如果我们运行php时发现缺少某个库，在windows环境下很简单，找到.dll 对应的库文件，然后拷贝到 extension 目录下，然后在php.ini 里 去掉 前面的分号或者 追加一行 extension = XXXX.dll 即可。
linux环境下，可不是像windows环境下那么的简单。
下面我们已 sysvmsg 这个库文件的安装为例 来详细说明php的编译方法
收件进入php的原始文件
比如我是下载在这个路径下：
[root@localhost php-5.2.17]# cd /root/lnmp0.9-full/php-5.2.17
然后进入 ext 目录
/root/lnmp0.9-full/php-5.2.17/ext
接下来要进入我们需要增加的扩展的包 比如 这里是 sysvmsg
[root@localhost ext]# cd sysvmsg/
接下来我们需要在 sysvmsg 这个目录下创建 configure文件
[root@localhost sysvmsg]# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize （这里是我们php默认的已经安装的地址）
执行之后会提示以下信息：
[root@localhost sysvmsg]# /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version: 20041225
Zend Module Api No: 20060613
Zend Extension Api No: 220060519
此时我们可以看到 目录下会多出来很多文件
[root@localhost sysvmsg]# ll
total 1228
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 75494 Feb 25 17:30 acinclude.m4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 305818 Feb 25 17:30 aclocal.m4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 25 17:30 autom4te.cache
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 25 17:30 build
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 44892 Feb 25 17:30 config.guess
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1563 Feb 25 17:30 config.h.in
-rw-r--r-- 1 1002 1002 425 Aug 24 2006 config.m4
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 33387 Feb 25 17:30 config.sub
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 432846 Feb 25 17:30 configure
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4915 Feb 25 17:30 configure.in
-rw-r--r-- 1 1002 1002 39 Apr 26 2002 CREDITS
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Feb 25 17:30 install-sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 199728 Feb 25 17:30 ltmain.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5306 Feb 25 17:30 Makefile.global
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Feb 25 17:30 missing
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Feb 25 17:30 mkinstalldirs
-rw-r--r-- 1 1002 1002 1012 Jul 15 2009 package.xml
-rw-r--r-- 1 1002 1002 2045 Jan 3 2010 php_sysvmsg.h
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 68898 Feb 25 17:30 run-tests.php
-rw-r--r-- 1 1002 1002 12642 Jan 3 2010 sysvmsg.c
drwxr-xr-x 2 1002 1002 4096 Jan 7 2011 tests
[root@localhost sysvmsg]# pwd
/root/lnmp0.9-full/php-5.2.17/ext/sysvmsg
再接下去我们就要开始配置新增的内容的，用如下命令
[root@localhost sysvmsg]# ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with--enable-sysvmsg
checking for egrep... grep -E
checking for a sed that does not truncate output... /bin/sed
checking for cc... cc
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of executables...
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether cc accepts -g... yes
checking for cc option to accept ANSI C... none needed
checking how to run the C preprocessor... cc -E
checking for icc... no
checking for suncc... no
checking whether cc understands -c and -o together... yes
checking for system library directory... lib
checking if compiler supports -R... no
checking if compiler supports -Wl,-rpath,... yes
checking build system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
checking target system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
checking for PHP prefix... /usr/local/php
checking for PHP includes... -I/usr/local/php/include/php -I/usr/local/php/inclu de/php/main -I/usr/local/php/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/local/php/include/php/Zend -I/usr/local/php/include/php/ext -I/usr/local/php/include/php/ext/date/lib
checking for PHP extension directory... /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-deb ug-non-zts-20060613
checking for PHP installed headers prefix... /usr/local/php/include/php
checking if debug is enabled... no
checking if zts is enabled... no
checking for re2c... no
configure: WARNING: You will need re2c 0.13.4 or later if you want to regenerate PHP parsers.
checking for gawk... gawk
checking whether to enable System V IPC support... yes, shared
checking for ANSI C header files... yes
checking for sys/types.h... yes
checking for sys/stat.h... yes
checking for stdlib.h... yes
checking for string.h... yes
checking for memory.h... yes
checking for strings.h... yes
checking for inttypes.h... yes
checking for stdint.h... yes
checking for unistd.h... yes
checking sys/msg.h usability... yes
checking sys/msg.h presence... yes
checking for sys/msg.h... yes
checking for ld used by cc... /usr/bin/ld
checking if the linker (/usr/bin/ld) is GNU ld... yes
checking for /usr/bin/ld option to reload object files... -r
checking for BSD-compatible nm... /usr/bin/nm -B
checking whether ln -s works... yes
checking how to recognize dependent libraries... pass_all
checking dlfcn.h usability... yes
checking dlfcn.h presence... yes
checking for dlfcn.h... yes
checking the maximum length of command line arguments... 98304
checking command to parse /usr/bin/nm -B output from cc object... ok
checking for objdir... .libs
checking for ar... ar
checking for ranlib... ranlib
checking for strip... strip
checking if cc supports -fno-rtti -fno-exceptions... no
checking for cc option to produce PIC... -fPIC
checking if cc PIC flag -fPIC works... yes
checking if cc static flag -static works... yes
checking if cc supports -c -o file.o... yes
checking whether the cc linker (/usr/bin/ld) supports shared libraries... yes
checking whether -lc should be explicitly linked in... no
checking dynamic linker characteristics... GNU/Linux ld.so
checking how to hardcode library paths into programs... immediate
checking whether stripping libraries is possible... yes
checking if libtool supports shared libraries... yes
checking whether to build shared libraries... yes
checking whether to build static libraries... no
creating libtool
appending configuration tag "CXX" to libtool
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating config.h
[root@localhost sysvmsg]# make
/bin/sh /root/lnmp0.9-full/php-5.2.17/ext/sysvmsg/libtool --mode=compile cc -I. -I/root/lnmp0.9-full/php-5.2.17/ext/sysvmsg -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/root/lnmp0.9-full /php-5.2.17/ext/sysvmsg/include -I/root/lnmp0.9-full/php-5.2.17/ext/sysvmsg/main -I/root/lnmp0.9-full/php-5.2.17/ext/sysvmsg -I/usr/local/php/include/php -I/usr /local/php/include/php/main -I/usr/local/php/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/local/php/i nclude/php/Zend -I/usr/local/php/include/php/ext -I/usr/local/php/include/php/ex t/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /root/lnmp0.9-full/php-5.2.17/ext/sysvm sg/sysvmsg.c -o sysvmsg.lo
mkdir .libs
cc -I. -I/root/lnmp0.9-full/php-5.2.17/ext/sysvmsg -DPHP_ATOM_INC -I/root/lnmp0 .9-full/php-5.2.17/ext/sysvmsg/include -I/root/lnmp0.9-full/php-5.2.17/ext/sysvm sg/main -I/root/lnmp0.9-full/php-5.2.17/ext/sysvmsg -I/usr/local/php/include/php -I/usr/local/php/include/php/main -I/usr/local/php/include/php/TSRM -I/usr/loca l/php/include/php/Zend -I/usr/local/php/include/php/ext -I/usr/local/php/include /php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -c /root/lnmp0.9-full/php-5.2.17/ext/sy svmsg/sysvmsg.c -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/sysvmsg.o
/bin/sh /root/lnmp0.9-full/php-5.2.17/ext/sysvmsg/libtool --mode=link cc -DPHP_A TOM_INC -I/root/lnmp0.9-full/php-5.2.17/ext/sysvmsg/include -I/root/lnmp0.9-full /php-5.2.17/ext/sysvmsg/main -I/root/lnmp0.9-full/php-5.2.17/ext/sysvmsg -I/usr/ local/php/include/php -I/usr/local/php/include/php/main -I/usr/local/php/include /php/TSRM -I/usr/local/php/include/php/Zend -I/usr/local/php/include/php/ext -I/ usr/local/php/include/php/ext/date/lib -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -g -O2 -o sysvmsg.la -export-dynamic -avoid-version -prefer-pic -module -rpath /root/lnmp0.9-full/php -5.2.17/ext/sysvmsg/modules sysvmsg.lo
cc -shared .libs/sysvmsg.o -Wl,-soname -Wl,sysvmsg.so -o .libs/sysvmsg.so
creating sysvmsg.la
(cd .libs && rm -f sysvmsg.la && ln -s ../sysvmsg.la sysvmsg.la)
/bin/sh /root/lnmp0.9-full/php-5.2.17/ext/sysvmsg/libtool --mode=install cp ./sy svmsg.la /root/lnmp0.9-full/php-5.2.17/ext/sysvmsg/modules
cp ./.libs/sysvmsg.so /root/lnmp0.9-full/php-5.2.17/ext/sysvmsg/modules/sysvmsg. so
cp ./.libs/sysvmsg.lai /root/lnmp0.9-full/php-5.2.17/ext/sysvmsg/modules/sysvmsg .la
PATH="$PATH:/sbin" ldconfig -n /root/lnmp0.9-full/php-5.2.17/ext/sysvmsg/modules
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Libraries have been installed in:
/root/lnmp0.9-full/php-5.2.17/ext/sysvmsg/modules
If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries
in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and
specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR'
flag during linking and do at least one of the following:
- add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH' environment variable
during execution
- add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH' environment variable
during linking
- use the `-Wl,--rpath -Wl,LIBDIR' linker flag
- have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf'
See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for
more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Build complete.
Don't forget to run 'make test'.
[root@localhost sysvmsg]# make install
Installing shared extensions: /usr/local/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non -zts-20060613/
到这里我们就是安装完成了，会在extentsion目录下创建需要用到得.so 库文件
[root@localhost no-debug-non-zts-20060613]# ll
total 504
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 340289 Feb 22 19:02 memcache.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 121553 Feb 22 19:02 pdo_mysql.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 36914 Feb 25 17:33 sysvmsg.so
[root@localhost no-debug-non-zts-20060613]# cd /usr/local/php/etc/
[root@localhost etc]# ll
total 64
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5712 Feb 22 19:02 php-fpm.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 5194 Feb 22 19:01 php-fpm.conf.default
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 45469 Feb 25 17:26 php.ini
然后我们需要修改php.ini 新增 .so 库文件
extension = "sysvmsg.so"
用wq 保存php.ini.
最后别忘了重新启动php
[root@localhost etc]# ps -ef | grep php
root 11702 1 0 17:20 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/php/bin/php-cgi --fpm --fpm-config /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
www 11703 11702 0 17:20 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/php/bin/php-cgi --fpm --fpm-config /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
www 11704 11702 0 17:20 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/php/bin/php-cgi --fpm --fpm-config /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
www 11705 11702 0 17:20 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/php/bin/php-cgi --fpm --fpm-config /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
www 11706 11702 0 17:20 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/php/bin/php-cgi --fpm --fpm-config /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
www 11707 11702 0 17:20 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/php/bin/php-cgi --fpm --fpm-config /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
root 15214 10781 0 17:34 pts/4 00:00:00 grep php
root 28908 28907 0 13:25 pts/1 00:00:00 /usr/local/php/bin/php /opt/nowtel/sh/MemDaemon.php
[root@localhost etc]# killall -9 /usr/local/php/bin/php-cgi
[root@localhost etc]# /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm start
Starting php_fpm done
好了，这样我们就完成了一个新的模块的安装。