简单介绍
这篇文章记录了在 IOS 中使用 Swift 操作 CoreData 的一些基础性内容，因为缺乏文档，基本上都是自行实验的结果。错漏不可避免，还请谅解。
部分内容借鉴了 Tim Roadley 的《Learning.Core.Data.for.iOS(2013.11)》, 这本书主要介绍 ObjC的 CoreData 。
创建一个新 XCode
项目
- 创建一个新的 XCode 项目。
- 创建一个 Empty Application
- 填写项目相关信息，如设置项目名称为： SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo。 注意选择语言为 Swift。 而且勾选上 Use Core Data。
- 选择存储项目的文件夹
- 创建的新项目例如以下图所看到的
改动 Core Data Model
- 选择 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo.xcdatamodeld 文件，眼下还是空的。
- 创建两个 Entity。 分别命名为 Family 和 Member。
- 在生成模型文件之前，我们能够创建一个名为 models 的 Group ， 用于存放生成的模型文件。
- 选中 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo.xcdatamodeld 文件的某个 Entity 之后，可以在 Editor 菜单中找到 Create NSManagedObject Subclass，选择此项目，開始创建模型文件。
- 尾随向导。完毕模型创建，能够选中全部的 Entity ，并将存储位置指定为我们刚创建的 models Group 中。
- 在结束之前。XCode 会弹出对话框，问是否创建用于 Swift 和 ObjC 协同工作的库文件 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo-Bridging-Header.h， 此时当然是选择 Yes。
生成完毕之后，就行在 Project 中看见新的模型文件了。
此时，SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo-Bridging-Header.h 还是空的，我们须要在当中添加须要被 Swift 訪问的头文件。结果例如以下图所看到的：
#import "Family.h"
#import "Member.h"
改动 AppDelegate
和新建 ObjC App 类似。新建项目将操作 CoreData 的代码加入在 AppDelegate.swift 文件里。为了可以使代码更简洁和清晰。我们将这部分代码提炼出来。移动到 CoreDataHelper.swift 中去。
- 打开原始的 AppDelegate.swift。在程序的后半部分，可以看见操作 CoreData 相关的代码.例如以下图所看到的。
- 创建新 CoreDataHelper.swift 文件。
改动文件名称为 CoreDataHelper。
- 在 AppDelegate.swift 中将
func saveContext ()及其后面的代码选中。转移到 CoreDataHelper.swift 文件里。并对其做些小调整，将所用到的项目名称提成常量，放在 CoreDataHelper 前部，这样，以后假设须要在历史项目中使用 CoreDataHelper，就十分方便了。
完毕后的 CoreDataHelper.swift 代码例如以下：
//
// CoreDataHelper.swift
// SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo
//
// Created by CHENHAO on 14-6-7.
// Copyright (c) 2014年 CHENHAO. All rights reserved.
//
import CoreData
class CoreDataHelper{
let storeName = "SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo"
let storeFilename = "SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo.sqlite"
// #pragma mark - Core Data stack
// Returns the managed object context for the application.
// If the context doesn't already exist, it is created and bound to the persistent store coordinator for the application.
var managedObjectContext: NSManagedObjectContext {
if !_managedObjectContext {
let coordinator = self.persistentStoreCoordinator
if coordinator != nil {
_managedObjectContext = NSManagedObjectContext()
_managedObjectContext!.persistentStoreCoordinator = coordinator
}
}
return _managedObjectContext!
}
var _managedObjectContext: NSManagedObjectContext? = nil
// Returns the managed object model for the application.
// If the model doesn't already exist, it is created from the application's model.
var managedObjectModel: NSManagedObjectModel {
if !_managedObjectModel {
let modelURL = NSBundle.mainBundle().URLForResource(storeName, withExtension: "momd")
_managedObjectModel = NSManagedObjectModel(contentsOfURL: modelURL)
}
return _managedObjectModel!
}
var _managedObjectModel: NSManagedObjectModel?
= nil
// Returns the persistent store coordinator for the application.
// If the coordinator doesn't already exist, it is created and the application's store added to it.
var persistentStoreCoordinator: NSPersistentStoreCoordinator {
if !_persistentStoreCoordinator {
let storeURL = self.applicationDocumentsDirectory.URLByAppendingPathComponent(storeFilename)
var error: NSError? = nil
_persistentStoreCoordinator = NSPersistentStoreCoordinator(managedObjectModel: self.managedObjectModel)
if _persistentStoreCoordinator!.addPersistentStoreWithType(NSSQLiteStoreType, configuration: nil, URL: storeURL, options: nil, error: &error) == nil {
/*
Replace this implementation with code to handle the error appropriately.
abort() causes the application to generate a crash log and terminate. You should not use this function in a shipping application, although it may be useful during development.
Typical reasons for an error here include:
* The persistent store is not accessible;
* The schema for the persistent store is incompatible with current managed object model.
Check the error message to determine what the actual problem was.
If the persistent store is not accessible, there is typically something wrong with the file path. Often, a file URL is pointing into the application's resources directory instead of a writeable directory.
If you encounter schema incompatibility errors during development, you can reduce their frequency by:
* Simply deleting the existing store:
NSFileManager.defaultManager().removeItemAtURL(storeURL, error: nil)
* Performing automatic lightweight migration by passing the following dictionary as the options parameter:
[NSMigratePersistentStoresAutomaticallyOption: true, NSInferMappingModelAutomaticallyOption: true}
Lightweight migration will only work for a limited set of schema changes; consult "Core Data Model Versioning and Data Migration Programming Guide" for details.
*/
//println("Unresolved error \(error), \(error.userInfo)")
abort()
}
}
return _persistentStoreCoordinator!
}
var _persistentStoreCoordinator: NSPersistentStoreCoordinator? = nil
// #pragma mark - Application's Documents directory
// Returns the URL to the application's Documents directory.
var applicationDocumentsDirectory: NSURL {
let urls = NSFileManager.defaultManager().URLsForDirectory(.DocumentDirectory, inDomains: .UserDomainMask)
return urls[urls.endIndex-1] as NSURL
}
func saveContext () {
var error: NSError? = nil
let managedObjectContext = self.managedObjectContext
if managedObjectContext != nil {
if managedObjectContext.hasChanges && !managedObjectContext.save(&error) {
// Replace this implementation with code to handle the error appropriately.
// abort() causes the application to generate a crash log and terminate. You should not use this function in a shipping application, although it may be useful during development.
//println("Unresolved error \(error), \(error.userInfo)")
abort()
}
}
}
}
- 改动 AppDelegate.swift。
并创建一个 CoreDataHelper 的实例。用于操作 CoreData。
将 applicationWillTerminate(application: UIApplication) 方法之后的内容所有替换为下面代码。
var cdh: CoreDataHelper {
if !_cdh {
_cdh = CoreDataHelper()
}
return _cdh!
}
var _cdh: CoreDataHelper?
= nil
- 改动 AppDelegate.swift。以自己主动保存 CoreData。
代码例如以下：
func applicationDidEnterBackground(application: UIApplication) {
// Use this method to release shared resources, save user data, invalidate timers, and store enough application state information to restore your application to its current state in case it is terminated later.
// If your application supports background execution, this method is called instead of applicationWillTerminate: when the user quits.
self.cdh.saveContext()
}
...
func applicationWillTerminate(application: UIApplication) {
// Called when the application is about to terminate. Save data if appropriate. See also applicationDidEnterBackground:.
// Saves changes in the application's managed object context before the application terminates.
self.cdh.saveContext()
}
操作模型对象
接下来我们将在 AppDelegate.swift 中创建一个訪问 CoreData 的 demoFamily 方法，用于操作 CoreData。这段代码放在func applicationDidBecomeActive(application: UIApplication) 中运行，操作结果从 Log 文件里查看。
func applicationDidBecomeActive(application: UIApplication) {
// Restart any tasks that were paused (or not yet started) while the application was inactive. If the application was previously in the background, optionally refresh the user interface.
self.demoFamily()
}
demoFamily() 的详细实现例如以下，代码说明请參考凝视：
func demoFamily(){
var newItemNames = ["Apples", "Milk", "Bread", "Cheese", "Sausages", "Butter", "Orange Juice", "Cereal", "Coffee", "Eggs", "Tomatoes", "Fish"]
// add families
NSLog(" ======== Insert ======== ")
for newItemName in newItemNames {
var newItem: Family = NSEntityDescription.insertNewObjectForEntityForName("Family", inManagedObjectContext: self.cdh.managedObjectContext) as Family
newItem.name = newItemName
NSLog("Inserted New Family for \(newItemName) ")
}
//self.cdh.saveContext()
//fetch families
NSLog(" ======== Fetch ======== ")
var error: NSError? = nil
var fReq: NSFetchRequest = NSFetchRequest(entityName: "Family")
// 设置过滤条件
fReq.predicate = NSPredicate(format:"name CONTAINS 'B' ")
// 设置结果排序规则。此处设置为按 Name 逆序
var sorter: NSSortDescriptor = NSSortDescriptor(key: "name" , ascending: false)
fReq.sortDescriptors = [sorter]
var result = self.cdh.managedObjectContext.executeFetchRequest(fReq, error:&error)
for resultItem : AnyObject in result {
var familyItem = resultItem as Family
NSLog("Fetched Family for \(familyItem.name) ")
}
//delete families
NSLog(" ======== Delete ======== ")
fReq = NSFetchRequest(entityName: "Family")
result = self.cdh.managedObjectContext.executeFetchRequest(fReq, error:&error)
for resultItem : AnyObject in result {
var familyItem = resultItem as Family
NSLog("Deleted Family for \(familyItem.name) ")
self.cdh.managedObjectContext.deleteObject(familyItem)
}
//self.cdh.saveContext()
NSLog(" ======== Check Delete ======== ")
result = self.cdh.managedObjectContext.executeFetchRequest(fReq, error:&error)
if result.isEmpty {
NSLog("Deleted All Families")
}
else{
for resultItem : AnyObject in result {
var familyItem = resultItem as Family
NSLog("Fetched Error Family for \(familyItem.name) ")
}
}
}
Log输出例如以下：
2014-06-07 14:01:53.717 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Application windows are expected to have a root view controller at the end of application launch
2014-06-07 14:01:54.100 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] ======== Insert ========
2014-06-07 14:01:54.115 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Inserted New Family for Apples
2014-06-07 14:01:54.115 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Inserted New Family for Milk
2014-06-07 14:01:54.115 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Inserted New Family for Bread
2014-06-07 14:01:54.116 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Inserted New Family for Cheese
2014-06-07 14:01:54.116 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Inserted New Family for Sausages
2014-06-07 14:01:54.116 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Inserted New Family for Butter
2014-06-07 14:01:54.117 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Inserted New Family for Orange Juice
2014-06-07 14:01:54.117 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Inserted New Family for Cereal
2014-06-07 14:01:54.117 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Inserted New Family for Coffee
2014-06-07 14:01:54.118 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Inserted New Family for Eggs
2014-06-07 14:01:54.118 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Inserted New Family for Tomatoes
2014-06-07 14:01:54.118 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Inserted New Family for Fish
2014-06-07 14:01:54.118 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] ======== Fetch ========
2014-06-07 14:01:54.121 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Fetched Family for Butter
2014-06-07 14:01:54.122 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Fetched Family for Bread
2014-06-07 14:01:54.122 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] ======== Delete ========
2014-06-07 14:01:54.123 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Deleted Family for Tomatoes
2014-06-07 14:01:54.123 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Deleted Family for Cereal
2014-06-07 14:01:54.123 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Deleted Family for Orange Juice
2014-06-07 14:01:54.123 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Deleted Family for Eggs
2014-06-07 14:01:54.124 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Deleted Family for Milk
2014-06-07 14:01:54.124 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Deleted Family for Butter
2014-06-07 14:01:54.124 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Deleted Family for Sausages
2014-06-07 14:01:54.125 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Deleted Family for Cheese
2014-06-07 14:01:54.125 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Deleted Family for Apples
2014-06-07 14:01:54.125 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Deleted Family for Bread
2014-06-07 14:01:54.125 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Deleted Family for Fish
2014-06-07 14:01:54.126 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Deleted Family for Coffee
2014-06-07 14:01:54.126 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] ======== Check Delete ========
2014-06-07 14:01:54.127 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo[18348:1419062] Deleted All Families
Program ended with exit code: 9
不工作的 Member.swift
代码
參考 Swift 文档，尝试创建 Member.swift，编译通过，执行測试失败。因文档有限，没法进一步确定原因。记录在此，以供大家探讨。
Swift 文档的相关说明例如以下，Implementing Core Data
Managed Object Subclasses
Implementing Core Data Managed Object Subclasses
Core Data provides the underlying storage and implementation of properties in subclasses
of the NSManagedObject class. Add the @NSManaged attribute before each property definition
in your managed object subclass that corresponds to an attribute or relationship in your
Core Data model. Like the @dynamic attribute in Objective-C, the @NSManaged attribute
informs the Swift compiler that the storage and implementation of a property will be
provided at runtime. However, unlike @dynamic, the @NSManaged attribute is available only
for Core Data support.
依据文档编写 Member.swift 例如以下：
import CoreData
class Member: NSManagedObject {
@NSManaged var name: String
@NSManaged var sex: String
@NSManaged var birthday: NSDate
}
将 SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo-Bridging-Header.h 中的 Member.h 行凝视掉：
#import "Family.h"
// #import "Member.h"
执行之后，编译成功，但执行出错闪退，出错界面例如以下。
代码地址
https://github.com/iascchen/SwiftCoreDataSimpleDemo/
打完收工
Author : iascchen(at)gmail(dot)com
Date : 2014-6-7
新浪微博 : @问天鼓