Swing的基本操作

 package GUI_experience;

 import java.awt.*;

 import java.awt.Container;

 import java.awt.FlowLayout;

 import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;

 import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

 import javax.imageio.stream.ImageInputStream;

 import javax.swing.*;

 import java.awt.event.FocusEvent;

 import java.awt.event.FocusListener;

 import java.net.*;

 /**class myFrame extends Frame{

     myFrame(String s){

         super(s);

         this.setBackground(Color.blue);

         this.setSize(300,200);

         this.setVisible(true);

     }

     public static void main(String []args){

         myFrame mfr=new myFrame("First GUI project");

     }

 }*/

 /**class MyFrame extends Frame{

     static int id=0;

     MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color myColor){

         super("MyFrame first project "+(++id));

         this.setBackground(myColor);

         this.setBounds(x,y,w,h);

         this.setLayout(null);

         this.setVisible(true);

     }

     public static void main(String[]args){

         MyFrame mf=new MyFrame(200,300,200,200,Color.gray);

     }

 }*/

 /**

  * 窗体示例JFrame

  * 通常继承自JFrame类来使用而不是在类的main函数中创建一个JFrame对象

  *

  */

 class Demo2 extends JFrame{

     Demo2(){

         setVisible(true);//Visible

         setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);//设置关闭按键，直接关闭

         //setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DO_NOTHING_ON_CLOSE);//关闭按键等于没用

         //setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.HIDE_ON_CLOSE);//关闭但是不停止程序

         //setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE);//释放程序资源

         setBounds(300,500,300,200);//Location and Size

         //setSize(300,200);

         //setLocation(300,500);

         setTitle("This is a Frame.");

         Container c = getContentPane();//获取窗体容器

         c.setBackground(Color.white);

         JLabel jl=new JLabel("Right here is a frame.");

         c.add(jl);

 //      c.remove(jl);

         c.validate();//验证容器中的组件，等于刷新一下

 //      f.setContentPane(c);//重新载入容器，与上式等效，但是上式更好

         setResizable(false);

         System.out.println(getX());

         System.out.println(getY());

     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         new Demo2();

     }

 }

 /**

  * JDialog对话框示例

  *

  */

 class Demo3 extends JDialog{

     Demo3(JFrame frame){//在对话框的参数列表中就要包含父窗体

         super(frame,"Title of DIALOG",true);//父窗体对象，对话框标题，是否阻塞父窗体

         Container c=getContentPane();

         JLabel jl=new JLabel("这是一个标签");

         jl.setForeground(Color.RED);//设置字体颜色为红色

         //jl.setText("");更改标签内容

         //jl.getText();获取标签内容

         jl.setFont(new Font("宋体",Font.BOLD,15));//设置字体

         c.add(jl);//添加一段标签

         JLabel pic=new JLabel("这是一个展示图片的标签");

 //        URL url=Demo3.class.getResource("pycharm_inter.png");//获取图片URL路径,要求图片和此文件在同一包内

 //        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(url);

         Icon icon = new ImageIcon("src/GUI_experience/pycharm_inter.png");//直接写出图片相应路径也能得到图片

 //        jl.setSize(20,20);//设置标签大小并不能改变图片大小

         pic.setIcon(icon);//添加图片

         c.add(pic);

         setBounds(100,100,500,400);

     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         JFrame f =new JFrame("Father Frame");

         f.setBounds(50,50,300,300);

         Container c=f.getContentPane();

         JButton btn =new JButton("Push out a DIALOG");

         c.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

         c.add(btn);

         f.setVisible(true);

         f.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

         /**

          * 重要部分：给按钮添加监听（使按钮生效）

          *

          */

         btn.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

             public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {

                 Demo3 d =new Demo3(f);

                 d.setVisible(true);//对话框最好在main中设置窗体可见

             }

         });

     }

 }

 class Exp_absoluteLayout extends JFrame{

     Exp_absoluteLayout(){

         setBounds(300,300,200,150);

         setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

         Container c = getContentPane();

         c.setLayout(null);//布局参数设置为null即为绝对布局，此时组件大小和位置只由设定的坐标决定（与窗体大小无关）

         JButton jb1 = new JButton("Button_1"), jb2 = new JButton("Button_2");

         jb1.setBounds(10,30,120 ,30);

         jb2.setBounds(60,70,100,20);

         c.add(jb1);

         c.add(jb2);

         setVisible(true);

     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         new Exp_absoluteLayout();

     }

 }

 class Exp_FlowLayout extends JFrame{

     Exp_FlowLayout(){

         setVisible(true);

         setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

         setBounds(300,300,200,150);

         Container c = getContentPane();

         for(int i=0;i<10;i++){

             c.add(new JButton("Button_"+i));

         }

 //        setLayout(new FlowLayout());//默认居中对齐

         setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT,20,20));//设置为右对齐，水平间距20，竖直间距20

     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         new Exp_FlowLayout();

     }

 }

 class Exp_BorderLayout extends JFrame{

     Exp_BorderLayout(){

         setBounds(100,100,350,200);

         setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

         Container c = getContentPane();

         c.setLayout(new BorderLayout());

         JButton jb1=new JButton("中"),

                 jb2=new JButton("东"),

                 jb3=new JButton("西"),

                 jb4=new JButton("南"),

                 jb5=new JButton("北");

         c.add(jb1,BorderLayout.CENTER);

         c.add(jb2,BorderLayout.EAST);

         c.add(jb3,BorderLayout.WEST);

         c.add(jb4,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

         c.add(jb5,BorderLayout.NORTH);

         c.setVisible(true);

         setVisible(true);//tip:只有将设置可见性放在最后才能保证所有组件都可见

     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         new Exp_BorderLayout();

     }

 }

 class Exp_GridLayout extends JFrame{

     Exp_GridLayout(){

         setBounds(100,100,300,300);

         setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

         Container c = getContentPane();

 //        c.setLayout(new GridLayout(7,3,5,5));//网格布局，7行3列，水平间距5，竖直间距5

         c.setLayout(new GridLayout(6,4));//紧密无缝隙排列

         for(int i=0;i<23;i++){//如果组件数量超过网格布局，每当不足时则多出一列

             c.add(new JButton("Button_"+i));

         }

         setVisible(true);

     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         new Exp_GridLayout();

     }

 }

 class Exp_GridBagFLayout {

     JFrame f = new JFrame();

     Container c= f.getContentPane();

     void createFrame(){

         f.setSize(800,600);

         f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

         c.setLayout(new GridBagLayout());

         f.setLocationRelativeTo(null);

     }

     void init(){

         GridBagConstraints g1 = new GridBagConstraints();

         c.add(new JButton("Btn1"),g1);

         GridBagConstraints g2 = new GridBagConstraints();

         g2.gridx=1;

         g2.gridy=1;

         c.add(new JButton("Btn2"),g2);

         GridBagConstraints g3 = new GridBagConstraints();

         g3.gridx=2;

         g3.gridy=2;

         c.add(new JButton("Btn3"),g3);

     }

     void createButton(){

         for(int i=0;i<9;i++){

             GridBagConstraints g1 = new GridBagConstraints();

             g1.gridx=0;

             g1.gridy=i;//标定位置（左上角）

             c.add(new JButton("Btn"),g1);

             GridBagConstraints g2 = new GridBagConstraints();

             g2.gridx=i;

             g2.gridy=0;

             c.add(new JButton("Btn"),g2);

         }

     }

     void init2(){

         GridBagConstraints g1 = new GridBagConstraints();

         g1.gridx=1;

         g1.gridy=1;

         c.add(new JButton("Btn1"),g1);

         GridBagConstraints g2 = new GridBagConstraints();

         g2.gridx=2;

         g2.gridy=2;

         g2.gridwidth=2;

         g2.gridheight=1;//占据位置：两行一列

         c.add(new JButton("Btn2"),g2);

         GridBagConstraints g3 = new GridBagConstraints();

         g3.gridx=4;

         g3.gridy=4;

         g3.gridwidth=2;

         g3.gridwidth=2;

         c.add(new JButton("Btn3"),g3);

     }

     void init3(){

         GridBagConstraints g1 = new GridBagConstraints();

         g1.gridx=1;

         g1.gridy=1;

         g1.gridwidth=2;

         g1.gridheight=2;

         g1.fill=GridBagConstraints.NONE;

         c.add(new JButton("NONE"),g1);

         GridBagConstraints g2 = new GridBagConstraints();

         g2.gridx=3;

         g2.gridy=1;

         g2.gridheight=2;

         g2.gridwidth=2;

         g2.fill=GridBagConstraints.HORIZONTAL;//填充方式：水平填充

         c.add(new JButton("HORIZONTAL"),g2);

         GridBagConstraints g3 = new GridBagConstraints();

         g3.gridx=5;

         g3.gridy=1;

         g3.gridwidth=2;

         g3.gridheight=2;

         g3.fill=GridBagConstraints.VERTICAL;//填充方式：竖直填充

         c.add(new JButton("VERTICAL"),g3);

         GridBagConstraints g4 = new GridBagConstraints();

         g4.gridx=7;

         g4.gridy=1;

         g4.gridwidth=2;

         g4.gridheight=2;

         g4.fill=GridBagConstraints.BOTH;//填充方式：完全填充

         c.add(new JButton("BOTH"),g4);

     }

     void init4(){

         GridBagConstraints g1 = new GridBagConstraints();

         g1.gridx=1;

         g1.gridy=1;

         g1.gridwidth=2;

         g1.gridheight=2;

         g1.fill=GridBagConstraints.NONE;

         g1.anchor=GridBagConstraints.NORTHWEST;//占据方位：所占据区域的左上角（西北角）

         c.add(new JButton("."),g1);

     }

     void init5(){

         GridBagConstraints g1 = new GridBagConstraints();

         g1.gridx=1;

         g1.gridy=1;

         g1.gridwidth=2;

         g1.gridheight=2;

         g1.insets = new Insets(0,0,10,10);//偏移像素值

         c.add(new JButton("."),g1);

     }

     void init6(){

         GridBagConstraints g1 = new GridBagConstraints();

         g1.gridx=1;

         g1.gridy=1;

         g1.gridwidth=2;

         g1.gridheight=2;

         g1.ipadx=10;

         g1.ipady=10;//首选位置

         c.add(new JButton("NONE"),g1);

     }

     void init7(){

         GridBagConstraints g1 = new GridBagConstraints();

         g1.gridx=1;

         g1.gridy=1;

         g1.gridwidth=2;

         g1.gridheight=2;

         g1.weightx=10;

         g1.weighty=10;//当窗体大小足够大时占据的空间（如果不够大则迁就窗体进行回缩

         c.add(new JButton("NONE"),g1);

     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         Exp_GridBagFLayout eg = new Exp_GridBagFLayout();

         eg.createFrame();

         eg.createButton();

         eg.init7();

         eg.f.setVisible(true);

     }

 }

 class Demo4 extends JFrame{

     Demo4(){

         setBounds(100,100,190,120);

         setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

         Container c = getContentPane();

         c.setLayout(null);

         JComboBox<String> cb = new JComboBox<String>();//建立下拉列表，可以使用泛型确定条目类型

         cb.addItem("身份证");

         cb.addItem("学生证");

         cb.addItem("工作证");

         String [] items = {"1","2","3"};//利用字符串数组创建下拉列表

         JComboBox<String> cb2 = new JComboBox<>(items);

         JComboBox<String> cb3 = new JComboBox<>();

         String [] item = {"学生证","驾驶证","毕业证"};

         ComboBoxModel cm = new DefaultComboBoxModel<>(item);//建立下拉列表模型并向其中加入元素

         cb3.setModel(cm);//利用下拉列表模型创建下拉列表

         cb3.setEditable(true);//设定下拉框中值可编辑

         cb3.setBounds(10,10,80,21);

         c.add(cb3);

         JButton jb = new JButton("打印");

         jb.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

             public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {

                 System.out.println("索引："+cb3.getSelectedIndex());

                 System.out.println("值："+cb3.getSelectedItem());

             }

         });

         jb.setBounds(100,10,60,20);

         c.add(jb);

         setVisible(true);

     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         Demo4 d4 = new Demo4();

     }

 }

 class Exp_Jlist extends JFrame{

     Exp_Jlist(){

                 setBounds(100,100,217,167);

                 setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

                 Container c = getContentPane();

                 c.setLayout(null);

                 String items [] ={"1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8"};

               //  JList<String> jl = new JList<>(items);

                 DefaultListModel<String> mod = new DefaultListModel<>();//创建数据模型

                 for(String tmp:items){

                     mod.addElement(tmp);//向数据模型中添加元素

                 }

                 mod.addElement("AnotherElem");

                 JList<String> jl = new JList<>();

                 jl.setModel(mod);//为创建的列表框提供模型，方便更改元素

 //                jl.setSelectionMode(ListSelectionModel.SINGLE_SELECTION);//选择模式：只能选择1个元素

 //                jl.setSelectionMode(ListSelectionModel.SINGLE_INTERVAL_SELECTION);//只能选择相邻元素

                 jl.setSelectionMode(ListSelectionModel.MULTIPLE_INTERVAL_SELECTION);//选择不受限制(按ctrl)

                 JButton jb = new JButton("确认");

                 jb.setBounds(120,90,70,25);

                 jb.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

                     public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {

                         java.util.List<String> str = jl.getSelectedValuesList();//获取列表框中元素

                         for(String st:str){

                             System.out.println(st);

                         }

                     }

                 });

                 c.add(jb);

                 JScrollPane js = new JScrollPane(jl);//添加滚动条

                 js.setBounds(10,10,100,100);//如果添加了滚动条，列表框的大小由滚动条决定

                 c.add(js);

                 setVisible(true);

     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         new Exp_Jlist();

     }

 }

 class Exp_JTextField extends JFrame{

     Exp_JTextField(){

         setBounds(100,100,250,100);

         setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

         Container c =getContentPane();

         c.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

         JTextField jt = new JTextField("aaa",20);//创建文本框，同时可以创建默认文本和长度

         jt.setColumns(20);//也可以通过此方法设置长度

         jt.setText("aaa");//也可以通过此方法设置文本

         jt.setFont(new Font("宋体",Font.PLAIN,20));//设置字体

         c.add(jt);

         JButton jb = new JButton("确认");

         jb.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

             @Override

             public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {

                 System.out.println(jt.getText());//获取文本框中的文本

                 jt.setText("");//点击完按钮之后清空文本

                 jt.requestFocus();//获取光标

             }

         });

         c.add(jb);

         setVisible(true);

     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         new Exp_JTextField();

     }

 }

 class Exp_JPasswordField extends JFrame{

     Exp_JPasswordField(){

         setBounds(100,100,500,100);

         setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

         Container c = getContentPane();

         c.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

         JPasswordField jp = new JPasswordField(20);

         jp.setColumns(20);

         jp.setFont(new Font("Arial",Font.BOLD,20));

         jp.setEchoChar('*');//设置显式字符，默认为圆点

         jp.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

             public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {

                 char ch[] = jp.getPassword();//获取密码的字符数组

                 String str = new String (ch);

                 System.out.println(str);

             }

         });

         c.add(jp);

         setVisible(true);

     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         new Exp_JPasswordField();

     }

 }

 class Exp_JTextArea extends JFrame{

     Exp_JTextArea(){

          setBounds(100,100,400,400);

          setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

          Container c = getContentPane();

          c.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

          JTextArea area = new JTextArea("这是一个文本域");//创建一个带默认文本的文本域，不同于文本框，文本域支持多行输入

          area.setText("文本域");

          area.setRows(5);//设定行

          area.setColumns(20);//设定列数

          area.append("添加内容");

          area.insert("插入",3);

          area.setFont(new Font("楷体",Font.PLAIN,20));

          JScrollPane js = new JScrollPane(area);//给文本域提供滚动条

          c.add(js);

          setVisible(true);

     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         new Exp_JTextArea();

     }

 }

 class JustAExampleForActionListener extends JFrame{//动作事件监听器示例

     JustAExampleForActionListener(){

         setBounds(100,100,500,500);

         setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

         Container c =getContentPane();

         JTextField jt = new JTextField();

         JLabel jl = new JLabel("这是一个标签");

         JScrollPane js =new JScrollPane(jt);

         js.setBounds(10,10,300,30);

         jt.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {

             @Override

             public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent actionEvent) {

                 Object obj =actionEvent.getSource();//使用ActionEvent对象获取值

                 JTextField jtTmp = (JTextField)obj;

                 System.out.println(jtTmp.getText());

                 jl.setText("文本框单击了回车");

             }

         });

         c.add(js);

         c.add(jl);

         setVisible(true);

     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         new JustAExampleForActionListener();

     }

 }

 class JustAnExampleForFocusListener extends JFrame{//焦点事件监听器示例

     JustAnExampleForFocusListener(){

         setBounds(100,100,500,400);

         setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

         Container c = getContentPane();

         c.setLayout(null);

         JTextField jt1 = new JTextField();

         jt1.setBounds(10,10,60,20);

         JTextField jt2 = new JTextField();

         jt2.setBounds(10,60,60,20);

         JTextField jt3 = new JTextField();

         jt3.setBounds(10,110,60,20);

         jt1.addFocusListener(new MyFocusListener() );

         jt2.addFocusListener(new MyFocusListener() );

         jt3.addFocusListener(new MyFocusListener() );

         c.add(jt1);

         c.add(jt2);

         c.add(jt3);

         setVisible(true);

     }

     class MyFocusListener implements FocusListener{//自定义的焦点事件监听类

        public void focusGained(FocusEvent e){//得到焦点事件

            JTextField jtTmp = (JTextField)e.getSource();//获取触发事件的组件

            jtTmp.setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.GREEN));//给得到焦点的文本框提供绿色边框

        }

        public void focusLost(FocusEvent e){//失去焦点事件

            JTextField jtTmp = (JTextField)e.getSource();

            jtTmp.setBorder(BorderFactory.createLineBorder(Color.red));

        }

     }

     public static void main(String[] args) {

         new JustAnExampleForFocusListener();

     }

 }