目录
本文目的是通过全面简述C# 与JAVA 在基础语法以及ASP.NET CORE 与 Spring Boot MVC的在框架规范、部署、运行的异曲同工的实现方式,让大家更多的了解C#与JAVA,本文不会刻意说哪门语言好,我认为这是没有意义的,更多的是了解每种语言的特点、优点以及不同语言的共性,掌握编程内功(如:面向对象、DI、AOP、设计模式、算法),这样才能让自己更能适应社会及未来的变化。
本文主要以示例代码为主,辅以简单文字说明,不会细讲每个语法点,只会体现不同的实现方式而矣,全文无废话,全是干货,慢慢欣赏吧。
(注:本文内容是使用Markdown编辑器进行编辑完成!)
C# VS JAVA 基础语法类比篇:
一、匿名类
C#(直接new{},在{}中直接定义只读公开属性或委托方法,无需预先定义任何接口或类)
#region 1.匿名类
var helloWord = new
{
CodeBy = "C#匿名类",
Output = new Action<string, string>((name, codeBy) =>
{
System.Console.WriteLine($"Welcome:{name},Hello Word! by {codeBy}");
})
};
helloWord.Output("梦在旅途", helloWord.CodeBy);
#endregion
JAVA(需要先定义接口或类,然后 new 接口或类的构造函数{},{}内实现接口方法或重写父类接口)
//1.匿名类
IHelloWord helloWord=new IHelloWord() {
@Override
public void output(String name) {
System.out.printf("Welcome:%s,Hello Word! by %s\n",name,getCodeBy());
}
@Override
public String getCodeBy() {
return "JAVA匿名类";
}
};
helloWord.output("梦在旅途");
public interface IHelloWord {
void output(String name);
String getCodeBy();
}
二、类型初始化
C#(IList类型(Dictionary、List)直接在new 类型{},在{}内直接使用{key,value}或{value}方式添加集合元素,其实是隐式调用了add方法)
#region 2.类型初始化
Dictionary<string, string> map = new Dictionary<string, string>
{
{ "key1","value1" },//(隐式自动调用add方法)
{ "key2", "value2" },
{ "key3", "value3" }
};
foreach (var item in map)
{
System.Console.WriteLine($"key:{item.Key},value:{item.Value}");
}
List<string> list = new List<string>
{
"list-item1",//(隐式自动调用add方法)
"list-item2",
"list-item3"
};
foreach (string item in list)
{
System.Console.WriteLine(item);
}
String[] strArr = { "arr1", "arr2", "arr3" };
foreach (string item in strArr)
{
System.Console.WriteLine(item);
}
Person person = new Person
{
Name = "梦在旅途",
Age = 23,
Sex = "男"
};
string json = JsonConvert.SerializeObject(person);
System.Console.WriteLine("Person json:" + json);
#endregion
JAVA(new集合类型{},并在{}内再次使用{},即{{赋值 }},在双大括号内进行赋值操作,省略类名,这个特点有点类似VB及VB.NET的with语句,大家有兴趣可以了解一下,数组的初始化与C#相同,都可以直接在定义数组的时候在{}中给定元素)
//2.类型初始化
Map<String,String> map=new HashMap(){
{
put("key1","value1");
put("key2","value2");
put("key3","value3");
}
};
for (Map.Entry<String, String> item:map.entrySet()) {
System.out.printf("key:%1$s,value:%2$s\n",item.getKey(),item.getValue());
}
List<String> list=new ArrayList(){
{
add("list-item1");
add("list-item2");
add("list-item3");
}
};
for (String item :list) {
System.out.printf("%s\n",item);
}
String[] strArr={"arr1","arr2","arr3"};
for (String item :strArr) {
System.out.printf("%s\n",item);
}
Person person=new Person(){
{
setName("zwj");
setAge(32);
setSex("男");
}
};
ObjectMapper jsonMapper=new ObjectMapper();
String json= jsonMapper.writeValueAsString(person);
System.out.println("Person json:" + json);
三、委托(方法引用)
C#(委托定义使用delegate关键字,后面就跟方法答名定义【不含方法体】,可委托普通方法,静态方法,有很多的现成的预定义委托类型,如:Action<T0...T16>,Func<T0...T16,TOut>各有16个重载)
#region 3.委托
delegate void HelloDelegate(string name);//定义委托类型(重点是方法签名)
//常规普通自定义委托类型及委托相应的方法
HelloWord helloWordObj = new HelloWord();
HelloDelegate helloDelegate = helloWordObj.Output; //委托实例方法
helloDelegate.Invoke("梦在旅途");// OR helloDelegate("梦在旅途");
HelloDelegate helloDelegate2 = HelloWord.OutputForStatic; //委托类的静态方法
helloDelegate2.Invoke("zuowenjun"); // OR helloDelegate2("zuowenjun");
//使用通用的已封装好的委托类型(如:Func、Action)并实例化
Func<int, int, int> multiplyFunc = new Func<int, int, int>(delegate (int a, int b)
{
return a * b;
});
int x = 12, y = 25;
int multiplyResult = multiplyFunc.Invoke(x, y); //OR multiplyFunc(x,y);
System.Console.WriteLine($"{x}乘以{y}等于:{multiplyResult}");
Action<string> helloAction = new Action<string>(delegate (string name)
{
System.Console.WriteLine($"hello,{name},how are you!");
System.Console.WriteLine("learning keep moving!");
});
helloAction.Invoke("www.zuowenjun.cn");
#endregion
JAVA(定义委托需要先定义委托类型【即:函数式接口,规则:接口+@FunctionalInterface+一个方法定义】,然后就可以普通方法,静态方法,有很多的现成的预定义委托类型【即:函数式接口】,如:BiFunction,Consumer等)
//3.委托
HelloWord helloWordObj = new HelloWord();
HelloWordDelegate helloWordDelegate = helloWordObj::output;
helloWordDelegate.invoke("梦在旅途");
HelloWordDelegate helloWordDelegate2 = HelloWord::outputForStatic;
helloWordDelegate2.invoke("zuowenjun");
//使用已封装好的委托方法(JAVA这边称:函数式接口,有很多详见:https://www.runoob.com/java/java8-functional-interfaces.html)
BiFunction<Integer, Integer, Integer> multiplyFunc = new BiFunction<Integer, Integer, Integer>() {
@Override
public Integer apply(Integer i, Integer i2) {
return i * i2;
}
};
int x = 12, y = 25;
int multiplyResult = multiplyFunc.apply(x, y);
System.out.printf("%d乘以%d等于:%d%n", x, y, multiplyResult);
Consumer<String> helloAction=new Consumer<String>() {
@Override
public void accept(String s) {
System.out.printf("hello,%s,how are you!%n",s);
System.out.printf("learning keep moving!%n");
}
};
helloAction.accept("www.zuowenjun.cn");
@FunctionalInterface
public interface HelloWordDelegate {
void invoke(String name);
}
public class HelloWord implements IHelloWord {
@Override
public void output(String name) {
System.out.printf("Welcome:%s,Hello Word! by %s\n",name,getCodeBy());
}
public static void outputForStatic(String name){
System.out.printf("Welcome:%s,Hello Word! by JAVA static\n",name);
}
@Override
public String getCodeBy() {
return "JAVA";
}
}
四、Lambda表达式
C#(使用(入参)=>{方法处理体},与要传入或要实例化的委托方法签名相同即可)
#region 4.Lambda
Func<int, int, int> multiplyFunc2 = new Func<int, int, int>((a, b) => a * b);
int x2 = 12, y2 = 25;
int multiplyResult2 = multiplyFunc2.Invoke(x2, y2); //OR multiplyFunc(x,y);
System.Console.WriteLine($"{x2}乘以{y2}等于:{multiplyResult2}");
Action<string> helloAction2 = new Action<string>(name =>
{
System.Console.WriteLine($"hello,{name},how are you!");
System.Console.WriteLine("learning keep moving!");
});
helloAction2.Invoke("www.zuowenjun.cn");
int[] intArr = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
intArr = intArr.Where(i => i >= 5).ToArray();
foreach (int i in intArr)
{
System.Console.WriteLine($"int-{i}");
}
string msg = "测试外部变量被Lambda引用";
Action testMsgAction = () =>
{
msg += "--改变内容";
System.Console.WriteLine("Lambda方法体中的值:" + msg);
};
testMsgAction();
System.Console.WriteLine("原始值:" + msg);
#endregion
JAVA(使用(入参)->{方法处理体},与要传入或要实例化的方法签名相同,且传入或实例化的类型必需是函数式接口【可以理解为自定义的委托类型】,注意与C#不同,Lambda方法体内不能引用外部非final的变量,与C# Lambda有本质不同)
//4.Lambda
BiFunction<Integer, Integer, Integer> multiplyFunc = (i1, i2) -> i1 * i2;
int x = 12, y = 25;
int multiplyResult = multiplyFunc.apply(x, y);
System.out.printf("%d乘以%d等于:%d%n", x, y, multiplyResult);
Consumer<String> helloAction= s -> {
System.out.printf("hello,%s,how are you!%n",s);
System.out.printf("learning keep moving!%n");
};
helloAction.accept("www.zuowenjun.cn");
int[] intArr = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
intArr= Arrays.stream(intArr).filter(value -> value>=5).toArray();
for (int n : intArr) {
System.out.printf("int-%d%n",n);
}
五、泛型
C#(真泛型,不同的泛型类型参数视为不同的类型,有泛型接口,泛型类,泛型方法,泛型委托,泛型约束:in表示逆变【泛型参数父类型转子类型,属于消费者,一般用于入参】,out 表示协变【泛型参数子类型转父类型】,只有委托、接口才支持可变性)
#region 5.泛型
//常用泛型集合类型
List<int> intList = new List<int> { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
List<long> longList = new List<long> { 1L, 2L, 3L, 4L, 5L, 6L, 7L, 8L, 9L };
Dictionary<string, string> dic = new Dictionary<string, string> {
{ "k1","v1"},{ "k2","v2"},{ "k3","v3"}
};
//泛型方法
var demo = new DemoGenericClass();
//demo.DisplayResult("学习永无止境"); 错误,因为约束是值类型
demo.DisplayResult(ConsoleColor.DarkGreen);
List<YellowPerson> yellowPersonList = new List<YellowPerson> {
new YellowPerson(){ Name="zzz",Age=11,Sex="G"},
new YellowPerson(){ Name="xxx",Age=22,Sex="B"}
};
//协变(泛型参数子类转父类)
//public interface IEnumerable<out T>
IEnumerable<YellowPerson> yellowPersons = yellowPersonList;
IEnumerable<Person> persons = yellowPersons;//协变(子类到父类的转变) ,泛型参数 out标记,一般用于出参,这个正确的
// List<Person> personList = yellowPersonList; 因为List是类,而且泛型参数并没有标记out,不适用协变,故这样转换是错误的
foreach (var p in persons)
{
System.Console.WriteLine($"item :【Name={p.Name},Age={p.Age},Sex={p.Sex},Color={p.Color}】");
}
//逆变(泛型参数父类转子类)
Action<object, object> showPlusResultAction = (d1, d2) => Console.WriteLine($"{d1}+{d2}={d1.ToString() + d2.ToString()}");
Action<string, string> showStrPlusResultAction = showPlusResultAction;//逆变(父类到子类的转变),泛型参数 in标记,一般用于入参
showPlusResultAction(55, 66);
showStrPlusResultAction("你好", "中国");
ShowMsg<Person> showMsg = new ShowMsg<Person>((p) =>
{
System.Console.WriteLine($"ShowMsg :【Name={p.Name},Age={p.Age},Sex={p.Sex},Color={p.Color}】");
});
//ShowMsg<HelloWord> showMsg2 = new ShowMsg<HelloWord>(...); 这样是不行的,因为泛型约束为需继承自Person
showMsg.Invoke(new Person() { Name = "zuowenjun", Age = 33, Sex = "B" });
showMsg.Invoke(new YellowPerson() { Name = "zuowenjun2", Age = 33, Sex = "B" });
//综合演示:入参逆变,出参协变
Func<Person, Person, string> getDataFunc = (x, y) => x.Name + y.Name;
Func<YellowPerson, YellowPerson, object> getDataFunc2 = getDataFunc;
object dataResult = getDataFunc2(new YellowPerson() { Name = "张三", Age = 33, Sex = "G" }, new YellowPerson() { Name = "赵六", Age = 33, Sex = "B" });
System.Console.WriteLine($"getDataFunc2:{dataResult}");
List<int> a = new List<int>();
List<String> b = new List<string>();
bool isEqual = (a.GetType() == b.GetType());
System.Console.WriteLine($"List<int> 与 List<String> {(isEqual ? "is" : "not")} Equal ");//结果是不相等
#endregion
//以上示例需要用到的类
public class BaseClass
{
/// <summary>
/// 必需是用virtual标记的方法(即:虚方法)或abstract标记的方法(即:抽象方法)子类才能使用override进行重写
/// </summary>
/// <param name="name"></param>
public virtual void SayHello(string name)
{
System.Console.WriteLine($"{nameof(BaseClass)} Say:{name},hello!");
}
}
public class DemoGenericClass : BaseClass, IDisposable
{
public void DisplayResult<T>(T arg) where T : struct
{
System.Console.WriteLine($"DemoGenericClass.DisplayResult:{arg}");
}
public void Dispose()
{
System.Console.WriteLine("DemoGenericClass Disposed");
}
public override void SayHello(string name)
{
base.SayHello(name);
System.Console.WriteLine($"{nameof(DemoGenericClass)} Say:{name},hello again!");
}
}
public class Person
{
public virtual Color Color { get; }
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Age { get; set; }
public string Sex { get; set; }
}
public class BlackPerson : Person
{
public override Color Color => Color.Black;
}
public class YellowPerson : Person
{
public override Color Color => Color.Yellow;
}
public class WhitePerson : Person
{
public override Color Color => Color.White;
}
JAVA(伪泛型,编译后类型参数擦除,同一个泛型类型不同的泛型参数类型相同,有泛型接口,泛型类,泛型方法,泛型约束:super限定下边界,逆变,用于入参,属于消费者,extends限定上边界,协变,用于出参,属于生产者,还有?通匹符)
//常用泛型集合
List<Integer> intList = new ArrayList(){
{
add(1);
add(2);
add(3);
add(4);
add(5);
}
};
Map<String,String> map=new HashMap(){
{
put("k1","v1");
put("k2","v2");
put("k3","v3");
}
};
//泛型方法
DemoGenericClass demo=new DemoGenericClass();
demo.displayResult(new YellowPerson(){{
setName("zwj");setSex("B");setAge(33);
}});
List<Integer> a=new ArrayList<>();
List<String> b=new ArrayList<>();
boolean isEqual =(a.getClass()==b.getClass());
System.out.printf("List<Integer>与List<String> %s Equal %n",isEqual?"is":"not"); //结果是相等,都是同一个List类型,不能使用instanceof判断泛型类型实例
//协变、逆变(详见说明:https://www.jianshu.com/p/2bf15c5265c5 ,意义与C#相同)
List<? super Person> persons=new ArrayList<>(); //super:限定下边界,逆变,用于入参
persons.add(new Person(){
{
setName("张三");
setAge(25);
setSex("B");
}
});
persons.add(new YellowPerson(){
{
setName("赵六");
setAge(18);
setSex("G");
}
});
List<? extends Person> result= (List<? extends Person>) persons;//extends:限定上边界,协变,用于出参
for (Person p:result){
System.out.printf("Person list item:%s %n",p.toString());
}
//以上示例需要用到的类
public class DemoGenericClass implements AutoCloseable
{
@Override
public void close() throws Exception {
System.out.println("DemoGenericClass closed");
}
public <T extends Person> void displayResult(T arg) //泛型约束(泛型参数上边界,协变)
{
System.out.printf("DemoGenericClass.DisplayResult:%s %n",arg.toString());
}
}
public class Person {
private String name;
private int age;
private String sex;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return String.format("Person=[Name:%s,Age:%d,Sex:%s] %n", name, age, sex);
}
}
class YellowPerson extends Person {
@Override
public String toString() {
return "YellowPerson#toString-"+ super.toString();
}
}
六、自动释放
C#(采用using包裹,要实现自动释放必需实现AutoCloseable接口)
using (var demo2 = new DemoGenericClass()) //DemoGenericClass实现IDisposable接口
{
demo2.DisplayResult(123456);
}
JAVA(采用try包裹,要实现自动释放必需实现IDisposable接口)
try(DemoGenericClass demo=new DemoGenericClass()) {
demo.displayResult(new YellowPerson(){
{
setName("zuowenjun");
setAge(33);
setSex("B");
}
});
}
七、重写(override)
C#(必需是用virtual标记的方法(即:虚方法)或abstract标记的方法(即:抽象方法)子类才能使用override进行重写,重写后父类的方法将被子类取代,若需在子类中执行父类被重写的方法,应使用base关键字,若父类方法非虚方法或抽象方法但又想“重写”怎么办?则只能使用new覆盖方法,覆盖方法与重写方法的不同之处在于,在父类中仍可以正常执行父类的方法而不会执行子类的覆盖方法,覆盖方法的方法签名、访问修饰符均没有严格限制,即使不相同仍不会报错,但IDE会有提示,如需真正覆盖父类方法,则应按照重写的规范来,只是使用new来修饰覆盖方法,但覆盖方法与重写方法有本质不同,一般情况下更建议使用重写方法)
public class BaseClass
{
/// <summary>
/// 必需是用virtual标记的方法(即:虚方法)或abstract标记的方法(即:抽象方法)子类才能使用override进行重写
/// </summary>
/// <param name="name"></param>
public virtual void SayHello(string name)
{
System.Console.WriteLine($"{nameof(BaseClass)} Say:{name},hello!");
}
}
public class DemoGenericClass : BaseClass
{
public override void SayHello(string name)
{
base.SayHello(name);
System.Console.WriteLine($"{nameof(DemoGenericClass)} Say:{name},hello again!");
}
}
JAVA(非private 且非 final 修饰的普通方法默认均可在子类中进行重写,重写要求基本与C#相同,只是无需强制Override关键字,但建议仍使用@Override注解,以便IDE进行重写规范检查,重写后父类的方法将被子类取代,若需在子类中执行父类被重写的方法,应使用super关键字)
public class BaseClass{
public void testOutput(String msg){
System.out.println("output Msg:" + msg);
}
}
public class DemoGenericClass extends BaseClass
{
@Override
public void testOutput(String msg){
super.testOutput(msg);
System.out.println("output again Msg:" + msg);
}
}
ASP.NET CORE VS Spring Boot 框架部署类比篇:
一、引用依赖(包)
C#(编辑csproj文件,可以通过PackageReference引用包、ProjectReference引用同一个解决方案下的其它项目,Reference引用本地DLL组件,csproj除了引用包以外,还可以通过在PropertyGroup元素下配置相关的属性,比如TargetFramework指定SDK框架版本等)
<!--包引用-->
<ItemGroup>
<PackageReference Include="Autofac.Extras.DynamicProxy" Version="4.5.0" />
<PackageReference Include="Autofac" Version="4.9.2" />
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.AspNetCore.App" />
<PackageReference Include="Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.CodeGeneration.Design" Version="2.1.1" />
<PackageReference Include="Autofac.Extensions.DependencyInjection" Version="4.4.0" />
</ItemGroup>
<!--同一解方案下的项目引用-->
<ItemGroup>
<ProjectReference Include="..\StandardClassLib2019\StandardClassLib2019.csproj" />
</ItemGroup>
<!--本地组件直接引用-->
<ItemGroup>
<Reference Include="KYExpress.Common">
<HintPath>xxxx\xxxx.dll</HintPath>
<Private>true</Private>
</Reference>
</ItemGroup>
JAVA(编辑POM 文件,通过dependencies.dependency来声明引入多个依赖,根据scope可以指定依赖的有效作用范围)
<dependencies>
<!--maven包依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--本地JAR包依赖(scope=system,systemPath=jar包存放目录)-->
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.zuowenjun.boot.mybatis.plugin</groupId>
<artifactId>cn.zuowenjun.boot.mybatis.plugin</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
<scope>system</scope>
<systemPath>${basedir}/src/main/libs/xxxxx.jar</systemPath>
</dependency>
<!--同一父项目Module之间依赖,注意这个必需先创建基于POM的父项目,然后各子Moudle 的POM 的parent指向父项目-->
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.zuowenjun.springboot</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot-demo1</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
JAVA POM 依赖继承两种方式
通过parent继承,如下所示:(如下是非常典型的spring boot的parent继承),项目将继承spring-boot-starter-parent POM中的所有设置及依赖(如:properties、dependencies等)
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
通过dependencyManagement继承,如下所示:(这是依赖管理,dependencyManagement里只是声明依赖,并不实现引入,因此子项目可按需显式的声明所需的依赖项。如果不在子项目中声明依赖,则不会从父项目中继承依赖,只有在子项目中声明了依赖项,且没有指定具体版本,才会从父项目中继承依赖项,(写了版本号相当于覆盖),version和scope都读取自父pom)
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Greenwich.SR2</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
二、依赖注入 DI (IOC容器)
C#(一般在Startup文件中ConfigureServices方法中按需注册依赖,注册依赖可以指定生命周期如:AddTransient【瞬时,即:每次都创建新实例】、AddScoped【作用域范围内】、AddSingleton【单例,仅实例化一次】,具体效果可以参见:在 ASP.NET Core 依赖注入)
//1.使用ASP.NET CORE默认的DI框架,在Startup文件中ConfigureServices方法中按需注册依赖
public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
//采用ASP.NET CORE默认的IOC容器注册
services.AddTransient<IOperationTransient, Operation>();
services.AddScoped<IOperationScoped, Operation>();
services.AddSingleton<IOperationSingleton, Operation>();
services.AddSingleton<IOperationSingletonInstance>(new Operation(Guid.Empty));
}
//2.在Controller中就可以直接采用构造函数注入或指明从IOC容器中获得实例[FromServices]
[ApiController]
[Route("api/[controller]")]
public class DemoController : Controller
{
private readonly OperationService operationService;
public DemoController(OperationService operationService)
{
this.operationService = operationService;
}
[Route("optid")]
public object Operation([FromServices]OperationService optSrv){
//TODO:方法体中直接使用operationService 或 入参optSrv均可
}
}
//如上所需接口及类定义
public interface IOperation
{
Guid OperationId { get; }
}
public interface IOperationTransient : IOperation
{
}
public interface IOperationScoped : IOperation
{
}
public interface IOperationSingleton : IOperation
{
}
public interface IOperationSingletonInstance : IOperation
{
}
public class Operation : IOperationTransient,
IOperationScoped,
IOperationSingleton,
IOperationSingletonInstance
{
public Operation() : this(Guid.NewGuid())
{
}
public Operation(Guid id)
{
OperationId = id;
}
public Guid OperationId { get; private set; }
}
public class OperationService
{
public OperationService(
IOperationTransient transientOperation,
IOperationScoped scopedOperation,
IOperationSingleton singletonOperation,
IOperationSingletonInstance instanceOperation)
{
TransientOperation = transientOperation;
ScopedOperation = scopedOperation;
SingletonOperation = singletonOperation;
SingletonInstanceOperation = instanceOperation;
}
public IOperationTransient TransientOperation { get; }
public IOperationScoped ScopedOperation { get; }
public IOperationSingleton SingletonOperation { get; }
public IOperationSingletonInstance SingletonInstanceOperation { get; }
}
C#使用第三方IOC容器,如:autofac,由第三方IOC容器接管并实现DI,示例如下:(autofac支持更多、更灵活的依赖注入场景)
public IServiceProvider ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
//采用ASP.NET CORE默认的IOC容器注册
services.AddTransient<IOperationTransient, Operation>();
services.AddScoped<IOperationScoped, Operation>();
services.AddSingleton<IOperationSingleton, Operation>();
services.AddSingleton<IOperationSingletonInstance>(new Operation(Guid.Empty));
services.AddTransient<OperationService, OperationService>();
var containerBuilder = new ContainerBuilder();
containerBuilder.Populate(services); //交由autofac IOC容器管理
var container = containerBuilder.Build();
return new AutofacServiceProvider(container);//使用utofac IOC容器
}
JAVA(可以使用xml来进行Bean的依赖注册,也可使用注解方式来进行依赖注册,目前在DI方面更多的是流行注解注册及注入,故这里也以注解依赖注册及注入为简要说明,更多有关注解依赖注册及注入以及XML的依赖注册及注入详细说明,可查阅我之前的文章:JAVA WEB快速入门之通过一个简单的Spring项目了解Spring的核心(AOP、IOC))
//1. 在自定义的spring统一注册配置类中注册相关Bean
@Configuration
public class BeansConfig {
@Bean
@Scope("prototype") //singleton,request,session
@Order(1) //注册顺序
public DemoBean demoBean(){
return new DemoBean();
}
@Bean("demo") //定义名称
@Order(2)
public DemoInterface demoInterface(){
return new DemoImplBean(demoBean()); //构造函数注入
}
}
//2.在Controller中就可以直接通过属性注入或构造函数注入获得实例,并在ACTION中使用这些实例对象
@RestController
public class DemoController {
@Autowired
private DemoBean demoBean;
@Autowired
@Qualifier("demo")//指定从IOC中解析的bean注册名
private DemoInterface demoInterface;
@Autowired
private DemoBean2 demoBean2;
@RequestMapping(path = "/demo/msg",method = RequestMethod.GET,produces = "application/json;charset=utf-8")
public Object testMsg(@RequestParam(value = "m",required = false) String m){
//TODO:可直接使用:demoBean、demoInterface、demoBean2这些私有字段,它们通过属性注入
return "test msg:" + m;
}
}
//以下是如上所需的类及接口定义
public class DemoBean {
}
public interface DemoInterface {
void showMsg(String msg);
}
public class DemoImplBean implements DemoInterface {
private DemoBean demoBean;
public DemoImplBean(DemoBean demoBean){
this.demoBean=demoBean;
}
@Override
public void showMsg(String msg) {
System.out.println("show msg:" + msg);
}
}
//通过标记Component,交由spring IOC自动扫描注册
@Component
public class DemoBean2 {
}
三、过滤器、拦截器 AOP
C#(在ASP.NET CORE中实现AOP常见有三种方式:第一种:添加ACTION过滤器(仅适用于MVC);第二种:使用第三方的AOP切面拦截器(如下文的AopInterceptor,可拦截指定的任意位置的虚方法),第三种:在请求管道中添加中间件(仅适用MVC))
public IServiceProvider ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
services.AddMvc(opt => opt.Filters.Add<AopFilter>() //第一种:添加过滤器,实现ACTION执行前后记录耗时
).SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_1);
var containerBuilder = new ContainerBuilder();
containerBuilder.Populate(services);
containerBuilder.RegisterType<AopInterceptor>();
containerBuilder.RegisterType<OperationService>().InterceptedBy(typeof(AopInterceptor)).EnableClassInterceptors(); //第二种:启用autofac的AOP拦截
var container = containerBuilder.Build();
return new AutofacServiceProvider(container);
}
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
{
if (env.IsDevelopment())
{
app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
}
//第三种:使用一个自定义的中间件,实现AOP的效果
app.Use(async (ctx, next) =>
{
//如果为示例逻辑
if (!ctx.Request.Query.TryGetValue("token", out var tokenVal) || tokenVal != "zuowenjun")
{
await ctx.Response.WriteAsync("验证token失败,禁止访问!");
return;
}
ctx.Request.EnableBuffering();//启动用buffer,以便可以重置Position
var requestReader = new StreamReader(ctx.Request.Body);
var requestContent = requestReader.ReadToEnd();
ctx.Request.Body.Position = 0; //需要重置为流开头,否则将导致后续的Model Binding失效等各种问题
var originalResponseStream = ctx.Response.Body;//记录原始请求
using (var ms = new MemoryStream())
{
ctx.Response.Body = ms;//因原始请求为只写流,故此处用自定义的内存流来接收响应流数据
var watch = Stopwatch.StartNew();
await next.Invoke();
watch.Stop();
ms.Position = 0;
var responseReader = new StreamReader(ms);
var responseContent = responseReader.ReadToEnd();
string logMsg = $"execedTime:{ watch.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString() }ms,Request,{requestContent},Response: { responseContent}";
Logger.LogInformation(logMsg);
ms.Position = 0;//恢复流位置为开头
await ms.CopyToAsync(originalResponseStream); //将当前的流合并到原始流中
ctx.Response.Body = originalResponseStream; //恢复原始响应流
};
});
app.UseMvc();
}
/// <summary>
/// Filter仅针对接入层(MVC)有效,底层服务若需使用AOP,则必需使用特定的AOP框架
/// </summary>
public class AopFilter : IActionFilter
{
private readonly Stopwatch stopWatch = new Stopwatch();
public void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext context)
{
//执行前逻辑
stopWatch.Start();
}
public void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext context)
{
//执行后逻辑
stopWatch.Stop();
var returnResult = context.Result;
if (returnResult is ObjectResult)
{
var objResult = (returnResult as ObjectResult);
objResult.Value = new { Original = objResult.Value, ElapsedTime = stopWatch.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString() + "ms" };
}
else if (returnResult is JsonResult)
{
var jsonResult = (returnResult as JsonResult);
jsonResult.Value = new { Original = jsonResult.Value, ElapsedTime = stopWatch.ElapsedMilliseconds.ToString() + "ms" };
}
}
}
JAVA(可以通过自定义Filter、HandlerInterceptor、MethodInterceptor 、around AOP增强等方式实现AOP拦截处理)
//最先执行,由servlet拦截请求(适用WEB)
@WebFilter(filterName = "demoFilter",urlPatterns = "/*")
class DemoFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
//初始化
}
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
//过滤处理
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
//销毁之前执行
}
}
//其次执行,由spring MVC拦截请求(适用Spring MVC)
@Component
public class DemoHandlerInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
//也可继承自HandlerInterceptorAdapter
@Override
public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
//执行前
return false;
}
@Override
public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
//执行后,生成视图之前执行
}
@Override
public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
//在DispatcherServlet完全处理完请求之后被调用,可用于清理资源
}
}
//最后执行,拦截方法
@Component
class DemoMethodInterceptor implements MethodInterceptor{
@Override
public Object invoke(MethodInvocation methodInvocation) throws Throwable {
return null;
}
}
//方法拦截的另一种形式
@Component
@Aspect
class AutoAspectJInterceptor {
@Around("execution (*..controller.*.*(..))")
public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint point) throws Throwable{
//执行前
Object object = point.proceed();
//执行后
return object;
}
}
四、配置读取
C#(支持多种配置数据提供程序,支持多种获取配置信息的方式,详见:ASP.NET Core 中的配置)
//Configuration为IConfiguration实例对象
Configuration.GetValue("key");//适用单个key-value
Configuration.Get<TConfig>();//适用整个config文件映射为一个TConfig类型的对象
Configuration.GetSection("key").GetChildren();//获取子项集合
JAVA(支持多种配置数据源格式(yml,Properties),可通过@value、@ConfigurationProperties、Environment等常见方法来获取配置信息)
//1.通过@value方式获取配置信息
@Value("${zuowenjun.site}")
public String zwjSite;
//2.通过创建一个映射配置信息的Bean(ConfigProperties) 方式获取配置信息
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties()//如果有前缀,则可以设置prefix=XXX
public static class Zuowenjun {
private String site;
private String skills;
private String motto;
public String getSite() {
return site;
}
public void setSite(String site) {
this.site = site;
}
public String getSkills() {
return skills;
}
public void setSkills(String skills) {
this.skills = skills;
}
public String getMotto() {
return motto;
}
public void setMotto(String motto) {
this.motto = motto;
}
}
//3.通过Environment来直接获取配置信息
environment.getProperty("zuowenjun.site");
五、发布、部署、运行
C#(ASP.NET CORE:除了如下使用.NET CLI命今进行发布打包,也可以使用VS或VS CODE可视化操作进行发布操作)
dotnet publish --configuration Release
JAVA(Spring MVC:除了如下使用MAVEN命令进行清理打包,还可以使用IDEA来进行打包,具体方法可参见:Springboot项目打包成jar运行2种方式)
mvn clean package;
C#(ASP.NET CORE)、JAVA(Spring MVC)都可以:
都支持WINDOWS服务器、Linux服务器等多种平台服务器 部署运行
都支持使用命令行启动运行ASP.NET CORE 或Spring MVC应用,例如:
都支持Jenkins CI&CD ,Docker、k8s虚拟化部署
都支持在Linux服务器中以守护进程方式运行,例如:
好了,总结到此结束,愿能帮助到那些处于.NET 转JAVA 或JAVA 转.NET或者想多了解一门编程语言的朋友们,祝大家事业有成。今后将分享更多关于分布式、算法等方面的知识,不局限.NET或JAVA语言,敬请期待,谢谢!
码字不易,若需转载及转载我之前的文章请注明出处,谢谢。