden"></ScrollViewer>
</Border>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style> <!--ContextMenu样式-->
<Style TargetType="ContextMenu">
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="ContextMenu">
<Border CornerRadius="5" BorderBrush="Blue" BorderThickness="1">
<ItemsPresenter/>
</Border>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style> <!--MenuItem样式-->
<Style TargetType="MenuItem">
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="MenuItem">
<Border Name="border" Background="LightSkyBlue" BorderThickness="0" CornerRadius="5">
<TextBlock Name="tbk" Background="Transparent" Padding="5,5"
Text="{TemplateBinding Header}"></TextBlock>
</Border>
<ControlTemplate.Triggers>
<Trigger Property="IsMouseOver" Value="True">
<Setter TargetName="border" Property="Background" Value="BlueViolet"></Setter>
<Setter TargetName="tbk" Property="Foreground" Value="White"></Setter>
</Trigger>
</ControlTemplate.Triggers>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style> <!--TextBlock样式-->
<Style TargetType="TextBlock">
<Setter Property="FontFamily" Value="Times New Roman"/>
<Setter Property="FontSize" Value="14"/>
</Style>
</ResourceDictionary>
仔细观察上面定义的样式，你会发现在定义Window样式的时候指定了Key，其他的Control样式却没有指定Key。大家都知道，如果没有给Style指定Key，那么这个Style会应用到所有目标类型(TargetType)为指定类型的Control。请看下面一段文字：
因为在换肤的过程中，需要动态加载Window的样式，所以用DynamicResource作绑定Style="{DynamicResource WindowStyle}"。
App.xaml
程序运行的时候，默认加载规则样式的皮肤。
<Application.Resources>
<ResourceDictionary>
<ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
<ResourceDictionary Source="Dictionary\Skin.RegularStyle.xaml"></ResourceDictionary>
</ResourceDictionary.MergedDictionaries>
</ResourceDictionary>
</Application.Resources>
后台代码
/// <summary>
/// MenuItem的执行方法
/// </summary>
/// <param name="parameter"></param>
private void RelayMenuItemEvent(object parameter)
{
if (parameter.ToString() == RegularStyle)
{
ChangeSkinResource(Skins[]);
}
else if (parameter.ToString() == RoundedCornerStyle)
{
ChangeSkinResource(Skins[]);
}
} /// <summary>
/// 更换皮肤资源
/// </summary>
/// <param name="skin"></param>
private void ChangeSkinResource(ResourceDictionary skin)
{
if (Application.Current.Resources.MergedDictionaries[].Source.IsAbsoluteUri)
{
if (Application.Current.Resources.MergedDictionaries[].Source.OriginalString != skin.Source.OriginalString)
{
Application.Current.Resources.MergedDictionaries[] = skin;
}
}
else
{
if (Application.Current.Resources.MergedDictionaries[].Source.OriginalString.ToString('\\') != skin.Source.OriginalString.ToString('/'))
{
Application.Current.Resources.MergedDictionaries[] = skin;
}
}
}
运行的时候在MainWindow上右键选择皮肤样式，就可以换肤了。