Mycat实现MySQL主从复制读写分离
MyCAT的安装及部署
1、部署jdk环境
MyCAT用Java开发，需要有JAVA运行环境，mycat依赖jdk1.7的环境
1）上传jdk
[root@localhost tools]# ll jdk-7u45-linux-x64.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 138094686 10月 24 2013 jdk-7u45-linux-x64.tar.gz2）安装jdk
[root@localhost tools]# mkdir /usr/java
[root@localhost tools]# tar xf jdk-7u45-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/java/3）设置环境变量
[root@localhost tools]# vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh内容如下：
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_45/
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar使环境变量当前终端生效
[root@localhost tools]# source /etc/profile.d/java.sh4）测试
[root@localhost tools]# java -version
java version "1.7.0_45"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_45-b18)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.45-b08, mixed mode)
2、安装Mycat
1）上传mycat包
[root@localhost tools]# ll Mycat-server-1.5.1-RELEASE-20161130213509-linux.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11499865 12月 15 16:33 Mycat-server-1.5.1-RELEASE-20161130213509-linux.tar.gz2）解压
[root@localhost tools]# tar xf Mycat-server-1.5.1-RELEASE-20161130213509-linux.tar.gz -C /usr/local/解压后内容如下：
[root@localhost tools]# ll /usr/local/mycat总用量 16
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 12月 15 11:36 bin
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 6 3月 1 2016 catlet
drwxrwxrwx 4 root root 4096 12月 15 11:36 conf
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 12月 15 11:36 lib
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 6 10月 28 20:47 logs
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 217 10月 28 20:47 version.txt3）添加环境变量
[root@localhost tools]# vim /etc/profile.d/mycat.sh
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mycat/bin
[root@localhost tools]# source /etc/profile.d/mycat.sh3、读写分离配置
1）不使用Mycat托管MySQL主从服务器，简单使用如下配置
#注意：配置前备份下配置文件
[root@localhost tools]# cd /usr/local/mycat/conf
[root@localhost conf]# cp schema.xml{,.bak}配置好文件内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd">
<mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://org.opencloudb/" >
<schema name="TESTDB" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100" dataNode="dn1">
</schema>
<dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="db1" />
<dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1"
writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100">
<heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat>
<writeHost host="hostM1" url="192.168.95.120:3306" user="root"
password="123456">
<readHost host="hostR1" url="192.168.95.140:3306" user="root" password="123456" />
<readHost host="hostR2" url="192.168.95.140:3307" user="root" password="123456" />
</writeHost>
</dataHost>
</mycat:schema>
4、创建管理用户
主库上对mycat用户授权如下：
用户：mycat 密码：123456 端口：3306
权限：insert,delete,update,select
命令：grant insert,delete,update,select on TD_OA.* to mycat@'192.168.95.%' identified by '123456';
flush privileges;
从库上mycat_r用户授权如下：
用户：mycat_r 密码：123456 端口：3306/3307
权限： select
grant select on TD_OA.* to mycat@'192.168.95.%' identified by '123456';
flush privileges;
测试环境可以直接使用root用户，授予所有权限：
mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'192.168.95.%' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'localhost' identified by '123456';5、修改mycat配置文件
采用默认配置
注意：
①这里配置的是可以连接主库的两个用户
用户：test 密码：test 给予此用户TESTDB数据库增删改查的权限。
用户：user 密码：password 给予此用户TESTDB数据库读的权限。
②这里的TESTDB，不一定是你数据库上的真实库名，可以任意指定，只要接下来和schema.xml的配置文件的库名统一即可。
6、启动Mycat
方法一：# mycat console #<=通过console命令启动mycat，这样方便提取信息
方法二：# mycat start
方法三：# startup_nowrap.sh #服务脚本方式启动
[root@localhost conf]# netstat -lnupt | egrep "(8|9)066"
tcp6 0 0 :::9066 :::* LISTEN 3342/java
tcp6 0 0 :::8066 :::* LISTEN 3342/java
重启：# mycat restart
7、在客户端连接mysql主库服务器：
# mysql -uuser -puser -h192.168.95.130 -P8066 -DTESTDB
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710 MyCat Server (OpenCloundDB)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
8、主从同步读写分离测试
管理端创建表:
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -utest -ptest -h192.168.95.130 -P8066 -DTESTDB
CREATE TABLE test1 (id int(10),name varchar(10),address varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL);手动停止主从同步: stop slave;
分别在主从库插入数据:
master: insert into test1 values(1,'test1','master');
slave1: insert into test1 values(2,'test1','slave1');
slave2: insert into test1 values(3,'test1','slave2');
管理端验证
负载均衡:
mysql> select * from test1;
+------+-------+---------+
| id | name | address |
+------+-------+---------+
| 2 | test1 | slave1 |
+------+-------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from test1;
+------+-------+---------+
| id | name | address |
+------+-------+---------+
| 3 | test1 | slave2 |
+------+-------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)读写功能:
管理端再次插入数据 insert into test1 values(4,'test1','write');
mysql> insert into test1 values(4,'test1','write');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
#注意：测试完毕启动主从同步功能。
9、管理命令与监控
mycat自身有类似其他数据库的管理监控方式，可通过mysql命令行，登陆端口9066执行相应的SQL操作，也可通过jdbc的方式进行远程连接管理。
登录：目前mycat有两个端口，8066数据端口，9066管理端口。命令行登录时通过9066管理端口来执行：
# mysql -uuser -puser -h192.168.95.130 -P9066 -DTESTDB
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6-RELEASE-20161028204710 MyCat Server (monitor)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>选项：
-h 后面接主机
-u mycat server.xml配置的逻辑库用户
-p mycat server.xml配置的逻辑库密码
-P 后面接的端口9066，注意P大写
-D Mycat server.xml中配置的逻辑库
1）查看所有的命令，如下：
mysql> show @@help;2）显示mycat数据库的列表，对应的在scehma.xml配置的逻辑库
mysql> show @@databases;
+----------+
| DATABASE |
+----------+
| TESTDB |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)3）显示mycat数据节点的列表，对应的是scehma.xml配置文件的dataNode节点
mysql> show @@datanode;
+------+----------------+-------+-------+--------+------+------+---------+------------+----------+---------+---------------+
| NAME | DATHOST | INDEX | TYPE | ACTIVE | IDLE | SIZE | EXECUTE | TOTAL_TIME | MAX_TIME | MAX_SQL | RECOVERY_TIME |
+------+----------------+-------+-------+--------+------+------+---------+------------+----------+---------+---------------+
| dn1 | localhost1/db1 | 0 | mysql | 0 | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 |
| dn2 | localhost1/db2 | 0 | mysql | 0 | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 |
| dn3 | localhost1/db3 | 0 | mysql | 0 | 0 | 1000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | -1 |
+------+----------------+-------+-------+--------+------+------+---------+------------+----------+---------+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
其中，NAME表示datanode的名称；dataHost 对应的是dataHost属性的值，数据主机的名称，ACTIVE表示活跃的连接数，IDIE表示闲置的连接数，SIZE对应的是总连接的数量。
mysql> show @@heartbeat;
+--------+-------+----------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
| NAME | TYPE | HOST | PORT | RS_CODE | RETRY | STATUS | TIMEOUT | EXECUTE_TIME | LAST_ACTIVE_TIME | STOP |
+--------+-------+----------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
| hostM1 | mysql | 192.168.95.120 | 3306 | 1 | 0 | idle | 0 | 1,0,0 | 2016-12-15 14:25:35 | false |
| hostS2 | mysql | 192.168.95.140 | 3306 | 1 | 0 | idle | 0 | 1,1,1 | 2016-12-15 14:25:35 | false |
| hostS3 | mysql | 192.168.95.140 | 3307 | 1 | 0 | idle | 0 | 1,1,1 | 2016-12-15 14:25:35 | false |
+--------+-------+----------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
RS_CODE状态为1，正常状态
4、获取当前mycat的版本
mysql> show @@version;5、显示mycat前端连接状态
mysql> show @@connection;6、显示mycat后端连接状态
mysql> show @@backend;7、显示数据源
mysql> show @@datasource