weak_ptr是辅助shared_ptr的智能指针。

就像它的名字一样。是个“弱”指针;仅有几个接口。仅能完毕非常少工作。它能够从一个shared_ptr或weak_ptr对象构造。获取对资源的观測权。它是没有共享资源的,所以它的对象的创建不会引起指针引用计数的添加,它的对象的析构也不会引起计数器的降低。

它没有重载*和->。不能使用指针。基本的几个接口例如以下:

long use_count() const//返回计数器数值
bool expired() const//推断指针是否失效,也就是推断计数器是否为零
shared_ptr<T> lock() const//返回一个shared_ptr<T>指针
void reset()//重置weak_ptr
void swap(weak_ptr<T> &b)//交换两个若指针

weak_ptr的一个重要用途是获得this指针的shared_ptr,使对象可以生产shared_ptr管理自己:对象使用weak_ptr观測this指针(不影响计数器)。在须要使用shared_ptr的时候调用lock()函数。

有一个类enable_shared_from_this<T>来帮助实现上述做法,它的头文件在<boost/enable_shared_from_this.hpp>中。主要声明:

template<class T>
class enable_shared_from_this
{
public:
shared_ptr<T> shared_from_this();
};

在使用的时候继承它既可使用shared_from_this来获取shared_ptr对象。(要注意不能使用非shared_ptr对象类使用这个函数,这样会导致shared_from_this返回的对象在析构时使用delete来释放栈上内存)。

#ifndef BOOST_SMART_PTR_WEAK_PTR_HPP_INCLUDED
#define BOOST_SMART_PTR_WEAK_PTR_HPP_INCLUDED //
// weak_ptr.hpp
//
// Copyright (c) 2001, 2002, 2003 Peter Dimov
//
// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See
// accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
// http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
//
// See http://www.boost.org/libs/smart_ptr/weak_ptr.htm for documentation.
// #include <memory> // boost.TR1 include order fix
#include <boost/smart_ptr/detail/shared_count.hpp>
#include <boost/smart_ptr/shared_ptr.hpp> namespace boost
{ template<class T> class weak_ptr
{
private: // Borland 5.5.1 specific workarounds
typedef weak_ptr<T> this_type; public: typedef typename boost::detail::sp_element< T >::type element_type; //默认构造函数
weak_ptr() BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px(0), pn() // never throws in 1.30+
{
} // generated copy constructor, assignment, destructor are fine... #if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES ) // ... except in C++0x, move disables the implicit copy
//复制构造函数
weak_ptr( weak_ptr const & r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( r.px ), pn( r.pn )
{
}
//赋值操作符
weak_ptr & operator=( weak_ptr const & r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
px = r.px;
pn = r.pn;
return *this;
} #endif //
// The "obvious" converting constructor implementation:
//
// template<class Y>
// weak_ptr(weak_ptr<Y> const & r): px(r.px), pn(r.pn) // never throws
// {
// }
//
// has a serious problem.
//
// r.px may already have been invalidated. The px(r.px)
// conversion may require access to *r.px (virtual inheritance).
//
// It is not possible to avoid spurious access violations since
// in multithreaded programs r.px may be invalidated at any point.
// template<class Y>
#if !defined( BOOST_SP_NO_SP_CONVERTIBLE ) weak_ptr( weak_ptr<Y> const & r, typename boost::detail::sp_enable_if_convertible<Y,T>::type = boost::detail::sp_empty() ) #else weak_ptr( weak_ptr<Y> const & r ) #endif
BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px(r.lock().get()), pn(r.pn)
{
boost::detail::sp_assert_convertible< Y, T >();
} #if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES ) template<class Y>
#if !defined( BOOST_SP_NO_SP_CONVERTIBLE ) weak_ptr( weak_ptr<Y> && r, typename boost::detail::sp_enable_if_convertible<Y,T>::type = boost::detail::sp_empty() ) #else weak_ptr( weak_ptr<Y> && r ) #endif
BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( r.lock().get() ), pn( static_cast< boost::detail::weak_count && >( r.pn ) )
{
boost::detail::sp_assert_convertible< Y, T >();
r.px = 0;
} // for better efficiency in the T == Y case
weak_ptr( weak_ptr && r )
BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( r.px ), pn( static_cast< boost::detail::weak_count && >( r.pn ) )
{
r.px = 0;
} // for better efficiency in the T == Y case
weak_ptr & operator=( weak_ptr && r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
this_type( static_cast< weak_ptr && >( r ) ).swap( *this );
return *this;
} #endif template<class Y>
#if !defined( BOOST_SP_NO_SP_CONVERTIBLE ) weak_ptr( shared_ptr<Y> const & r, typename boost::detail::sp_enable_if_convertible<Y,T>::type = boost::detail::sp_empty() ) #else
//由shared_ptr创建weak_ptr
weak_ptr( shared_ptr<Y> const & r ) #endif
BOOST_NOEXCEPT : px( r.px ), pn( r.pn )
{
boost::detail::sp_assert_convertible< Y, T >();
} #if !defined(BOOST_MSVC) || (BOOST_MSVC >= 1300) template<class Y>
weak_ptr & operator=( weak_ptr<Y> const & r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
boost::detail::sp_assert_convertible< Y, T >(); px = r.lock().get();
pn = r.pn; return *this;
} #if !defined( BOOST_NO_CXX11_RVALUE_REFERENCES ) template<class Y>
weak_ptr & operator=( weak_ptr<Y> && r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
this_type( static_cast< weak_ptr<Y> && >( r ) ).swap( *this );
return *this;
} #endif //赋值操作符,右值为shared_ptr
template<class Y>
weak_ptr & operator=( shared_ptr<Y> const & r ) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
boost::detail::sp_assert_convertible< Y, T >(); px = r.px;
pn = r.pn; return *this;
} #endif //基本的几个接口例如以下:: //返回shared_ptr对象
shared_ptr<T> lock() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
return shared_ptr<T>( *this, boost::detail::sp_nothrow_tag() );
}
//返回计数器数值
long use_count() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
return pn.use_count();
}
//推断指针是否有效。推断其计数器是否为零
bool expired() const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
return pn.use_count() == 0;
} bool _empty() const // extension, not in std::weak_ptr
{
return pn.empty();
} void reset() BOOST_NOEXCEPT // never throws in 1.30+
{
this_type().swap(*this);
} void swap(this_type & other) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
std::swap(px, other.px);
pn.swap(other.pn);
} template<typename Y>
void _internal_aliasing_assign(weak_ptr<Y> const & r, element_type * px2)
{
px = px2;
pn = r.pn;
} template<class Y> bool owner_before( weak_ptr<Y> const & rhs ) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
return pn < rhs.pn;
} template<class Y> bool owner_before( shared_ptr<Y> const & rhs ) const BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
return pn < rhs.pn;
} // Tasteless as this may seem, making all members public allows member templates
// to work in the absence of member template friends. (Matthew Langston) #ifndef BOOST_NO_MEMBER_TEMPLATE_FRIENDS private:
//设为友元
template<class Y> friend class weak_ptr;
template<class Y> friend class shared_ptr; #endif
//类的成员变量
element_type * px; // contained pointer
boost::detail::weak_count pn; // reference counter }; // weak_ptr template<class T, class U> inline bool operator<(weak_ptr<T> const & a, weak_ptr<U> const & b) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
return a.owner_before( b );
} template<class T> void swap(weak_ptr<T> & a, weak_ptr<T> & b) BOOST_NOEXCEPT
{
a.swap(b);
} } // namespace boost #endif // #ifndef BOOST_SMART_PTR_WEAK_PTR_HPP_INCLUDED

05-13 00:05